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Demographics of the Republic of Ireland

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Demographics ofIreland
Population pyramid of Ireland in 2023
Population5,348,000 (2023)
Density73 per km2
Growth rate8.1%
Birth rate10.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Life expectancy80.19 years
 • male78 years
 • female82.6 years
Fertility rate1.70 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate3.85 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate10.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years19.98%
15–64 years65.26%
65 and over14.76%
Sex ratio
Total0.99 male/female
At birth1.057 male/female
Under 151.07 male/female
15–64 years1.00 male/female
65 and over0.81 male/female
Nationality
NationalityIrish
Major ethnicIrish 76.66%
Minor ethnicOther European 10.8% Asian 3.3% Black 1.5% Other 1.7%
Language
OfficialIrish, English
SpokenIrish sign language,Shelta,Ulster Scots

Ireland had an estimated population of 5,380,000 as of 1 April 2024.[1]

Demographic history

[edit]
Further information:Historical population of Ireland

The island of Ireland's population has fluctuated over history. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Ireland experienced a majorpopulation boom as a result of theAgricultural andIndustrial Revolutions. In the 50-year period 1790–1840, the population of the island doubled from 4 million to 8 million. At its peak, Ireland's population density was similar to that of England and continental Europe.

This changed dramatically with theGreat Famine of the mid-19th century, which led to mass starvation and consequent mass emigration. In the area covering the present dayRepublic of Ireland, the population reached about 6.5 million in the mid-1840s. Ten years later it was down to 5 million. The population continued a slow decline well into the 20th century, with the Republic recording a low of 2.8 million in the 1961 census.[2]

During the 1960s, the population started to grow once more, although slowly as emigration was still common. In the 1990s the country entered a period of rapid economic growth as a result of theCeltic Tiger Irisheconomic boom, and the Republic started to receive immigration. Many former Irish emigrants returned home, and Ireland became an attractive destination for immigrants, from other member states in the EU such as Central Europe, but also from outside the EU such as Africa, Asia and elsewhere. With the 2008 onset of theIrish economic and banking crisis, the state's economy suffered, and Ireland has once again been experiencing net emigration of its citizens, but immigration remains high.

In November 2013,Eurostat reported that the Republic had the largest net emigration rate of any member state, at 7.6 emigrants per 1,000 population. However, it has the youngest population of any European Union member state[3] and its population size is predicted to grow for many decades, in contrast with the declining population predicted for most European countries. A report published in 2008 predicted that the population would reach 6.7 million by 2060.[4] The Republic has also been experiencing ababy boom, with increasing birth rates and overall fertility rates.[5] Despite this, the total fertility rate is still below replacement depending on when the measurement is taken. The Irish fertility rate is still the highest of any European country.[6] This increase is significantly fuelled by non-Irish immigration – in 2009, one-quarter of all babies born in Ireland were born to foreign-born mothers.[7]

millionyear2.533.544.555.519001920194019601980200020202040population (million)Republic of Ireland Total Population
Viewsource data.
‰years-30-20-10010203019001920194019601980200020202040Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Republic of Ireland Population Change
Viewsource data.
TFRyears1.522.533.544.519001920194019601980200020202040Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate
Viewsource data.
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18416,528,799—    
18515,111,557−2.42%
18614,402,111−1.48%
18714,053,187−0.82%
18813,870,020−0.46%
18913,468,694−1.09%
19013,221,823−0.74%
19113,139,688−0.26%
19262,971,992−0.37%
19362,968,420−0.01%
19462,955,107−0.04%
19512,960,593+0.04%
19612,818,341−0.49%
19712,978,248+0.55%
19813,443,405+1.46%
19913,525,719+0.24%
20023,917,203+0.96%
20114,588,252+1.77%
20225,149,139+1.05%
Source:CSO[8] 2019[9]

Population

[edit]

The population of Ireland was 5,123,536 people in 2022.Demographic statistics as of 2019.

  • One birth every 8 minutes
  • One death every 16 minutes
  • One net migrant every 90 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 14 minutes
Geographic Population Distribution

Urban population (areas with >1,500 people): 62.0% (2011)

Rural population: 38.0% (2011)

A graph of the populations of the island of Ireland and Europe[clarification needed] from 1750 to the present[citation needed] showing Ireland's "massive" population spike in the early 19th century and subsequent collapse due to the 1845–49 famine and subsequent emigration.

Fertility

[edit]

Thetotal fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.[10]

Year18501851185218531854185518561857185818591860[10]
Total fertility rate of Ireland4.204.134.063.993.933.863.793.723.653.583.51
Year1861186218631864186518661867186818691870[10]
Total fertility rate of Ireland3.453.383.313.243.473.543.533.583.583.71
Year1871187218731874187518761877187818791880[10]
Total fertility rate of Ireland3.673.723.633.573.513.573.543.403.443.31
Year1881188218831884188518861887188818891890[10]
Total fertility rate of Ireland3.333.223.153.203.153.113.103.063.042.99
Year189118921893189418951896189718981899[10]
Total fertility rate of Ireland3.053.013.093.083.123.173.163.133.09

Birth rate; 13.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 137th

Total fertility rate; 1.96 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 125th

Mother's mean age at first birth; 30.7 years (2015 est.)

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy in Ireland since 1901
Life expectancy in Ireland since 1960 by gender

Death rate; 6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 140th

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195566.91985–199074.2
1955–196069.21990–199575.3
1960–196570.11995–200076.0
1965–197070.82000–200577.8
1970–197571.22005–201079.7
1975–198072.02010–201580.9
1980–198573.2

Source:UN World Population Prospects

Age structure

[edit]

Age structure[11]

0–14 years: 21.37% (male 554,110 /female 529,067)
15–24 years: 11.92% (male 306,052 /female 297,890)
25–54 years: 42.86% (male 1,091,495 /female 1,080,594)
55–64 years: 10.53% (male 267,255 /female 266,438)
65 years and over: 13.32% (male 312,694 /female 362,455) (2018 est.)

Median age; total: 37.1 years

male: 36.8 years
female: 37.5 years (2018 est.)

Vital statistics

[edit]
Vital statistics for Ireland since 1900[12]
Population on 1 AprilLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration (per 1000)Total fertility rate[fn 1][10]
19003,231,00070,43521.83.04
19013,234,00070,19455,16515,02921.717.14.62.92
19023,205,00071,15654,50516,65122.217.05.23.08
19033,191,00070,54154,26216,27922.117.05.13.09
19043,169,00072,26155,99716,26422.817.75.13.16
19053,160,00071,42752,12219,30522.616.56.13.13
19063,164,00072,14751,38820,75922.816.26.63.15
19073,145,00070,77353,58017,19322.517.05.53.11
19083,147,00071,43953,75817,68122.717.15.63.12
19093,135,00072,11952,69819,42123.016.86.23.14
19103,132,00071,74452,31819,42622.916.76.23.12
19113,129,00071,35151,14920,20222.816.36.53.07
19123,116,00070,73450,48920,24522.716.26.5-9.73.10
19133,106,00070,21452,18418,03022.616.85.8-8.43.09
19143,098,00069,10249,67419,42822.316.06.3-16.03.05
19153,068,00067,50153,71313,78822.017.54.5-3.52.99
19163,071,00064,81450,62714,18721.116.54.6-4.62.87
19173,071,00061,42951,7139,71620.016.83.2-3.92.71
19183,069,00061,09253,6827,41019.917.52.4-5.32.73
19193,060,00061,82955,7766,04419.918.21.712.02.75
19203,102,00067,01545,52121,49421.614.76.9-8.83.20
19213,096,00061,01044,53716,47319.714.45.3-13.72.79
19223,070,00058,84944,54714,30218.514.54.0-22.22.61
19233,014,00062,41742,21719,47320.514.06.5-9.52.74
19243,005,00063,40245,18018,22221.115.06.1-12.82.83
19252,985,00062,06943,65018,41920.814.66.2-10.92.79
19262,971,00061,17641,74019,43620.614.06.5-11.22.76
19272,957,00060,05443,67716,37720.314.85.5-9.92.72
19282,944,00059,17641,79217,38420.114.25.9-8.32.69
19292,937,00058,28042,99115,28919.814.65.2-8.62.66
19302,927,00058,35341,70216,65119.914.25.7-3.72.54
19312,933,00057,08642,94714,13919.514.64.80.72.49
19322,949,00056,24042,98413,25619.114.64.5-0.12.43
19332,962,00057,36440,53916,82519.413.75.7-2.72.47
19342,971,00057,89739,08318,81419.513.26.3-6.32.49
19352,971,00058,26641,54316,72319.614.05.6-6.92.50
19362,967,00058,11542,58615,52919.614.45.2-11.62.50
19372,948,00056,48845,08611,40219.215.33.9-7.62.45
19382,937,00056,92540,04116,88419.413.65.7-6.72.47
19392,934,00056,07041,71714,35319.114.24.93.32.43
19402,958,00056,59441,88514,70919.114.25.06.82.43
19412,993,00056,78043,79712,98319.014.64.3-14.32.42
19422,963,00066,11741,64024,47722.314.18.3-14.02.85
19432,946,00064,37543,49420,88121.914.87.1-7.82.80
19442,944,00065,42545,12820,29722.215.36.9-4.22.84
19452,952,00066,86142,76224,09922.614.58.2-6.52.90
19462,957,00067,92241,45726,46523.014.08.9-3.22.94
19472,974,00068,97844,06124,91723.214.88.4-4.72.98
19482,985,00065,93036,35729,57322.112.29.9-11.22.80
19492,981,00064,15338,06226,09121.512.88.8-12.82.75
19502,969,00063,56537,74125,82421.412.78.7-11.22.74
19512,961,00062,87842,38220,49621.214.36.9-9.62.69
19522,953,00064,63135,10529,52621.911.910.0-11.42.97
19532,949,00062,55834,59127,96721.211.79.5-12.22.95
19542,941,00062,53435,53526,99921.312.19.2-16.03.18
19552,921,00061,62236,76124,86121.112.68.5-16.43.28
19562,898,00060,74033,91026,83021.011.79.3-13.83.41
19572,885,00061,24234,31126,93121.211.99.3-20.43.52
19582,853,00059,51034,24825,26220.912.08.9-11.43.43
19592,846,00060,18834,24325,94521.112.09.1-14.03.63
19602,832,00060,73532,66028,07521.411.59.9-14.83.78
19612,818,00059,82534,76325,06221.212.38.9-4.63.78
19622,830,00061,78233,83827,94421.812.09.9-2.83.92
19632,850,00063,24633,79529,45122.211.910.3-5.44.01
19642,864,00064,07232,63031,44222.411.411.0-6.84.07
19652,876,00063,52533,02230,50322.111.510.6-7.84.04
19662,884,00062,21535,11327,10221.612.29.4-3.93.95
19672,900,00061,30731,40029,90721.110.810.3-5.83.84
19682,913,00061,00433,15727,84720.911.49.6-5.13.77
19692,926,00062,91233,73429,17821.511.510.0-1.83.83
19702,950,00064,38233,68630,69621.811.410.4-0,93.85
19712,978,00067,55131,89035,66122.710.73.412.03.97
19723,024,00068,52734,38134,14622.711.411.34.93.93
19733,073,00068,71334,19234,52122.411.111.25.43.78
19743,124,00068,90734,92133,98622.111.210.96.13.64
19753,177,00067,17833,17334,00521.110.410.75.43.43
19763,228,00067,71834,04333,67521.010.510.43.23.35
19773,272,00068,89233,63235,26021.110.310.82.03.31
19783,314,00070,29933,79436,50521.210.211.05.33.27
19793,368,00072,53933,77138,76821.510.011.5-1.73.26
19803,401,00074,06433,47240,59221.89.811.90.43.25
19813,443,00072,15832,92939,22921.09.611.4-0.73.10
19823,480,00070,84332,45738,38620.49.311.0-4.12.98
19833,504,00067,11732,07635,04119.29.210.0-2.92.76
19843,529,00064,06232,15431,90818.29.19.0-5.92.57
19853,540,00062,38833,21329,17517.69.48.2-7.92.48
19863,541,00061,62033,63027,99017.49.57.9-6.22.44
19873,547,00058,43331,41327,02016.58.97.6-12.12.31
19883,531,00054,60031,58023,02015.58.96.5-12.42.17
19893,510,00052,01832,11119,90714.89.15.7-6.82.08
19903,506,00052,95431,37021,58415.18.96.2-0.52.12
19913,526,00052,71831,30521,41315.08.96.12.12.09
19923,555,00051,08930,93120,15814.48.75.7-0.41.99
19933,574,00049,30432,14817,15613.89.04.8-1.41.91
19943,586,00048,25530,94817,30713.58.64.8-0.61.85
19953,601,00048,53031,49417,03613.58.74.72.21.86
19963,626,00050,39031,51418,87613.98.75.25.31.89
19973,664,00052,31131,60520,70614.38.65.74.91.93
19983,703,00053,55131,35222,19914.58.56.04.51.95
19993,742,00053,35431,68321,67114.38.55.87.01.90
20003,790,00054,78931,39123,39814.58.36.28.81.89
20013,847,00057,85430,21227,64215.07.97.211.01.96
20023,917,00060,50329,68330,82015.47.67.88.31.97
20033,980,00061,52929,07432,45515.57.38.28.11.99
20044,045,00061,97228,66533,30715.37.18.213.81.96
20054,134,00061,37228,26033,11214.86.88.015.91.88
20064,233,00065,42528,48836,93715.46.78.716.31.93
20074,339,00071,38928,11743,27216.36.49.99.22.04
20084,422,00075,17328,27446,89916.86.310.5-2.12.09
20094,459,00075,55428,38047,17416.76.310.4-7.92.10
20104,470,00075,17427,96147,21316.56.110.413.12.07
20114,575,00074,03328,45645,57716.26.210.0-5.82.03
20124,594,00071,67429,18642,48815.66.49.2-4.61.98
20134,615,00068,95429,50439,45015.06.48.6-2.11.93
20144,645,00067,29529,25238,04314.66.48.21.11.89
20154,688,00065,53630,12735,40914.06.47.63.51.86
20164,740,00063,84130,39033,45113.56.57.23.81.82
20174,792,00061,82430,41831,40612.96.36.67.01.77
20184,857,00061,01631,11629,90012.66.46.27.11.75
20194,921,50059,29431,18428,11012.06.35.75.71.72
20204,977,40055,95931,76524,19411.26.44.82.11.63
20215,011,50060,57534,84425,73111.96.95.012.61.72
20225,149,13954,48335,80418,67910.56.93.610.01.62
20235,281,60054,67835,45919,21910.46.73.614.71.53[13]
20245,380,30054,06235,17318,88910.06.53.514.71.50
20255,458,60054,40035,80018,6009.96.63.410.9

Current vital statistics

[edit]
PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January – March 202413,4829,564+3,918
January – March 202513,66510,230+3,435
DifferenceIncrease +183 (+1.36%)Negative increase +666 (+6.96%)Decrease -483
Source:[14]

Total fertility rates by region

[edit]
2022[15]
RegionsTFR
Mid-East1.75
Border1.74
South-East1.74
Midland1.69
Northern and Western1.66
Mid-West1.66
Southern1.61
West1.60
Ireland1.54
South-West1.51
Eastern and Midland1.47
Dublin1.32

Structure of the population

[edit]
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.IV.2011):[16]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total2 272 6992 315 5534 588 252100
0–4182 076174 253356 3297.77
5–9164 037156 733320 7706.99
10–14155 076147 415302 4916.59
15–19144 262138 757283 0196.17
20–24146 636150 595297 2316.48
25–29173 714187 408361 1227.87
30–34194 774199 171393 9458.59
35–39182 237182 024364 2617.94
40–44166 330164 482330 8127.21
45–49151 516153 669305 1856.65
50–54136 737137 649274 3865.98
55–59122 121122 401244 5225.33
60–64109 869108 917218 7864.77
65–6986 29887 340173 6383.78
70–7463 47667 714131 1902.86
75–7946 63155 405102 0362.22
80–8428 42341 69070 1131.53
85–8913 59126 29639 8870.87
90–944 15510 72214 8770.32
95–996822 5813 2630.07
100+583313890.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14501 189478 401979 59021.35
15–641 528 1961 545 0733 073 26966.98
65+243 314292 079535 39311.67
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Data refer to usual resident population.):[16]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total2 477 8032 528 5215 006 324100
0–4155 762149 311305 0736.09
5–9173 176164 974338 1506.75
10–14182 865174 327357 1927.13
15–19164 643158 528323 1716.46
20–24156 739151 495308 2346.16
25–29146 911145 135292 0465.83
30–34155 831163 136318 9676.37
35–39181 494197 232378 7267.56
40–44195 943204 498400 4418.00
45–49179 647183 297362 9447.25
50–54160 508161 545322 0536.43
55–59145 919150 061295 9805.91
60–64130 499133 847264 3465.28
65–69112 741115 631228 3724.56
70–7494 77798 767193 5443.87
75–7967 51873 623141 1412.82
80–8440 94650 35091 2961.82
85–8920 87029 97750 8471.02
90–948 15115 39523 5460.47
95–992 2805 7968 0760.16
100+5831 5962 1790.04
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14511 803488 6121 000 41519.98
15–641 618 1341 648 7743 266 90865.26
65+347 866391 135739 00114.76

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Percentage of White Irish nationally and proportionally by county in Ireland in 2016
Ethnicity of Ireland over time (excluding Non-Stated)
Ethnic GroupYear
2006[17]2011[18]2016[18][19]2022[20]
Number%Number%Number%Number%
White: Total3,956,60994.84%4,264,46594.24%4,331,94092.37%4,444,14587.4%
White Irish3,645,19987.37%3,821,99584.46%3,854,22682.2%3,893,05676.5%
Irish Traveller22,3690.54%29,4950.65%30,9870.7%32,9490.65%
White Roma------16,0590.31%
Other White289,0416.93%412,9759.13%446,7279.5%502,0819.87%
Asian: Total52,3451.25%84,6901.87%98,7202.10%186,3213.7%
Chinese16,5330.40%17,8320.39%19,4470.4%26,8280.5%
Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi------94,4341.86%
Arab------20,1150.4%
Other Asian35,8120.86%66,8581.48%79,2731.7%44,9440.88%
Black: Total44,3181.06%65,0781.44%64,6391.38%76,2451.5%
Black Irish and Black African40,5250.97%58,6971.30%57,8501.24%67,5471.32%
Other Black3,7930.09%6,3810.14%6,7890.14%8,6990.17%
Other including Mixed------64,9921.28%
Not Stated118,7412.85%111,0482.45%194,6223.98%313,1766.16%
Total:4,172,013100%4,525,281100%4,689,921100%5,084,879100%
  • Population pyramids of ethnic groups within Ireland in 2022
  • White Irish
    White Irish
  • White Other
    White Other
  • Asian: Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi
    Asian: Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi
  • Asian: Chinese
    Asian: Chinese
  • Asian: Other
    Asian: Other
  • Black: Africans
    Black: Africans
  • Black: Other
    Black: Other
  • Not Stated
    Not Stated

Immigration

[edit]

Ireland's immigration history (and of one of a multi-ethnic society) is most of that of a country of emigration, remaining exclusively homogeneous for the vast majority of 20th century history, rather than one of net migration and increased ethnic and racial diversity.

However, from the 1990s, with the rise of the 'Celtic Tiger', the nation shifted to one of a net receiver of immigration at a rapid pace,[21][22] changing from one of the most 'homogeneous countries in the EU, to a country with a rate of change almost unparalleled in speed and scale'.[2] The Celtic Tiger economic boom saw a large expansion of the labour market, which contributed to the large increase of immigration towards the country, with the additionalenlargement of the European Union in 2004 andthe further 2007 enlargement contributing to increased levels of immigration.

Additionally, asylum seekers rose dramatically as well: from 364 in 1994 to 11,634 in 2002, before falling off towards the end of the decade.[21]

  • Net migration rate: 6.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)[23]
  • Country comparison to the world: 13th

Nationalities

[edit]

Ireland contains several immigrant communities, especially inDublin and other cities across the country. The largest immigrant groups, with over 10,000 people, beingPoles, British,Indians,Romanians,Lithuanians,Brazilians,Italians,Latvians,Spaniards,French,Croats,Americans,Chinese,Germans andUkrainians.

Citizenship[fn 2]2016[20]2022[20]
Number%Number%
Total Irish4,082,51387%4,283,49084%
Irish3,977,72985%4,112,89381%
Dual Irish104,7842%170,5973%
None/Other607,40813%801,38915%
Non-Irish535,47511%631,78512%
None/not stated71,9332%169,6043%
Total4,689,921100%5,084,879100%
Persons usually resident, by nationality[fn 3]
NationalityPopulation (2022)[24]
European UnionPoland93,680
United Kingdom83,347
India45,449
European UnionRomania43,323
European UnionLithuania31,177
Brazil27,338
European UnionItaly18,319
European UnionLatvia18,300
European UnionSpain17,953
European UnionFrance13,893
European UnionCroatia13,649
United States13,412
China13,050
European UnionGermany12,390
Ukraine11,791
European UnionHungary9,336
Pakistan9,309
European UnionSlovakia8,600
European UnionHungary8,503
Nigeria8,368
European UnionPortugal8,310
South Africa8,250
Philippines7,736
European UnionNetherlands4,670
European UnionCzech Republic4,530
European UnionBulgaria3,994
Canada3,528
Australia3,481
Malaysia3,407
Syria3,267
Moldova3,119

Nationality of mothers

[edit]

Of the 54,062 births in 2024, there were 39,024 babies (72.2%) born to mothers of Irish nationality compared to 45,381 (78%) in 2021. There were 7% of births to mothers of EU15 to EU27 nationality, 1.6% of mothers were of UK nationality, and 2.6% were of EU14 nationality (excluding Ireland). Mothers of nationalities other than Ireland, UK and the EU accounted for 16% of total births registered. There were 0.6% of mothers where the nationality was not stated.[25]

Migration data for Ireland, 1987-present

[edit]
Ireland Net Migration (thousands)
YearImmigrantsEmigrantsNet Migration
198717.240.2-23.0
198819.261.1-41.9
198926.770.6-43.9
199033.356.3-22.9
199133.335.3-2.0
199240.733.47.4
199334.735.1-0.4
199430.134.8-4.7
199531.233.1-1.9
199639.231.28.0
199744.525.319.2
199846.028.617.4
199948.931.517.3
200052.626.626.0
200159.026.232.8
200266.925.641.3
200360.029.330.7
200458.526.532.0
200584.629.455.1
2006107.836.071.8
2007151.146.3104.8
2008113.549.264.3
200973.772.01.6
201041.869.2-27.5
201153.380.6-27.4
201257.383.0-25.7
201362.781.3-18.7
201466.575.0-8.5
201575.970.05.9
201682.366.216.2
201795.356.139.2
201896.051.644.4
201997.153.144.0
202095.650.944.7
202174.152.321.8
2022107.856.151.7
2023141.664.077.7
2024149.269.979.3

[26]

Country of birth

[edit]

In 2022, 20% of the usually resident population in Ireland were born elsewhere, an increase of 3% since 2016. This represented 1,017,437 people, an increase of 207,031 from six years previously.

Persons usually resident, by country of birth[27]
Country19861991199620022006201120162022
EnglandWalesEngland and Wales128,668126,487139,330182,624200,488212,296203,188210,434
PolandEuropean UnionPoland−−−2,16762,495115,193115,161106,142
Northern Ireland36,53835,98639,56749,92849,17158,47057,38961,750
IndiaIndia−−−3,4029,19217,85620,96956,624
RomaniaEuropean UnionRomania−−−5,8388,49217,99528,70242,460
BrazilBrazil−−−1,2324,6669,29815,79639,556
LithuaniaEuropean UnionLithuania−−−2,12024,61134,84733,34434,242
United StatesUnited States15,35014,53315,61921,54124,64327,76228,65034,236
NigeriaNigeria−−−9,22516,32719,78016,56920,559
LatviaEuropean UnionLatvia−−−2,28113,85419,98918,99120,330
PhilippinesPhilippines−−−4,0869,42713,83314,72519,846
SpainEuropean UnionSpain1,1131,8012,1044,6326,1227,00311,80918,356
ScotlandScotland12,58611,37811,75115,96316,48817,87116,64416,869
ChinaChina−−−5,66911,02211,45811,26216,425
MoldovaMoldova−−−1,0322,2333,4216,47216,155
South AfricaSouth Africa−−−6,2607,5768,1168,08515,886
ItalyEuropean UnionItaly1,3141,5071,8443,7055,7057,14610,91315,689
UkraineUkraine−−−1,4853,3674,1234,62415,678
PakistanPakistan−−−3,3915,7578,32912,89115,185
FranceEuropean UnionFrance2,4604,5123,5936,7949,14510,08111,92414,821
GermanyEuropean UnionGermany3,8535,7926,3438,77011,54412,98012,96414,789
CroatiaEuropean UnionCroatia−−−−−9805,20212,743
SlovakiaEuropean UnionSlovakia−−−−8,1299,5379,44310,695
AustraliaAustralia−−−6,1076,4785,9646,7489,947
HungaryEuropean UnionHungary−−−3,2858,1297,4138,6488,634
RussiaRussia−−−2,5564,5115,9366,4147,900
CanadaCanada−−−4,0814,4924,8095,3147,122
PortugalEuropean UnionPortugal1241471925901,4962,2463,8665,987
NetherlandsEuropean UnionNetherlands1,8881,9852,4903,5124,2114,4994,7295,376
ZimbabweZimbabwe−−−1,4622,2302,7902,8115,246
Czech RepublicEuropean UnionCzech Republic−−−−5,2305,4944,9365,092
MalaysiaMalaysia−−−2,1953,3403,7824,0164,864
BulgariaEuropean UnionBulgaria−−−−−1,7832,9114,585
BangladeshBangladesh−−−−1,9242,9203,4104,388
TurkeyTurkey−−−−−1,3011,6074,086
SyriaSyria−−−−−3089203,922
MexicoMexico−−−−−8891,4763,364

Support and opposition

[edit]

Migrants are supported/represented by theImmigrant Council of Ireland,Irish Refugee Council,Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland,Nasc and the state'sIrish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.[28][29][30] They are managed by theInternational Protection Accommodation Service under theDepartment of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (DCEDIY) as well being policed by theGarda National Immigration Bureau.[31]

Some minor parties have voicedopposition to immigration in the country and its capability to continue to let refugees in; that "Ireland is full". They include theNational Party and theIrish Freedom Party.[32][33] In May 2023, a Red C/TheBusiness Post poll found that 75% of people thought that Ireland is taking in too many refugees.[34]

The DCEDIY projected a shortfall of 15,000 beds for refugees in December 2022 and admitted that there was mounting pressure to house 65,000 people.[35][36]

Approximately 7,400 refugee adults andchildren[37] were projected to be living in 38 "direct provision" centres across 17 counties in Ireland by the end of April 2020.[38] Thegovernment of Ireland have said that they project to end direct provision by 2024[39] and are looking towards alternative forms of accommodation.

Religion

[edit]
Main article:Religion in the Republic of Ireland § Demographics
Religions in Ireland (2022)[40]
  1. Catholicism (69.1%)
  2. Protestantism (4.60%)
  3. Eastern Orthodoxy (2.00%)
  4. Hinduism (0.60%)
  5. Islam (1.60%)
  6. No Religion or atheist (14.5%)
  7. Not stated (6.70%)

Ireland is a predominantly Christian country. The majority areCatholic; however, the number of people who declare themselvesCatholic has been declining in recent years.Irreligion has increased since 2016 with 14% declaring 'No Religion' in 2022, meaning this is the second largest religious affiliation in Ireland. Immigration has also brought other faiths, withIslam at 1.7%, or over 83,000 people. As well asHinduism, with 33,043 Hindus in the state.

Languages

[edit]
Main article:Languages of Ireland

English is the most commonly used language, with 84%[41] of the population calling it theirmother tongue. Irish is the first official language of the state, with 11%[41] calling it their mother tongue. Irish is the main language of theGaeltacht regions, where 102,973 people lived as of 2022. The main sign language used isIrish Sign Language.

Population of Ireland aged 3 or over by Irish usage
Frequency of Irish usage amongst Irish speakers20022006[42]2011[42]2016[43]2022[44]
Number% StatedNumber% StatedNumber% StatedNumber% StatedNumber% Stated
Speaks IrishDaily, Outside Education System––72,1481.8277,1851.8073,8031.6771,9681.55
Daily, Total339,5419.26525,35513.28596,36613.92632,41114.28625,93313.51
Total1,079,88029.441,214,31330.691,320,24430.831,330,41930.041,401,11030.24
Never speaks Irish459,65712.53415,47910.50438,78210.25418,4209.45472,88710.21
Frequency unknown31,3570.8526,9980.6815,4110.3512,5810.2845,3850.98
Ability in IrishNumber% StatedNumber% StatedNumber% StatedNumber% StatedNumber% Stated
Irish speakers1,570,89442.831,656,79041.871,774,43741.441,761,42039.771,873,99740.45
Non Irish-speakers2,097,26357.172,300,17458.132,507,31258.562,667,94560.232,759,02859.55
Total stated3,668,15797.793,956,96497.514,281,74997.974,429,36596.944,633,02593.11
Not stated82,8382.21100,6822.4988,8822.03139,8963.06342,6886.89
Total3,750,9954,057,6464,370,6314,569,2614,975,713
Languages in Ireland
LanguagePercent
English
 
84%
Irish
 
11%
Irish and English (bilingual)
 
1%
others
 
3%

Education

[edit]

Literacy rate;definition: age 15 and over who can read and write

total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education); total: 19 years

male: 19 years
female: 19 years (2016)

Employment and income

[edit]

For May 2025 the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was:

4.0% overall, down from a 4.1% in April 2025., and an annual basis, down from 4.4% in May 2024

3.9% for males, down from 4.0% in April 2025, and down from 4.4% in May 2024.

4.1% for females, down from 4.2% in April 2025, and down from 4.4% in May 2024.

10.9% for persons aged 15–24 years (youth unemployment rate) from a revised rate of 11.2% in April 2025.

Up to 3.1% for persons aged 25–74 years from 3.0% in April 2025.[45]

The median household disposable income in 2024 was €58,922, an increase of €3,773 (+6.8%) from the previous year. Disposable household income is gross household income less total tax, social insurance contributions, pension contributions and inter-household transfers paid.[46]

See also

[edit]
Life inIreland
Culture
Economy
General
Society
Politics
Policies

Groups:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and have been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and a reducing population.
  2. ^The 2022 Irish Census has swapped out the question regarding nationality with one regarding citizenship. Therefore the table states citizenship, as that is the data that the 2022 census has in comparison to the 2016 data.
  3. ^These statistics only show non-Irish citizens of the below countries that do not also have Irish citizenship. Individuals which have acquired Irish nationality are not counted under their nation's figures.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Irish population rose by record 3.5% last year, says European Commission".The Irish Times. Retrieved11 August 2024.
  2. ^abCensus.ie – Population of Ireland 1841 – 2006Archived 27 February 2015 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^Kiss, Monkia (March 2020).Demographic outlook for the European Union 2020(PDF).European Parliamentary Research Service (Report).
  4. ^"Irish population to hit 6.7m by 2060".RTÉ News. 26 August 2008 – via www.rte.ie.
  5. ^Irish Examiner –Baby boom as Irish births reach highest level since 1982Archived 8 September 2008 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 18 March 2012. Retrieved17 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^Barry, Aoife (28 June 2011)."Ireland has highest birth rate in the EU".
  8. ^"Population and migration estimates april 2017".
  9. ^"Populationand migration estimates April 2019". 27 August 2019.
  10. ^abcdefgMax Roser (2014),"Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries",Our World in Data,Gapminder Foundation
  11. ^"E3001: Enumerated Population 1926 to 2016 by Age Group, Sex and Census Year".Central Statistics Office. Retrieved14 October 2018.
  12. ^"Number of Births, Deaths and Marriages".Central Statistics Office. Retrieved15 June 2017.
  13. ^"Vital Statistics Yearly Summary 2023". Retrieved19 March 2025.
  14. ^"Births, Deaths and Marriages".Central Statistics Office. Retrieved29 August 2025.
  15. ^"Total fertility rate by NUTS 3 region".ec.europa.eu. Retrieved13 April 2025.
  16. ^ab"UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".unstats.un.org. Retrieved10 May 2023.
  17. ^"Volume 05 - Ethnic or Cultural Background"(PDF).
  18. ^ab"Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Irish Travellers"(PDF). 2017.Archived(PDF) from the original on 14 April 2017.
  19. ^"Ethnicity – CSO – Central Statistics Office".CSO. Retrieved25 August 2021.
  20. ^abc"Migration and Diversity - CSO - Central Statistics Office".CSO. 30 May 2023. Retrieved31 May 2023.
  21. ^abQuinn, Martin Ruhs, Emma (1 September 2009)."Ireland: From Rapid Immigration to Recession".migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved26 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^"Census of Population 2022 – Results".CSO. 30 May 2023.
  23. ^"Net migration rate".www.cia.gov. Retrieved11 April 2024.
  24. ^https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpsr/censusofpopulation2022-summaryresults/migrationanddiversity/ [archive]
  25. ^"Vital Statistics Yearly Summary". 23 May 2025.
  26. ^"Estimated Migration Data for Ireland". National Institute of Statistics Ireland. Retrieved19 April 2025.
  27. ^"Census 1986 Volume 8 - Persons, males and females in each province, classified by country of birth (PDF 61KB)"(PDF)."Census 1991 Volume 8 - Persons, males and females in each Province classified by country of birth (PDF 27KB)"(PDF)."Census 1996 VADR21 - Population Usually Resident"."Census 2002 - BDR21 - 2002 Population Usually Resident and Present in the State"."Census 2006 - C0429 - Population Usually Resident and Present in their Usual Residence on Census Night"."Census 2022 - FY016 - Population Usually Resident and Present in the State". Retrieved30 September 2023.
  28. ^"Vision & Mission".Immigrant Council of Ireland. Retrieved7 June 2020.
  29. ^"Irish Refugee Council".activelink. 16 February 2009. Retrieved5 June 2020.
  30. ^"Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland (MASI)".Irish Refugee Council. 12 April 2020. Retrieved4 June 2020.
  31. ^"International Protection Accommodation Services (IPAS)".gov.ie. 10 August 2021.
  32. ^McEnroe, Juno (18 November 2016)."National Party president wants immigrants to leave".Irish Examiner. Retrieved19 December 2022.
  33. ^Gallagher, Conor; Lally, Conor (24 February 2021)."Refugee tribunal member sues for defamation".The Irish Times. Retrieved19 December 2022.
  34. ^"Red C poll: Three out of four think Ireland has taken too many refugees".
  35. ^"Protest held over housing of asylum seekers in Dublin".RTÉ.ie. 19 November 2022. Retrieved5 December 2022.
  36. ^Malekmian, Shamim (30 November 2022)."How the Government Created an Opening for Anti-Immigration Activists to Exploit in East Wall".Dublin Inquirer. Retrieved5 December 2022.
  37. ^Mfaco, Bulelani (12 December 2020)."I live in direct provision. It's a devastating system – and it has thrown away millions".The Irish Times.Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved12 December 2020.
  38. ^Bulelani Mfaco (12 December 2020),"I live in direct provision. It's a devastating system – and it has thrown away millions",The Irish Times, retrieved12 December 2020
  39. ^Thomas, Cónal (26 February 2021)."State plans to end Direct Provision by 2024 and replace system with not-for-profit accommodation".TheJournal.ie. Retrieved16 April 2021.
  40. ^"Census 2022 Profile 5 - Diversity, Migration, Ethnicity, Irish Travellers & Religion".Central Statistics Office. 26 October 2023. Retrieved21 November 2023.
  41. ^abEurobarometer –Europeans and their languages
  42. ^ab"Census 2011 Profile 9 Statistical Table"(PDF).Ireland Central Statistics Office. Retrieved18 March 2025.
  43. ^"Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2016". Retrieved18 March 2025.
  44. ^"F8014: Irish speakers aged three years and over by sex, single year of age, level of Irish spoken and frequency of speaking Irish, 2022".Ireland Central Statistics Office. Retrieved18 March 2025.
  45. ^"Monthly Unemployment May 2025 - Central Statistics Office".www.cso.ie. 5 June 2025. Retrieved20 June 2025.
  46. ^"Household Income Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) 2024 - Central Statistics Office".www.cso.ie. 20 March 2025. Retrieved20 June 2025.

External links

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