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Thedepartmental councils (French:conseils départementaux[kɔ̃sɛjdepaʁtəmɑ̃to]; singular,conseil départemental[kɔ̃sɛjdepaʁtəmɑ̃tal]) ofFrance arerepresentative assemblies elected byuniversal suffrage in 98 of the country's 101departments.[a] Prior to the2015 French departmental elections they were known asgeneral councils (conseils généraux; singular,conseil général).[1]
The Law of 22 December 1789 required the establishment of an assembly in each department, known as the council of the department.[2] This law was repealed on 4 December 1793; it was restored as the "law on the division of the territory of the Republic and its administration" on 17 February 1800, in which, "General Council of the departments" were formed.[3] At this time, the name "General Council" was also used by town and district councils.[4]
The members of the general council were not elected until 1833; they were first elected byuniversal manhood suffrage on 3 July 1848. The first female president of a department council wasÉvelyne Baylet inTarn-et-Garonne in 1970.[5]
Until the passing of the Law of 2 March 1982 on the rights and freedoms ofcommunes, departments, andregions, theprefect in each department was not only the state's representative in that department but also embodied in his or her person the department's executive; since 1982, the latter function has been transferred to the president of the departmental council.[6]
Law 175 of 26 February 2008 states that there must be at least one candidate of each gender in all departmental council elections.[7]