Deoxyribonuclease II (EC3.1.22.1,DNase II,pancreatic DNase II,deoxyribonucleate 3'-nucleotidohydrolase,pancreatic DNase II,acid deoxyribonuclease,acid DNase) is an endonuclease that hydrolyzes phosphodiester linkages ofdeoxyribonucleotide in native and denaturedDNA, yielding products with 3'-phosphates and 5'-hydroxyl ends, which occurs as a result of single-strand cleaving mechanism.[1] As the name implies, it functions optimally atacidpH because it is commonly found in low pH environment oflysosomes.
The action of DNase occurs in three phases. The initial phase introduces multiple nicks in thephosphodiester backbone. The second phase produces acid-soluble nucleotides. The third phase, which is the terminal phase, consists ofhyperchromic shift resulting from reduction of oligonucleotides.[1]
DNase II alpha (usually known as DNase II), which is thought to be ubiquitously expressed in human tissue.[2] It has been shown that a mutation in this enzyme of mice leads to DNA degradation by apoptosis.[3]
DNase II beta (also called DLAD, or DNase II-Like Acid DNase), which is mainly expressed in theeye lens andsalivary glands. One of its functions is to clear DNA from eye lens. Low levels have also been detected in the lung, prostate and lymph nodes.[4] Deficiency of this enzyme in mice lead to the development of cataracts.
