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Departments of Colombia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National subdivisions in Colombia
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Capital district and Colombian regions
Distrito Capital y los Departamentos de Colombia (Spanish)
CategoryUnitary state
LocationRepublic of Colombia
Number32Departments
1Capital District
Populations48,932 (Vaupés) – 8,906,342 (Capital District)
Areas50 km2 (19.3 sq mi) (San Andrés) – 109,665.0 km2 (42,341.89 sq mi) (Amazonas)
Government
Subdivisions

Colombia is aunitary republic made up of thirty-twoadministrative divisions referred to asdepartments (Spanish:departamentos, sing.departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital).[1] Departments arecountry subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping ofmunicipalities (municipios, sing.municipio). Municipal government is headed bymayor (alcalde) and administered by amunicipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.

Internal subdivisions within departments

[edit]

The current borders and number of the departments ofColombia was finally set after the1991 Colombian Constitution came into effect. Before that, the number of departments went from the original nine federal states of theUnited States of Colombia who ratified theConstitution of 1863 (Antioquia,Bolívar,Boyacá,Cauca,Cundinamarca,Magdalena,Panamá,Santander andTolima) to the current 32 departments that exist in the present-dayRepublic of Colombia.

All departments of Colombia are further subdivided into variousmunicipalities, which represent smaller areas of the department and are often, but not always, coterminous with the urban and rural limits of a given city or town. Some municipalities might also include smallertowns orhamlets (known as corregimientos in Spanish), within the borders of the wider municipality. The rural subdivisions of municipalities are know in Spanish asveredas.

Most departments also group various municipalities into regions which are larger than a municipality and are usually known as eitherprovinces or subregions. These subdivisions work as an intermediate level subnational regions between a department and a municipality. However, this provinces or subregions do not feature in the1991 Colombian Constitution and are thus defined instead by the departmental governments and assemblies.

List of current departments

[edit]
Departments of Colombia
IDMapRegionCapitalArea (km2)Population (December 2022)[2]Density per
km2		Established as a departmentFlagCodeGovernor (2024–2027)[3]Party or Coalition[3]
00
Capital DistrictBogotá1,5878,906,3424670.801861DCCarlos Fernando GalánNew Liberalism
01
AmazonasLeticia109,66582,0680.71991AMÓscar Enrique Sánchez GuerreroHistoric Pact for Colombia
02
AntioquiaMedellín63,6126,887,306100.721886ANAndrés Julián Rendón CardonaPor Antioquia Firme
03
AraucaArauca23,818304,97811.011991ARManuel Alexander Pérez RuedaDemocratic Center
04
AtlánticoBarranquilla3,3882,804,025748.381910ATEduardo Verano de la RosaColombian Liberal Party
05
BolívarCartagena25,9782,236,60379.691886BLYamil Hernando Arana PadauiBolivar Mejor
06
BoyacáTunja23,1891,259,60152.501824BYCarlos AmayaBoyacá Grande
07
CaldasManizales7,8881,036,455126.551905CLHenry Gutiérrez AngelPor El Caldas Que Quiere La Gente
08
CaquetáFlorencia88,965419,2754.521981CQLuis Francisco Ruiz AguilarCoalición Revive Caqueta
09
CasanareYopal44,640442,0689.421991CSCésar Augusto Ortiz ZorroCoalición Por Casanare
10
CaucaPopayán29,3081,516,01849.971824CAJorge Octavio Guzmán GutiérrezLa Fuerza Del Pueblo
11
CesarValledupar22,9051,341,69752.421967CEElvia Milena Sanjuán DávilaEl Cesar En Marcha
12
ChocóQuibdó46,530553,51911.491947CHNubia Carolina Córdoba CuriColombian Liberal Party
13
CórdobaMontería25,0201,856,49671.331951COErasmo Elías Zuleta BecharaCordoba Pr1mero
14
CundinamarcaBogotá24,2102,473,634120.571819CUJorge Emilio Rey ÁngelCaminando, Escuchando, Gobernando
15
GuainíaInirida72,23852,0610.671991GNArnulfo Rivera NaranjoCoalición Trabajemos Guainía
16
GuaviareSan José del Guaviare  53,46090,3571.551991GVYeison Ferney Rojas MartínezGuaviare Seguimos Avanzando
17
HuilaNeiva19,8901,140,93255.321910HURodrigo Villaba MosqueraPor Un Huila Grande
18
La GuajiraRiohacha20,8481,002,39442.241965LGJairo Alfonso Aguilar DeluqueUnion Party for the People,Radical Change,Independent Social Alliance, La Fuerza de la Paz and Partido Demócrata
19
MagdalenaSanta Marta23,1881,463,42757.861824MARafael Alejandro MartínezFuerza Ciudadana
20
MetaVillavicencio82,8051,080,70612.141959MERafaela Cortés ZambranoCoalición Fe y Firmeza
21
NariñoPasto33,2681,629,18149.011910NALuis Alfonso Escobar JaramilloHistoric Pact for Colombia
22
Norte de SantanderCúcuta21,6581,651,27868.871910NSWilliam Villamizar LaguadoCoalición Por Amor A Nuestra Gente Del Norte
23
PutumayoMocoa24,885369,06413.991991PUCarlos Andrés Marroquín LunaCoalición Somos La Fuerza De La Gente
24
QuindíoArmenia1,845569,569292.631966QDJuan Miguel Galvis BedoyaCreemos Colombia
25
RisaraldaPereira4,140977,829227.871966RIJuan Diego Patiño OchoaColombian Liberal Party
26
San Andrés y Providencia  San Andrés5265,2281178.461991SANicolas Iván Gallardo VásquezCoalición Avanzar es Posible
27
SantanderBucaramanga30,5372,324,09071.551886STJuvenal Díaz MateusCoalición Es Tiempo Juvenal Gobernador
28
SucreSincelejo10,917972,35082.891966SULucy Inés García MontesCoalición Mujer de Resultados
29
TolimaIbagué23,5621,346,93556.451886TOAdriana Magali Matiz VargasCoalición Con Seguridad en el Territorio
30
Valle del CaucaCali22,1404,589,278202.161910VCDilian Francisca Toro TorresCoalición Unidos por el Valle
31
VaupésMitú54,13548,9320.751991VALuis Alfredo Gutiérrez GarcíaGente en Movimiento
32
VichadaPuerto Carreño100,242115,7781.081991VDHecson Alexys Benito CastroUnion Party for the People

Indigenous territories

[edit]
Main article:Indigenous territory (Colombia)

The indigenous territories are at the third level of administrative division in Colombia, as are the municipalities. Indigenous territories are created by agreement between the government and indigenous communities. In cases where indigenous territories cover more than one department or municipality, local governments jointly administer them with the indigenous councils, as set out in Articles 329 and 330 of theColombian Constitution of 1991. Also indigenous territories may achieve localautonomy if they meet the requirements of the law.

Article 329 of the 1991 constitution recognizes the collective indigenous ownership of indigenous territories and repeats that are inalienable. Law 160 of 1994 created the National System of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development Campesino, and replaced Law 135 of 1961 on Agrarian Social Reform; it establishes and sets out the functions of INCORA, one of the most important being to declare which territories will acquire the status of indigenous protection and what extension of existing ones will be allowed. Decree 2164 of 1995 interprets Law 160 of 1994, providing, among other things, a legal definition of indigenous territories.[4]

Indigenous territories in Colombia are mostly located in the departments of Amazonas, Cauca, La Guajira, Guaviare, and Vaupés.[1]

History

[edit]
Territorial evolution of Colombian departments
1824
1886
1905
1908
1912
1916
1928
1942
1958
1966
1990
Present day

Gran Colombia

[edit]
Main article:Subdivisions of Gran Colombia

When it was first established in 1819, The Republic ofGran Colombia had three departments.Venezuela,Cundinamarca (now Colombia) andQuito (now Ecuador).[5] In 1824, the Distrito del Centro (which became Colombia) was divided into five departments and further divided into seventeen provinces. One department,Isthmus Department, consisting of two provinces, later became the sovereign country ofPanama.[6]

Republic of New Granada

[edit]
Main article:Republic of New Granada

With the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1826 by the Revolution of the Morrocoyes (La Cosiata), New Granada kept its 17 provinces. In 1832 the provinces of Vélez and Barbacoas were created, and in 1835 those of Buenaventura and Pasto were added. In 1843 those of Cauca, Mompós and Túquerres were created. At this time the cantons (cantones) and parish districts were created, which provided the basis for the present-day municipalities.[6][7]

By 1853 the number of provinces had increased to thirty-six, namely:Antioquia, Azuero, Barbacoas, Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Casanare, Cauca, Chiriquí, Chocó, Córdova, Cundinamarca, García Rovira, Mariquita, Medellín, Mompós, Neiva, Ocaña, Pamplona, Panamá, Pasto, Popayán, Riohacha, Sabanilla, Santa Marta, Santander, Socorro, Soto, Tequendama, Tunja, Tundama, Túquerres, Valle de Upar, Veraguas, Vélez and Zipaquirá.[7] However, the new constitution of 1853 introduced federalism, which lead to the consolidation of provinces into states. By 1858 this process was complete, with a resulting eight federal states: Panamá was formed in 1855, Antioquia in 1856, Santander in May 1857, and Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were formed in June 1858. 1861 saw the creation of the final federal state of Tolima.[8]

Republic of Colombia

[edit]

TheColombian Constitution of 1886 converted thestates of Colombia into departments, with the state presidents renamed as governors. The states formed the following original departments:

Historical predecessors of current departments

[edit]
Current name and flagEstablished as a departmentName at time of establishmentEstablishment of earliest territorial predecessorSovereign State that established the earliest territorial predecessor
Amazonas1991Intendancy of Amazonas1931Republic of Colombia
Antioquia1886Province of Antioquia1576Crown of Castile
Arauca1991Commissary of Arauca1911Republic of Colombia
Atlántico1910Province of Sabanilla1852Republic of New Granada
Bogotá1861Federal District of Bogotá1861Granadine Confederation
Bolívar1886Province of Cartagena1533Crown of Castile
Boyacá1824Province of Tunja1539Crown of Castile
Caldas1905Department of Caldas1905Republic of Colombia
Caquetá1981Intendancy of Caquetá1905Republic of Colombia
Casanare1991Province of Casanare1660Crown of Castile
Cauca1824Province of Popayán1537Crown of Castile
Cesar1967Department of Cesar1967Republic of Colombia
Chocó1947Province of Chocó1726Kingdom of Spain
Córdoba1951Department of Córdoba1951Republic of Colombia
Cundinamarca1824Province of Santafé de Bogotá1550Crown of Castile
Guainía1991Commissary of Guainía1963Republic of Colombia
Guaviare1991Commissary of Guaviare1977Republic of Colombia
Huila1910Province of Neiva1610Crown of Castile
La Guajira1965Province of Riohacha1789Kingdom of Spain
Magdalena1824Province of Santa Marta1533Crown of Castile
Meta1959Intendancy of Meta1905Republic of Colombia
Nariño1910Province of Pasto1823Republic of Colombia
Norte de Santander1910Province of Pamplona1555Crown of Castile
Putumayo1991Commissary of Putumayo1912Republic of Colombia
Quindío1966Department of Quindío1966Republic of Colombia
Risaralda1966Department of Risaralda1966Republic of Colombia
San Andrés y Providencia1991Providence Island Colony1630Kingdom of England
Santander1886Province of Socorro1795Kingdom of Spain
Sucre1966Department of Sucre1966Republic of Colombia
Tolima1886Province of Mariquita1550Crown of Castile
Valle del Cauca1910Province of Cauca1835Republic of New Granada
Vaupés1991Commissary of Vaupés1910Republic of Colombia
Vichada1991Commissary of Vichada1913Republic of Colombia

Map gallery

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  • Departments of Colombia with municipalities
    Departments of Colombia withmunicipalities
  • Map with numbered departments
    Map with numbered departments
  • Departments of Colombia with names
    Departments of Colombia with names
  • Political map of Colombia
    Political map of Colombia
  • Topography of Colombia, highly variable per department
    Topography of Colombia, highly variable per department

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Division Política de Colombia" (in Spanish). Portal ColombiaYA.com. Archived fromthe original on 10 March 2009.
  2. ^"Censo General 2005". Archived fromthe original on 2011-05-17.
  3. ^ab"Elecciones Territoriales 2023 - Resultados Electorales".La República (in Spanish). Retrieved2024-01-15.
  4. ^Decree 2164 of 1995 provides "Reserva Indígena. Es un globo de terreno baldío ocupado por una o varias comunidades indígenas que fué delimitado y legalmente asignado por el INCORA a aquellas para que ejerzan en él los derechos de uso y usufructo con exclusión de terceros. Las reservas indígenas constituyen tierras comunales de grupos étnicos, para los fines previstos en el artículo 63 de la Constitución Política y la ley 21 de 1991. [...] Territorios Indígenas. Son las áreas poseidas en forma regular y permanente por una comunidad, parcialidad o grupo indígena y aquellas que, aunque no se encuentren poseidas en esa forma, constituyen el ámbito tradicional de sus actividades sociales, económicas y culturales. " Art. 21: "Los resguardos son una institución legal y sociopolítica de carácter especial, conformada por una o más comunidades indígenas, que con un título de propiedad colectiva que goza de las garantías de la propiedad privada, poseen su territorio y se rigen para el manejo de éste y su vida interna por una organización autónoma amparada por el fuero indígena y su sistema normativo propio."
  5. ^Guhl Nannetti, Ernesto (1991). "Capítulo XII: División Política de la Gran Colombia".Las fronteras políticas y los límites naturales: escritos geograficos [Political Boundaries and Their Natural Limits: Geographic writings] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Fondo FEN.ISBN 978-958-9129-22-7.
  6. ^abAguilera Peña, Mario (January 2002)."División política administrativa de Colombia".Credential Historia (in Spanish). Bogotá: Banco de la República.Archived from the original on 16 February 2011.
  7. ^abOficina Nacional de Estadística (Office of National Statistics) (1876)."Estadística de Colombia" [Colombian Statistics](PDF).Oficina Nacional de Estadística (FTP) (in Spanish). Bogotá. Retrieved23 November 2016.[dead ftp link](To view documents seeHelp:FTP)
  8. ^Domínguez, Camilo; Chaparro, Jeffer; Gómez, Carla (2006)."Construcción y deconstrucción territorial del Caribe Colombiano durante el siglo XIX".Scripta Nova (Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales).10 (218 (75)).

External links

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