 Logo used since 2024 | |
| Original author(s) | Ryan Dahl |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Deno Land Inc[1] and contributors |
| Initial release | May 13, 2018; 6 years ago (2018-05-13)[2] |
| Stable release | |
| Repository | github |
| Written in | TypeScript,JavaScript,Rust,C++ (V8 bindings) |
| Operating system | Linux,macOS,Microsoft Windows |
| Type | Runtime environment |
| License | MIT License[4] |
| Website | deno |
Deno (/diːnoʊ/[5]) is aruntime forJavaScript,TypeScript, andWebAssembly that is based on theV8 JavaScript engine and theRust programming language. Deno was co-created byRyan Dahl, the creator ofNode.js[6] and Bert Belder.[7]
Deno explicitly takes on the role of both runtime andpackage manager within a singleexecutable, rather than requiring a separatepackage-management program.[5][8]
Deno was announced at JSConf EU 2018 byRyan Dahl in his talk "10 Things I Regret About Node.js".[9] In his talk, Dahl mentioned his regrets about the initial design decisions with Node.js, focusing on his choices of not usingpromises inAPI design, usage of the legacy build systemGYP, node_modules and package.json, leaving outfile extensions, magical module resolution with index.js and breaking the sandboxed environment of V8.[10] He eventually presented the prototype of Deno, aiming to achieve system call bindings through message passing with serialization tools such asProtocol Buffers, and to provide command line flags foraccess control.
Deno was initially written inGo and usedProtocol Buffers for serialization between privileged (Go, with system call access) and unprivileged (V8) sides.[11] However, Go was soon replaced withRust due to concerns of double runtime andgarbage collection pressure.[12]Tokio was introduced in place oflibuv as the asynchronous event-driven platform,[13] andFlatBuffers was adopted for faster, "zero-copy" serialization and deserialization[14] but later in August 2019, FlatBuffers was removed[15] after publishing benchmarks that measured a significant overhead of serialization in April 2019.[16]
A standard library, modeled after Go's standard library, was created in November 2018 to provide extensive tools and utilities, partially solving Node.js'dependency tree explosion problem.[17]
The official Deno 1.0 was released on May 13, 2020.[18]
Deno Deploy, inspired byCloudflare Workers,[19] was released on June 23, 2021.[20] Announced May 4, 2022 Beta 4 improved the dashboard and added billing functionality.[21]
Deno Fresh 1.0 was announced June 28, 2022.[22] It features a new full stack web framework for Deno that by default sends zero JavaScript to the client. The framework has no build step which allows for an order of magnitude improvements in deployment times. Version 1.1 was released September 8, 2022.[23]
Deno SaaSKit beta was announced April 4, 2023.[24] It is an open-source, modern SaaS template built with Fresh and Deno.
Deno 2 was released October 9, 2024.[25] It primarily brings Node.js compatibility improvements and removes deprecated features.
Deno aims to be a productive and securescripting environment for the modern programmer.[5] Similar to Node.js, Deno emphasizesevent-driven architecture, providing a set ofnon-blocking core I/O utilities, along with their blocking versions. Deno could be used to createweb servers, perform scientific computations, etc. Deno isopen source software under theMIT License.[26]
Deno and Node.js are both runtimes built on theV8 JavaScript engine developed by the Chromium Project, the engine used forChromium andGoogle Chrome web browsers. They both have internalevent loops and providecommand-line interfaces for running scripts and a wide range of system utilities.
Deno mainly deviates from Node.js in the following aspects:[5]
npm: andnode: to import NPM or polyfill Node.JS modules. Node.js supports both URLs[29] and modules.On March 29, 2021, Deno Land Inc was announced, with backing in millions of dollars fromShasta Ventures,Mozilla Corporation and a few others. It was established to further the development of Deno and provide a commercial offering to users.[1]
A year on, Deno announced a further $21 million in Series A funding led bySequoia Capital.[33]
The tables below were created using the official Releases page.[34]
| Version | Latest patch release | Release date | Date of last patch release | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old version, not maintained: 0.1.0 | Old version, not maintained: 0.1.12 | 2018-08-23 | 2018-11-12 | Rust rewrite and V8 snapshot |
| Old version, not maintained: 0.2.0 | Old version, not maintained: 0.2.11 | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-08 | Mildly usable |
| Old version, not maintained: 0.3.0 | Old version, not maintained: 0.3.10 | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-25 | Instead of importing a "deno" module, there is now a global variable called "Deno" |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.0.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.0.5 | 2020-05-13 | 2020-06-03 | Initial production release with CLI, first-class TypeScript Support, Rust APIs and improvements in HTTP server performance |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.1.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.1.3 | 2020-06-12 | 2020-07-03 | Various additions and fixes to the CLI, Rust 1.44.0 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.2.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.2.3 | 2020-07-13 | 2020-08-08 | Various additions and fixes to the CLI |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.3.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.3.3 | 2020-08-13 | 2020-09-04 | Various additions and fixes to the CLI, various improvements to the Deno language, TypeScript 3.9.7 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.4.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.4.6 | 2020-09-13 | 2020-10-10 | New web standard WebSocket API, automatic restarts on file change, integrated test coverage |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.5.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.5.4 | 2020-10-27 | 2020-11-23 | Faster tree-shaking and bundling, refactored REPL |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.6.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.6.3 | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-30 | Compile standalone binaries via "deno compile", support TypeScript 4.1, experimental support for Mac ARM64 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.7.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.7.5 | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-19 | Cross compilation and 60% smaller binaries for deno compile, a DNS resolver API, support for data URLs in import statements and web workers |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.8.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.8.3 | 2021-03-02 | 2021-04-02 | Experimental support for WebGPU API, built-in internationalization APIs enabled, support for fetching private modules, revamped coverage tooling, support for TypeScript 4.2 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.9.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.9.2 | 2021-04-13 | 2021-04-23 | Native HTTP/2 web server, Faster calls into Rust with serde_v8, Blob URL support & improvements to fetch api, Import completions in the LSP, Interactive permission prompt |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.10.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.10.2 | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-17 | Improvements to the built in test runner,structuredClone() support in Web Workers, Web Storage API, support for remote import maps |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.11.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.11.3 | 2021-06-08 | 2021-06-29 | Official docker images, more web crypto APIs added, BroadcastChannel, abortable fetch, deno lint stabilized |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.12.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.12.2 | 2021-07-13 | 2021-07-26 | Support forgenerateKey, sign and verify web crypto APIs, native WebSocket server support, TypeScript support in REPL, support forMessagePort andMessageChannel |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.13.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.13.2 | 2021-08-10 | 2021-08-23 | Native HTTP web server stabilization, support forself.structuredClone(),AbortSignal support, support forCODEN avigator.hardwareConcurrency,javascript API, experimentalWebSocketStream API, FFI replaces native plugin system |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.14.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.14.3 | 2021-09-14 | 2021-10-04 | URLPattern, file locking APIs, mutual TLS support in fetch, TypeScript 4.4, URL parsing and std/http performance improvements |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.15.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.15.3 | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-25 | New crypto APIs, deno uninstall subcommand, nested testing API, FFI improvements, new—compat flag for improved Node compatibility |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.16.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.16.4 | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-03 | Fetch support for file URLs, new unstable signal listener API, support for specifying a reason when aborting anAbortSignal, improvements to Web Streams API, findLast and findLastIndex array methods, Deno to npm package build tool |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.17.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.17.3 | 2021-12-16 | 2022-01-12 | Import assertions and JSON modules, improvements to the Web Cryptography API, unref timers, unstable support for negotiating ALPN, TypeScript 4.5 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.18.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.18.0 | 2022-01-20 | 2022-01-20 | Configuration auto-discovery, completion of Web Cryptography API, stabilization of test steps API, FFI improvements, LSP improvements |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.19.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.19.3 | 2022-02-17 | 2022-03-10 | New Deno vendor dependency, default permission prompt, new web streams for files, network sockets and stdio, CompressionStream and DecompressionStream supported, better errors for ops and resource sanitizers, improved console log |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.20.1 | Old version, not maintained: 1.20.6 | 2022-04-14 | 2022-03-16 | Faster calls into Rust, auto-compression for HTTP response bodies, new subcommands (deno bench, deno task), security improvements, stricter defaults in programmatic permission, TypeScript 4.6, V8 10.0 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.21.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.21.3 | 2022-04-20 | 2022-05-12 | Various improvements to the Deno language, VSCode extension, and REPL. Improvements in Deno Test |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.22.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.22.3 | 2022-05-18 | 2022-06-09 | Updated default type checking behavior, various improvements to the Deno language, updates to the test runner |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.23.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.23.4 | 2022-06-15 | 2022-07-12 | No type-checking by default, various improvements to the Deno language, force a new line in REPL, TypeScript 4.7 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.24.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.24.3 | 2022-07-20 | 2022-08-11 | Type checking and emitting performance improvements, various improvements to the Deno language, Deno Test improvements, Updates to the new subprocess API, LSP improvements, addition of semver module |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.25.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.25.4 | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-22 | deno init subcommand, experimental npm support, new HTTP server API, improvements to startup time, FFI API improvements |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.26.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.26.2 | 2022-09-29 | 2022-10-17 | Cache Web API, WebCrypto Secure Curves, --allow-sys permission flag, improvements to npm and Node.JS support, improvements toDeno.serve() API, improved module download UI, developer experience improvement, TypeScript 4.8 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.27.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.27.2 | 2022-10-27 | 2022-11-08 | Major IDE improvements, improvements to npm compatibility, navigator.language Web API, Improvements to deno task, Upgrade checker, Changes to Deno APIs, Updates to deno lint, V8 10.8, Node.js compatibility improvements, Changes to standard library APIs |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.28.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.28.3 | 2022-11-13 | 2022-12-01 | Various fixes and feature stabilisations, NPM package importer, auto discovery of the lock file, V8 10.9 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.29.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.29.4 | 2022-12-14 | 2023-01-16 | npm compatibility improvements, REPL changes, quality of life improvements, Deno API changes, TypeScript 4.9, standard library updates |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.30.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.30.3 | 2023-01-26 | 2023-02-07 | Support for built-in Node.js modules (import"node:fs"), deno.json becomes an import map, deno fmt supports configuring semicolons |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.31.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.31.1 | 2023-02-24 | 2023-02-25 | Support for package.json, Stabilization of Node-API, Node compatibility layer for NodeJS moved to the Deno runtime itself, Stabilizations in Deno API, Change to pointer type in FFI API |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.32.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.32.5 | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-18 | Enhanced Node.js compatibility, deno compile support for web workers and dynamic import, changes to Deno APIs, changes to Web APIs, changes to the standard library, TypeScript 5.0, V8 11.2 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.33.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.33.4 | 2023-04-28 | 2023-05-18 | Built inKey-value database, flatter configuration, no permission check for dynamic imports, further enhanced Node.js/npm compatibility, performance improvements, CLI improvements, changes to Deno APIs, V8 11.4 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.34.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.34.3 | 2023-05-23 | 2023-6-15 | Deno compile support for npm packages, glob support in Deno.json and CLI flags, support for IP addresses in TLS certificates, configuration file improvements, API Changes, Node.js compatibility improvements, TypeScript 5.0.4, V8 11.5 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.35.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.35.3 | 2023-07-05 | 2023-07-26 | New stable web server API, Node.js compatibility improvements, Deno API changes, Web API changes, LSP improvements, updates to standard library, TypeScript 5.1.6, V8 11.6 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.36.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.36.2 | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-21 | More flexible security and expanded testing APIs |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.37.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.37.2 | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-12 | Jupyter support, TypeScript 5.2, bug fixes |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.38.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.38.5 | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-05 | Deno.Server renamed toDeno.HttpServer, Jupyter support and fixes, Websocket features |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.39.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.39.4 | 2023-12-13 | 2024-01-13 | Re-addition of WebGPU support |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.40.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.40.5 | 2024-01-25 | 2024-02-15 | Temporal API, additionalimport.meta support, stage 3 decorator support, Deno 2 preparatory deprecations, better import maps, WebGPU windowing, and updates to unstable flags |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.41.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.41.3 | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-14 | Smaller compiled binaries, official Linux ARM64 builds |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.42.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.42.3 | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-14 | JSR support |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.43.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.43.6 | 2024-05-01 | 2024-05-21 | Sped up language server in monorepos, new deno serve,URL.parse() API, Deno 2 feature flag, V8 12.4 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.44.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.44.4 | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-19 | Initial Next.js support, private npm registries, gRPC |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.45.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.45.5 | 2024-07-10 | 2024-07-31 | Monorepo support with workspaces, deno install updates, command to initialize JSR project, deno vendor deprecation, stabilization of the Standard Library ongoing, V8 12.7 and TypeScript 5.5.2 |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.46.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.46.3 | 2024-08-22 | 2024-09-04 | CLI simplifications, deno serve multithreading, expanded formatting support, import assertion deprecation, code signing, Playwright support, stable HMR, Standard Library stabilized, CLI additions, V8 12.9 |
| Old version, not maintained: 2.0.0 | Old version, not maintained: 2.0.6 | 2024-10-09 | 2024-11-10 | Node.js compatibility improvements, announced LTS release channel, performance improvements |
| Old version, not maintained: 2.1.0 | Old version, not maintained: 2.1.10 | 2024-11-21 | 2025-02-13 | |
| Old version, not maintained: 2.2.0 | Latest version:2.2.2 | 2025-02-18 | 2025-02-25 | |
Legend: Old version Old version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future version | ||||
Version numbers are based on releases from GitHub.[35]
| Version | Latest patch release | Release date | Date of last patch release | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old version, not maintained: 1.0.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.0.0 | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Initial release |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.1.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.1.6 | 2022-08-09 | 2023-05-23 | Automatic JSX, new twind plug-in, Preact Signals support, Preact DevTools support, explicit rendering of 404 pages, stacked middleware, experimental Deno.serve support, showcase & "Made with Fresh" badges |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.2.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.2.0 | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | More datatypes supported in island props, support for passing JSX to islands and nesting islands, support for importing packages from npm, custom HEAD request handlers, overrides for headers and status from ctx.render, asynchronous plugin rendering, simplified testing |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.3.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.3.1 | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-21 | Async Route Components. adding routes and/or middlewares from plugin. 500 error template fallback, error Boundaries, export multiple islands in the same file, Fresh linting rules, support for Deno.serve |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.4.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.4.3 | 2023-08-16 | 2023-09-06 | Faster page loads with ahead-of-time compilation, custom html, head and body tags, layouts (async layouts and async app wrapper, quicker typing with define functions |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.5.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.5.4 | 2023-10-10 | 2023-09-06 | Partials and CSR support, active link styling, exposed esbuild targets configuration and metafile.json |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.6.0 | Old version, not maintained: 1.6.8 | 2023-12-01 | 2024-03-22 | Tailwind CSS support, partials improvements, bundling improvements, improved plugin API, improved route matching performance, subpaths support, better typings, error overlay is closable |
| Old version, not maintained: 1.7.0 | Latest version:1.7.3 | 2024-08-15 | 2024-10-14 | Add Unix domain sockets support |
Legend: Old version Old version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future version | ||||
Version numbers are bases on release numbers from the GitHub repository.[36]
| Version | Latest patch release | Release date | Date of last patch release | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old version, not maintained: beta | Old version, not maintained: beta | 2023-04-04 | 2022-04-04 | Initial release |
| Old version, not maintained: 0.1.0 | 2023-04-19 | |||
| Old version, not maintained: 0.2.0 | 2023-05-08 | |||
| Old version, not maintained: 0.3.0 | 2023-06-06 | |||
| Old version, not maintained: 0.4.0 | 2023-06-20 | Deno KV OAuth | ||
| Old version, not maintained: 0.5.0 | 2023-06-27 | |||
| Old version, not maintained: 0.6.0 | Old version, not maintained: 0.6.1 | 2023-08-06 | 2023-09-12 | |
| Latest version:0.7.0 | 2023-12-19 | |||
Legend: Old version Old version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future version | ||||
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GlobalDeno namespaces expose APIs that are not available in the browser.
An implementation of theUnixcat program:[1]
/** * cat.ts */for(constfilenameofDeno.args){constfile=awaitDeno.open(filename);awaitfile.readable.pipeTo(Deno.stdout.writable,{preventClose:true});}
A simpleWeb server:[2]
Deno.serve((req)=>newResponse("hello world"));
Deno automatically downloads and caches the remote standard library files when the script is run, and then compiles the code.
Similarly, it can run a standard library script (such as afile server) directly without explicitly downloading, by providing the URL as the input filename (-A turns on all permissions):
$denorun-Ahttps://deno.land/std/http/file_server.tsDownload https://deno.land/std/http/file_server.tsCompile https://deno.land/std/http/file_server.ts...HTTP server listening on http://0.0.0.0:4500/