Denny Hulme | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Hulme at the1965 German Grand Prix | |
| Born | Denis Clive Hulme (1936-06-18)18 June 1936 Motueka, New Zealand |
| Died | 4 October 1992(1992-10-04) (aged 56) Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent | Clive Hulme (father) |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality |  New Zealander |
| Active years | 1965–1974 |
| Teams | Brabham,McLaren |
| Entries | 112 |
| Championships | 1 (1967) |
| Wins | 8 |
| Podiums | 33 |
| Careerpoints | 248 |
| Pole positions | 1 |
| Fastest laps | 9 |
| First entry | 1965 Monaco Grand Prix |
| First win | 1967 Monaco Grand Prix |
| Last win | 1974 Argentine Grand Prix |
| Last entry | 1974 United States Grand Prix |
Denis Clive Hulme (18 June 1936 – 4 October 1992) was a New Zealandracing driver, who competed inFormula One from1965 to1974. Nicknamed "the Bear",[a] Hulme won theFormula One World Drivers' Championship in1967 withBrabham, and won eightGrands Prix across 10 seasons.
Born and raised in theSouth Island, Hulme was the son ofClive Hulme, who was aWorld War II sniper. Hulme achieved eight race wins, one pole position, nine fastest laps and 33 podiums in Formula One. He also finished third in the overall standing in 1968 and 1972.[2]
Hulme showed versatility by dominating theCanadian-American Challenge Cup (Can-Am) forGroup 7 sports cars. As a member of theMcLaren team that won five straight titles between 1967 and 1971, he won the individual Drivers' Championship twice and was runner-up on four other occasions.[2]
Hulme was nicknamed 'The Bear', because of his "gruff nature" and "rugged features"; however, he was also "sensitive (...) unable to express his feelings, except in a racing car".[1][tone] During the early part of his career, Hulme preferred to race bare foot as he believed that it gave him a better feel of the throttle. This changed in 1960 when he started competing in the more highly regulated European championships.[3] Following his Formula One tenure with Brabham, Hulme raced for McLaren in multiple formats—Formula One, Can-Am, and at theIndianapolis 500. Hulme retired from Formula One at the end of the 1974 season but continued to race Australian Touring Cars.
Hulme was born on a tobacco farm belonging to his parents inMotueka in theSouth Island of New Zealand. His fatherClive Hulme was awarded aVictoria Cross, as a sniper, while fighting in theBattle of Crete in 1941.[1]
While growing up on his family's farm inPongakawa (nearTe Puke), Hulme learned to drive a truck while sitting on his father's lap; by the age of six, he was driving solo. He left school and went to work in a garage. He saved up enough money to buy anMG TF, promptly entering this in hillclimbing events. After that his father brought anMGA for him. After making impressive progress he purchased aF2Cooper-Climax, subsequently being chosen for the New Zealand Driver to Europe program, along with fellow New Zealander,George Lawton. The pair of young New Zealanders began competing inFormula Junior andFormula Two across Europe, in a Cooper-BMC and Cooper–Ford respectively. Hulme won the 1960Gran Premio di Pescara for Formula Juniors, but the newspapers back in New Zealand made no mention of this, as they wrote only about Bruce McLaren. However, the year, 1960 ended in disaster, when Lawton crashed during a race atRoskilde (Denmark) dying in Hulme's arms.[1][4][5]
As the New Zealand press were ignoring Hulme, he hired a 2½ litre Cooper fromReg Parnell and entered it in the 1961 New Zealand Gold Star Championship. He won the title straight away. He appeared atLe Mans for theAbarth team, taking a class win in S850 the class (partnered by fellow New ZealanderAngus Hyslop), beforeKen Tyrrell invited the likable (but sometimes gruff) New Zealander to race in hisFormula Junior andFormula Two team, in 1962, whenTony Maggs was unavailable due to his Formula One commitments.[4][5][6]
Once there, basing himself in London, he worked as a mechanic inJack Brabham's garage inChessington and began to pave his way on his motor-racing path. It was Brabham who gave him drives in hisBrabham sportscars and single seaters. During the 1963 season, he won seven InternationalFormula Junior and after some impressive performances there, it was his old boss Jack Brabham who gave Hulme the call and he joined the Australian legend's F2 team. In 1964, the pair set about dominating the Championship that year, resulting in a one–two finish in theFFSA Trophées de France series. The pair also finished one–two in the1966 series. During this spell inF2 between 1964 and 1966, Hulme won three races in the series, plus two non-championship events (the1964 Grote Prijs van Limborg and the1965 Spring Trophy). Hulme was rewarded with some non-championship Formula One races.[1][4][7]
Away from single seaters, Hulme also raced the occasional saloon car. In appalling conditions, on 6 July 1963, Hulme won his first major saloon car race. The secondMotor-sponsored Six-Hour, a round of the European Touring Car Championship, saw the pre-race favourite, a 7-litreFord Galaxie driven byDan Gurney and Jack Brabham flounder in the wet and the Jaguars dominated the race. Hulme would win, partnered byRoy Salvadori, after the winners on the road were disqualified for engine irregularities.[8]
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After making numerous appearances in non-championship events for Brabham during the 1964 season, as the Brabham team had signedDan Gurney to race alongside their boss, Hulme finally got the call he had been waiting for, making his World Championship debut in 1965 atMonaco. Later that year, he scored his first points, for fourth position at the dauntingClermont-Ferrand (Charade) circuit inFrance.[4]
1966 was Hulme's first full season of Formula One. Now, after the departure ofDan Gurney, he was the outright number two at the Brabham team behind Jack himself. Finishing a fine fourth that year (with Jack winning the Drivers' and the Brabham team the Constructors' Championship), the highlights came with a third place atReims in France, a second behind Brabham atBrands Hatch, and the fastest lap atZandvoort, before ignition problems put paid to his race there. Whilst his boss won the World title, Hulme made it to the podium four times during season, finishing fourth overall in the standings.[1][7]
The 1967 Championship was essentially an internal affair within the Brabham Racing Organisation team for most of the year, but the new Lotus 49 gaveJim Clark andGraham Hill the opportunity to bite back. Their Brabham-Repcos were not the fastest cars, however they were reliable and consistent, as were Brabham and Hulme. During the season, he would take two wins in the 11-race Championship, atMonte Carlo and the ferociousNürburgring (the Green Hell).[1]
Although Hulme silenced many critics with his excellent win in Monaco, the race was marred by the appalling accident that would claim the life ofLorenzo Bandini, who was chasing Hulme at the time of the crash. His second Grand Prix win of 1967, was on the legendaryNordschleife of theNürburgring. This victory proved his versatility on any type of track. A further six visits to the podium gave Hulme the advantage he needed. He won the Championship by five points from Brabham, and a further five from Jim Clark. Hulme was the first (and to date, only)Formula One World Champion from New Zealand.[1]
1968 saw a move to theMcLaren team, owned by fellow New ZealanderBruce McLaren. Although the 'Bruce and Denny Show' dominated the North American Can-Am sports car series from 1966, their time in Formula One was less successful. TheSouth African race, held at the legendaryKyalami circuit, proved difficult for the team. Despite having to use the old BRM V12 engines on an old M5A chassis, Hulme brought it home a creditable fifth.[1][7]
By the Spanish round atJarama, theCosworth DFV V8 engine was installed in the brand new M7A chassis and the performances improved. After victory in theBRDC International Trophy, Hulme picked up second place in Spain, before taking two more wins that year atMonza and inCanada, leaving him with an outside chance of retaining the Championship crown against Graham Hill and the youngJackie Stewart.
The finale, inMexico City, determined the champion that year, but Hulme suffered a suspension failure on his McLaren.
1969 was a disaster for Hulme: the revised M7A chassis struggled with reliability and Hulme managed only 20 points, attaining one victory, at the final round at theMexican Grand Prix. Hulme ended the season in sixth position in the drivers' standings.
1970 brought a new decade, but Hulme's luck did not change. Team boss and friendBruce McLaren was killed while testing theCanAm McLaren M8D, which affected Hulme. Another problem occurred that year when he suffered burns to his hands from amethanol fire during practice for theIndianapolis 500. As a result, he missed theDutch Grand Prix in 1970. Undeterred, he felt he owed it to Bruce and the McLaren team to continue racing. Besides his emotional distress and serious burns, he still managed a creditable fourth in the championship with 27 points.[1]
Although Hulme would claim third place in the1970 Mexican Grand Prix, the race was marred by the immense crowd of over 200,000. The crowd proved almost uncontrollable and almost forced the cancellation of the race. They were crammed in front of the guard-rails, sat at the trackside and ran across the track itself. The drivers were concerned that someone would be killed. During qualifying, Hulme missed some children by inches. They were playing a game ofchicken to see who got nearest to the cars as they hurtled past.[9]
1971 started promisingly. At Kyalami, he led dominantly but the rising-rate suspension system forced him out, after only a few laps. The McLaren team were in disarray. The season was even worse than 1970 results wise, as Hulme did not even make the podium, although he set the fastest laps inCanada andthe United States that year but results were hard to come by. Hulme ended up ninth in the standings for 1971.[7]
Beauty, fragrance and men's products companyYardley took over title sponsorship of a new McLaren in1972, and it paid dividends for Hulme. Partnered with good friend Peter Revson, Hulme was back on winning ways takingvictory in South Africa, and a few fine podiums elsewhere, finishing 1972 in third place with 39 points. Meanwhile, Hulme also won the non-championshipInternational Gold Cup race atOulton Park.
Amazingly, Hulme scored only one pole position in his F1 career aboard aMcLaren M23, in1973 at Kyalami—he appeared to have a good relationship with theSouth African venue. However, Hulme was outshone by friend and teammatePeter Revson in1973, and he finished a place down on the American in sixth, 12 points adrift.
By the1973 Belgian Grand Prix, Hulme and McLaren had taken F1 safety forward, when his car introduced theGraviner life-support system to Formula One, supplying the driver breathable air in the event of fire.[10]
Hulme won theSwedish Grand Prix luckily, though he also set the fastest lap. The race seemed to be set up for a home victory forRonnie Peterson, with his Lotus teammate,Emerson Fittipaldi in second, when the Lotuses hit trouble. Fittipaldi being slowed with gearbox issues, and then Peterson with a slow rear wheel puncture. As Hulme decided to run with harder tyres, he passed Peterson on the penultimate lap to win. Hulme expressed sadness to "have taken that away from Ronnie".[11][12]
He and Revson had built up a strong friendship off the back of their F1 camaraderie they also competed together in the Can-Am series. When Revson left McLaren at the end of 1973 to join Shadow, Hulme would have been disappointed.
In his time at McLaren, Hulme won six Grand Prix's, but he was nearing the end of his time in F1, and his competitive urges were being blunted by a growing apprehension about the dangers of racing. After theBrazilian Grand Prix in which Hulme finished twelfth, these fears were well founded. When testing at Kyalami started, in March 1974,Peter Revson suffered a front suspension failure (broken front Ball Joint), veering head-on into the barriers. Hulme tried in vain to save his friend's life, but to no avail. After the accident Hulme announced that he would see out1974 before retiring from Grand Prix racing. However, other than winning theArgentine event (he inherited the lead when his now teammate Fittipaldi inadvertently knocked-off the electrical "kill-switch" on his steering wheel, on the penultimate lap) and coming second in Austria, he did not make much of an impact on the season, and retired at the end of the year and stepped away from the sport and returned to New Zealand.[1][10]
At the finish of the1966 Le Mans 24 hours, the twoShelby-American Inc. enteredFord GT40 MK II's were both on the lead lap, running first and second, with the car Hulme was partnering withKen Miles in the lead. In the lead half-hour of the race, the Fords bunched up together in a pre-arranged plan forBruce McLaren and Miles to cross the line, headlights ablaze, in a dead-heat. Unfortunately the dead-heat thatHenry Ford II had so proudly planned did not come off, as the timekeepers decided that a dead-heat was technically impossible as the Hulme/Miles car had qualified faster than the McLaren/Amon car, and therefore covered a shorter race distance. Therefore, when the two cars arrived side by side at the finish, Bruce McLaren and Chris Amon were classified as the winners, with Hulme and Ken Miles in second.[13]
In1966, while driving for the Brabham team in Formula One, Hulme drove in the inaugural season of theCan-Am racing series ofFIAGroup 7 racing, driving the same Sid Taylor enteredLola T70 he had driven with success in UK Group 7 races that year, but achieving no success in the Can-Am races. In 1967 he joined theMcLaren team of New Zealand countrymanBruce McLaren for the series, replacing Chris Amon who had gone to Ferrari. This partnership became so successful, the Americans called them the 'Bruce and Denny Show', such was their domination.[1]
In the1967 season, the year of his F1 Championship win with Brabham, Hulme finished second to team leader Bruce McLaren for the Can-Am championship, scoring three wins in six races and earning 24 points in theMcLaren M6A. Hulme won the Can-Am Championship in1968, taking three victories in the six race season, earning 35 points in the McLaren M8A.1969 saw the McLaren team continue to dominate the series; driving the McLaren M8B, they won every race, with multiple 1–2 finishes, and even a 1–2–3 finish whenDan Gurney drove the spare car. Hulme scored five victories in eleven races in 1969, earning 160 points to finish second to teammate McLaren in the championship.
The1970 season was difficult for the team, as they mourned the loss of leader Bruce McLaren, who had died while pre-season testing the McLaren M8D "Batmobile" at theGoodwood Circuit. Teamed first with driver Dan Gurney, then with driverPeter Gethin, Hulme led the team with six wins in ten races, winning his second Can-Am Championship driving the M8D to 132 points—more than double the number of the second-place competitor. For the1971 season Hulme's teammate was his good friendPeter Revson, who took the Can-Am crown that year with Hulme in second (three wins in ten races), driving the McLaren M8F. In his final season, Hulme drove theMcLaren M20 to second place in the1972 championship on 65 points, with two wins in the nine race season.
Following his quiet start in the 1966 season, Hulme scored 22 wins with 11 second place and 2 third-place finishes in 52 Can-Am races from 1967 through 1972 – standing on the podium for 67% of the races during those six seasons. In those same six seasons, he was the Can-Am season champion twice, and championship runner-up four times. His 22 career wins are the most by any driver in the Can-Am series.
Hulme competed in theIndianapolis 500 on four occasions: 1967, 1968, 1969, and 1971. His best results in the event were in 1967 and 1968, both times finishing fourth. He did not compete in the 1970 race, due to methanol burns to the hands after a fire during practice.[5] Hulme was named the 1967Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year.[14]
Hulme finished third in the1964 Tasman Series with one win and three podiums. He would later compete in1967 and1968, collecting a podium in each year.
On weekends away from the Formula One, Hulme would sometimes race for Sid Taylor Racing in the British Sportscar Championship. During this time, he won a total of 12 races, mostly in aLola T70, including threeRAC Tourist Trophies, one of which was a round of the1965 World Sportscar Championship.
After leaving the sport, Hulme led theGPDA (Grand Prix Drivers' Association) for a brief period, but the cut and thrust nature of the post was ill-suited to his gentlemanly nature and he did not fill the post for very long. He then retired to New Zealand, returning to touring cars to race occasionally in theBenson & Hedges 500 race atPukekohe Park Raceway in the late 1970s first inChrysler Chargers then later a Volkswagen Golf, partneringStirling Moss on occasion for the 500 kilometre endurance format.[15]
Hulme began racing regularly again in 1982 with amateur racer Ray Smith, building up a team with the Holden Commodore V8 capable of winning the New Zealand Production Car Series for Group A touring cars in 1983–84. Hulme also started racing in Australia, racing in the team of former European compatriotFrank Gardner'sJPS Team BMW, which included second in class at the1984 Bathurst 1000.
Hulme returned to Europe in 1986 racing in theEuropean Touring Car Championship in aTom Walkinshaw Racing preparedRover Vitesse. That campaign culminated in a victory in theRAC Tourist Trophy, Hulme's fourth win in the event, 18 years after his third win. After that Hulme raced briefly forBob Jane's Mercedes-Benz team before linking up withLarry Perkins in 1987, moving with Perkins in 1988 to the newly formedHolden Racing Team. It was withHolden, that Hulme would record his last visit to a podium, when he finished second, in the 1988 South Australia Cup. Hulme would later joinBenson & Hedges Racing, another team run by Frank Gardner in 1990. In the meantime, Hulme was a keen enthusiast of truck racing, which became popular in New Zealand in the early 1990s runningScania trucks, returning to Europe to race in European Truck Championship.[4][16]
A favourite event of Hulme's was theBathurst 1000, held at theMount Panorama track in Australia. In the1992 event he was driving a semi-works supportedBMW M3 forBenson & Hedges Racing when, after complaining over the car-to-pits radio of blurred vision, originally thought to be because of the heavy rain, Hulme suffered a massiveheart attack at the wheel whilst driving along the high-speedConrod Straight. After veering into the wall on the left side of the track at about 140 mph (230 km/h),[17] he managed to bring the car to a relatively controlled stop sliding against the safety railing and concrete wall on the right side of the track. When marshals reached the scene, they found Hulme still strapped in. He was taken from the car straight toBathurst Hospital where he was officially pronounced dead.
According to his sister Anita, Hulme's health began deteriorating after the death of his 21-year-old son, Martin Clive, on Christmas Day, 1988, at Lake Rotoiti in the Bay of Plenty. "He was so upset after Martin’s death", says Anita. "He used to go and sit in the cemetery. I know that he died of a broken heart".[18]
Several awards were named in Hulme's memory:
Hulme was portrayed byBen Collins in the 2019 filmFord v Ferrari.
(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position)
(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
| Year | Team | Car | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Pos. | Pts | Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Cooper Car Co. | Austin Mini Cooper S | A | SNE | GOO | AIN | SIL | CRY | AIN | BRH | OUL ovr:? cls:3 | 26th | 4 | 7th | |||
| 1963 | Alan Brown Racing Ltd | Ford Galaxie | D | SNE | OUL | GOO | AIN | SIL | CRY | SIL DNS | BRH | BRH | OUL | SIL | NC | 0 | NC |
| 1964 | Alan Brown Racing Ltd | Ford Galaxie | D | SNE | GOO | OUL | AIN | SIL | CRY | BRH Ret | NC | 0 | NC | ||||
| Don Moore | Austin Mini Cooper S | A | OUL Ret | NC | |||||||||||||
Source:[101] | |||||||||||||||||
| Year | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Rank | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Brabham BT4 | LEV 1 | PUK 2 | WIG 3 | TER Ret | SAN 5 | WAR 5 | LAK 9 | LON | 3rd | 23 |
| 1967 | Brabham BT22 | PUK Ret | WIG 3 | LAK 4 | WAR Ret | SAN Ret | LON Ret | 8th | 7 | ||
| 1968 | Brabham BT23 | PUK | LEV | WIG 3 | TER 6 | SUR 6 | WAR 5 | SAN 9 | LON DNS | 7th | 8 |
Source:[102] | |||||||||||
(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | Car | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Pos | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 |  Bruce Mclaren Motor Racing | McLaren M6A | Chevrolet | ROA 1 | BRI 1 | MOS 1 | LAG Ret | RIV Ret | LVG Ret | 2nd | 27 | |||||
| 1968 | Bruce McLaren Motor Racing | McLaren M8A | Chevrolet | ROA 1 | BRI Ret | EDM 1 | LAG 2 | RIV 5 | LVG 1 | 1st | 35 | |||||
| 1969 | Bruce McLaren Motor Racing | McLaren M8B | Chevrolet | MOS 2 | MTR 1* | WGL 2 | EDM 1 | MOH 1 | ROA 2 | BRI 1 | MCH 2 | LAG 2 | RIV 1 | TWS Ret | 2nd | 160 |
| 1970 | Bruce McLaren Motor Racing | McLaren M8D | Chevrolet | MOS 3 | MTR Ret | WGL 1 | EDM 1 | MOH 1 | ROA Ret | ATL Ret | BRA 1 | LAG 1 | RIV 1 | 1st | 132 | |
| 1971 | Bruce McLaren Motor Racing | McLaren M8F | Chevrolet | MOS 1 | MTR 2 | ATL 2 | WGL 2 | MOH Ret | ROA Ret | BRA 2 | EDM 1 | LAG 3 | RIV 1 | 2nd | 132 | |
| 1972 | Bruce McLaren Motor Racing | McLaren M20 | Chevrolet | MOS 1 | ATL Ret | WGL 1 | MOH 4 | ROA Ret | BRA Ret | EDM 2 | LAG Ret | RIV 19 | 2nd | 65 | ||
Source:[103] | ||||||||||||||||
* Joint fastest lap.
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class pos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 |  Abarth & Cie | Angus Hyslop | Fiat-Abarth850 S | S 850 | 263 | 14th | 1st |
| 1966 |  Shelby-American Inc. | Ken Miles | Ford GT40 Mk.II | P+5.0 | 360 | 2nd | 2nd |
| 1967 | Holman & Moody | Lloyd Ruby | Ford GT40 Mk.IV | P+5.0 | 86 | DNF | DNF |
Source:[105] | |||||||
| Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class pos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 | Team Chamaco Collect | Victor Wilson | Ferrari 250LM | P+2.0 | 53 | DNF | DNF |
| 1967 | Ford Motor Company (Holman & Moody) | Lloyd Ruby | Ford Mk IV | P+2.0 | 299 | DNF | DNF |
| Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class pos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 |  JPS Team BMW | Stephen Brook | BMW 635 CSi | A | 41 | DNF | DNF |
| 1984 | JPS Team BMW |  Leopold von Bayern | BMW 635 CSi | Group A | 148 | 15th | 2nd |
| 1985 | Auckland Coin & Bullion Exchange | Ray Smith | Holden VK Commodore | C | 146 | DNF | DNF |
| 1986 | Bob Jane T-Marts |  Franz Klammer | Mercedes-Benz 190E | B | 157 | 9th | 2nd |
| 1987 | Enzed Team Perkins | Larry Perkins | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | 1 | 2 | DNF | DNF |
| 1988 | Holden Special Vehicles | Larry PerkinsTom Walkinshaw | Holden VL Commodore SS Group A SV | A | 137 | DNF | DNF |
| 1989 | Benson & Hedges Racing | Alan JonesTony Longhurst | Ford Sierra RS500 | A | 158 | 5th | 5th |
| 1990 | Benson & Hedges Racing | Alan Jones | Ford Sierra RS500 | A | 65 | DNF | DNF |
| 1991 | Benson & Hedges Racing | Peter Fitzgerald | BMW M3 Evolution | 2 | 157 | 4th | 1st |
| 1992 | Benson & Hedges Racing | Paul Morris | BMW M3 Evolution | 2 | 32 | DNF | DNF |
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