Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Demographics of the Czech Republic

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Demographics of theCzech Republic
Czech Republicpopulation pyramid in 2024
PopulationDecrease 10,882,341 (1 July 2025)[1]
Growth rate0.004% (2020)[2]
Birth rateDecrease 9.5 births/1,000 population (2022)[2]
Death ratePositive decrease 11.4 deaths/1,000 population (2022)[2]
Life expectancy79.3 years (2020)[2]
 • male76.3 years (2020)[2]
 • female82.4 years (2020)[2]
Fertility rateDecrease 1.45 children born/woman (2023)
Infant mortality rate2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[2]
Net migration rate2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)[2]
Age structure
0–14 yearsDecrease 15.5 % (2024)
15–64 yearsIncrease 63.8 % (2024)
65 and overNegative increase 20.7 % (2024)
Sex ratio
Total0.97 male(s)/female (2018)[3]
Nationality
Nationality
  • noun: Czech(s)
  • adjective: Czech
Major ethnicCzech 64.3% (2011)[2][fn 1]
Minor ethnic
  • Moravian 5%
  • Slovak 1.4%
  • other 1.8%
  • unspecified 27.5%
  • (2011)[2]
Language
OfficialCzech
Spoken
  • Czech (official) 95.4%
  • Slovak 1.6%
  • other 3%
  • (2011 census)[2]

Demographic features of the population of theCzech Republic include population density,ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, and religious affiliations.

Population

[edit]
Population density in the Czech Republic bydistrict

With an estimated population of 10.5 million as of 2022, compared to 9.3 million at the beginning of the 20th century, the population growth of the Czech Republic has been limited, due to low fertility rates and loss of population in and around World Wars I and II. Population loss during World War I was approximately 350,000. At the beginning of World War II the population of the Czech Republic reached its maximum (11.2 million). Due to the expulsion of the German residents after World War II, the Czech Republic lost about 3 million inhabitants and in 1947 the population was only 8.8 million. Population growth resumed, and in 1994 the population was 10.33 million.

From 1994 to 2003 natural growth was slightly negative (−0.15% per year) and the population decreased to 10.2 million. Since 2005, natural growth has been positive, but in recent times the most important influence on the population of the Czech Republic has been immigration: approximately 300,000 during the 2010s.

  • One birth every 5 minutes
  • One death every 5 minutes
  • One net migrant every 44 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 131 minutes

The Czech Republic has a population density of about 134 inhabitants per square kilometre, which is above the European average. The areas with the lowest population density are located along the mountainous southwestern and southern borders of the country. These regions were significantly affected by the displacement of the German population after World War II.[4]

8.599.51010.51111.5189019201950198020102040millionCzech Republic Total Population-20-10010203040189019201950198020102040Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Czech Republic Population Change[5]

Total population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
17904,444,000—    
18004,659,000+4.8%
18104,870,000+4.5%
18205,272,791+8.3%
18305,996,778+13.7%
18406,378,071+6.4%
18506,826,465+7.0%
18607,277,801+6.6%
YearPop.±%
18697,617,230+4.7%
18808,222,013+7.9%
18908,665,421+5.4%
19009,372,214+8.2%
191010,078,637+7.5%
192110,009,587−0.7%
193010,674,386+6.6%
19508,896,133−16.7%
YearPop.±%
19619,571,531+7.6%
19709,807,697+2.5%
198010,291,927+4.9%
199110,302,215+0.1%
200110,230,060−0.7%
201110,436,560+2.0%
202110,524,167+0.8%
Since 1869, the data come from the censuses.
Source: Czech Demographic Handbook[6]

Life expectancy

[edit]
total population: 79.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 56th
male: 76.55 years
female: 82.61 years (2021 est.)

Death rate

10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 23rd

Averagelife expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[7]

Life expectancy since 1875
Life expectancy since 1960 by gender
PeriodLife expectancy
in years
1950–195566.86
1955–1960Increase 69.59
1960–1965Increase 70.35
1965–1970Decrease 69.99
1970–1975Increase 70.04
1975–1980Increase 70.64
1980–1985Increase 70.78
1985–1990Increase 71.46
1990–1995Increase 72.50
1995–2000Increase 74.23
2000–2005Increase 75.54
2005–2010Increase 76.98
2010–2015Increase 78.17

4050607080901920194019601980200020202040Life expectancy of both sexesLife expectancy of malesLife expectancy of femalesCzech Republic Life ExpectancyIMRyear05010015020025019001920194019601980200020202040Infant Mortality (per 1000 births)Czech Republic Infant Mortality

Fertility

[edit]

12345189019201950198020102040Total fertility rateCzech Republic TFR

Czech Republic total fertility rate by region (2014)[8]Birth rate :8.75 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 207thTotal fertility rate :1.83 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 205thMother's mean age at first birth :28.5 years (2019 est.)
  1.9 – 2.1
  1.7 – 1.9
  1.5 – 1.7
  1.4 – 1.5
  1.3 – 1.4
  < 1.3
Number of children by mother's age[9]

0369121518195019601970198019902000201020202030Share of teenage mothers (proportion of live births to mothers under 20)Czech Republic Share Of Teenage Mothers (%)

Population density and urban areas

[edit]
Main article:List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic
NamePopulation (2025)[10]Area (km²)Region
Prague1,397,880496Prague
Brno402,739230South Moravian
Ostrava283,187214Moravian-Silesian
Plzeň187,928138Plzeň
Liberec108,090106Liberec
Olomouc103,063103Olomouc

Age structure

[edit]

2020
0–14 years:15.17% (male 834,447 /female 789,328)
15–24 years:9.2% (male 508,329 /female 475,846)
25–54 years:43.29% (male 2,382,899 /female 2,249,774)
55–64 years:12.12% (male 636,357 /female 660,748)
65 years and over:20.23% (male 907,255 /female 1,257,515)

01020304050607080194019601980200020202040Population <15Population 15-64Population 65+Czech Republic Age Structure (%)0.750.80.850.90.9511.05194019601980200020202040Male(s)/female totalMale(s)/female <15Male(s)/female 15-64Male(s)/female 65+Czech Republic Sex Ratio

Median age

  • total: 43.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 28th
  • male: 42 years
  • female: 44.7 years (2020 est.)
  • Age structure over time
  • 1980
    1980
  • 1990
    1990
  • 1999
    1999
  • 2007
    2007
  • 2020
    2020

32343638404244194019601980200020202040millionCzech Republic Median Age

Vital statistics

[edit]
Live births and deaths in the Czech Republic

Source: Czech Demographic Handbook,[11] Czech Statistical Office – Data and time series[12]

Notable events in Czech demographics:

Average population (Mid-year)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration rate (per 1000)Total fertility rates[13]Female fertile population (15–49 years)[14]Migration change[15]Induced abortions[16]
19009,333,853335,441231,190104,25135.424.411.1-10.84.85
19019,404,689330,411224,151106,26034.623.511.2-3.84.76
19029,474,876338,746225,686113,06035.223.511.8-4.64.68
19039,545,134323,257221,682101,57533.322.910.6-3.34.6
19049,615,027324,295225,81798,47833.223.110.2-3.04.52
19059,684,512305,183236,32468,85931.024.17.10.14.44
19069,745,475318,287206,380111,90732.120.811.4-5.34.36
19079,824,544311,131214,30196,83031.221.49.8-1.84.27
19089,894,520313,417213,207100,21031.221.210.1-3.14.19
19099,964,789310,338213,33897,00030.621.19.7-2.74.11
191010,035,575300,362199,961100,40129.519.69.9-3.04.03
191110,099,152292,360208,05784,30328.620.48.3-2.13.92
191210,157,344283,527205,16578,36227.620.07.7-2.03.82
191310,221,343278,072192,33285,74026.918.68.3-2.13.71
191410,283,486257,265181,98175,28426.218.47.6-1.33.6
191510,285,882188,657193,900-5,24319.219.6-0.50.73.5
191610,221,815132,818179,796-46,97813.718.2-4.8-1.73.39
191710,128,304119,938182,554-62,61612.518.6-6.4-3.03.28
191810,004,335113,489227,729-114,24012.123.6-11.9-11.13.18
19199,921,710189,675177,42812,24719.117.91.2-9.53.07
19209,978,420244,668176,56268,10624.517.76.8-1.12.9642,787,978
192110,002,030257,281161,32195,96025.716.19.6-7.33.0352,810,061
192210,112,730248,728163,36685,36224.616.28.42.52.8822,852,697-14,842
192310,198,370241,230142,33598,89523.714.09.7-1.32.7682,884,554-10,930
192410,277,770228,894146,09882,79622.314.28.1-0.32.5902,914,672-7,856
192510,369,760225,555146,45079,10521.814.17.61.32.4842,950,835-8,720
192610,442,610219,802148,29871,50421.014.26.80.12.3922,980,498-6,488
192710,495,940208,711155,47953,23219.914.85.10.02.2373,007,055-5,501
192810,549,221208,942147,06461,87819.813.95.9-0.82.2093,032,177-6,634
192910,597,761203,064155,49347,57119.214.74.50.12.1243,051,531-5,440
193010,648,057207,224142,15965,06519.513.46.1-1.42.1493,057,394-4,948
193110,702,208196,214144,53451,68018.313.54.80.22.0263,043,805-3,105
193210,750,003190,397142,99747,40017.713.34.40.01.9663,017,535-1,246
193310,791,313176,201140,90635,29516.313.13.30.61.8262,987,230-211
193410,826,082171,042135,91435,12815.812.63.20.01.7742,971,471-1,069
193510,853,125161,748140,87820,87014.913.01.9061.6782,979,846-1,044
193610,872,519157,992139,09318,89914.512.81.70.01.6643,001,262-1,538
193710,888,540155,996139,55816,43814.312.81.50.01.6903,024,902-2,997
193810,877,442163,525143,11520,41015.013.21.9-2.91.847
193911,105,990192,344146,97645,36817.313.24.116.81.916
194011,159,539218,043153,49964,54419.513.85.8-1.02.195
194111,129,373208,913152,04856,86518.813.75.1-7.82.279
194211,054,018199,259153,09646,16318.013.84.2-10.92.422
194311,034,846225,379153,34972,03020.413.96.5-8.32.784
194411,109,341230,183161,45768,72620.714.56.20.52.796
194510,692,912194,182184,9449,23818.217.30.9-45.82.6732,160,614
19469,523,266210,454134,56875,88622.114.18.0-116.53.2542,213,164
19478,765,230206,745105,277101,46823.612.011.6-90.33.0502,414,19149,731
19488,893,104197,837101,50196,33622.211.410.83.62.8862,410,762720
19498,892,613185,484104,63280,85220.911.89.1-9.12.7282,364,1983,202
19508,925,122188,341103,20385,13821.111.69.5-5.92.8012,327,18116,784
19519,023,170185,570102,65882,91220.611.49.21.72.7632,310,54712,910
19529,125,183180,14397,72682,41719.910.89.02.22.7012,292,96021,022
19539,220,908172,54798,83773,71018.910.88.02.42.6112,276,09711,325
19549,290,617168,40299,63668,76618.310.87.40.12.5812,258,979-2,376
19559,365,969165,87493,30072,57417.910.17.70.32.5782,249,2313,437
19569,442,040162,50993,52668,98317.410.07.30.82.5682,242,2276,176
19579,513,758155,42998,68756,74216.610.56.01.62.4952,235,8916,832
19589,574,650141,76293,69748,06515.09.95.01.32.3052,235,1436,11849,035
19599,618,554128,98297,15931,82313.610.33.31.32.1212,236,8488,05461,914
19609,659,818128,87993,86335,01613.69.93.60.62.1132,238,4146,52167,550
19619,588,016131,01994,97336,04613.79.93.8-11.22.1332,233,2244,91170,062
19629,621,808133,557104,31829,23913.910.83.00.52.1402,250,3205,82366,031
19639,668,741148,840100,12948,71115.410.45.0-0.22.3322,267,9338,27751,470
19649,730,019154,420101,98452,43615.910.55.40.92.3562,283,3524,81451,525
19659,785,102147,438105,10842,33015.110.74.31.32.1782,307,5983,52858,554
19669,826,188141,162105,78435,37814.410.83.60.62.012,348,0382,12765,818
19679,854,241138,448108,96729,48114.111.13.0-0.11.902,394,485-3,26769,850
19689,877,632137,437115,19522,24213.911.72.30.11.832,441,326-1,56272,488
19699,896,695143,165120,65322,51214.512.22.3-0.31.862,474,842-2,72474,263
19709,805,157147,865123,32724,53815.112.62.5-11.71.912,459,252-4,35071,893
19719,830,602154,180122,37531,80515.712.53.2-0.61.982,458,4692,49068,652
19729,868,379163,661119,20544,45616.612.14.5-0.72.072,457,9522,88465,079
19739,919,519181,750124,43757,31318.312.55.8-0.62.292,452,9064,61555,898
19749,994,761194,215126,80967,40619.412.76.70.82.432,446,0243,05256,969
197510,062,366191,776124,31467,46219.112.46.70.02.402,435,9212,40155,511
197610,128,220187,378125,23262,14618.512.46.10.42.362,428,0192,63056,889
197710,189,312181,763126,21455,54917.812.45.50.52.322,423,6561,30761,114
197810,245,686178,901127,13651,76517.512.45.10.52.322,424,5802,06463,904
197910,296,489172,112127,94944,16316.712.44.30.62.292,430,9462,49464,505
198010,326,792153,801135,53718,26415.013.21.81.22.102,435,4371,85668,930
198110,303,208144,438130,40714,03114.012.71.4-3.62.022,429,2951,71771,574
198210,314,321141,738130,76510,97313.712.71.10.02.012,431,1781,74874,574
198310,322,823137,431134,4742,95713.313.00.30.51.962,436,2052,38375,037
198410,330,481136,941132,1884,75313.312.80.50.31.972,445,9792,62179,534
198510,336,742135,881131,6414,24013.112.70.40.61.962,459,5862,19583,042
198610,340,737133,356132,58577112.912.80.10.31.942,477,7913,01383,564
198710,348,834130,921127,2443,67712.712.30.40.41.912,501,5312,721109,626
198810,356,359132,667125,6946,97312.812.10.70.11.942,529,4582,544113,730
198910,362,257128,356127,74760912.412.30.10.51.872,562,5921,459111,683
199010,362,740130,564129,1661,39812.612.50.1-0.11.892,594,107624111,268
199110,308,682129,354124,2905,06412.512.10.5-5.71.862,605,2482,876106,042
199210,317,807121,705120,3371,36811.811.70.10.81.712,629,30311,78194,180
199310,330,607121,025118,1852,84011.711.40.31.21.672,647,7845,47670,634
199410,336,162106,579117,373-10,79410.311.4-1.01.61.442,659,3579,94254,836
199510,330,75996,097117,913-21,8169.311.4-2.11.61.282,666,2019,99949,531
199610,315,35390,446112,782-22,3368.810.9-2.20.71.192,658,88210,12948,086
199710,303,64290,657112,744-22,0878.810.9-2.11.01.172,642,18112,07545,022
199810,294,94390,535109,527-18,9928.810.6-1.81.01.162,625,5949,48842,959
199910,282,78489,471109,768-20,2978.710.7-2.00.81.132,609,8898,77439,382
200010,272,50390,910109,001-18,0918.810.6-1.80.81.142,595,1956,53934,623
200110,224,19290,715107,755-17,0408.910.5-1.7-4.51.142,568,283-8,55132,528
200210,200,77492,786108,243-15,4579.110.6-1.5-0.81.172,548,02412,29031,142
200310,201,65193,685111,288-17,6039.210.9-1.71.81.182,534,91525,78929,298
200410,206,92397,664107,177-9,5139.610.5-0.91.41.232,525,68418,63527,574
200510,234,092102,211107,938-5,72710.010.5-0.63.21.282,519,44036,22926,453
200610,266,646105,831104,4411,39010.310.20.13.21.332,516,41134,72025,352
200710,322,689114,632104,6369,99611.110.11.04.51.442,519,71183,94525,414
200810,429,692119,570104,94814,62211.510.11.48.91.502,535,68871,79025,760
200910,491,492118,348107,42110,92711.310.21.04.91.492,541,78028,34424,636
201010,517,247117,153106,84410,30911.210.21.01.51.492,537,26215,64823,998
201110,496,672108,673106,8481,82510.410.20.2-2.11.432,501,06216,88924,055
201210,509,286108,576108,18938710.310.30.01.21.452,484,72710,29323,032
201310,510,719106,751109,160-2,40910.210.4-0.20.41.462,461,864-1,29722,714
201410,524,783109,860105,6654,19510.410.00.40.91.532,437,30121,66121,893
201510,542,942110,764111,173-40910.510.5-0.01.81.572,414,15215,97720,403
201610,565,284112,663107,7504,91310.710.20.51.71.632,395,53920,06320,406
201710,589,526114,405111,4432,96210.810.50.32.01.692,379,74728,27319,415
201810,626,430114,036112,9201,11610.710.60.13.41.712,369,52038,62918,298
201910,669,324112,231112,362-13110.510.5-0.04.01.712,361,16344,27017,751
202010,700,155110,200129,289-19,08910.312.1-1.84.71.712,352,62126,92716,886
202110,500,850111,793139,891-28,09810.613.3-2.6-16.01.832,269,15049,96915,492
202210,759,525101,299120,219-18,9209.511.4-1.826.41.642,345,977329,74216,438
202310,878,04291,149112,795-21,6468.410.4-2.013.01.452,379,98394,67215,088
202410,886,53184,311112,211-27,9007.710.3-2.63.31.372,359,08536,845
2025(e)10,886,87877,000112,000-35,0007.110.3-3.21.27

Current vital statistics

[edit]
PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January–September 202464,46882,898–18,430
January–September 202558,68983,782–25,093
DifferenceDecrease –5,779 (-8.96%)Negative increase +884 (+1.07%)Negative increase –6,663
Source:[17]
  • Deaths January–October 2024 =Positive decrease 92,859
  • Deaths January–October 2025 =Positive decrease 92,519[18]

NumberDate-200,000-100,0000100,000200,000300,000400,000190019231946196919922015BirthsDeathsNatural ChangeCzech Republic Natural Population Change

Vital statistics by region

[edit]
RegionPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rates
Prague1,387,35412,08511,7922938.78.50.21.28
Central Bohemian1,459,62510,98113,754-2,7737.59.4-1.91.38
South Bohemian653,1205,0826,938-1,8567.810.6-2.81.45
Plzeň611,6014,5796,256-1,6877.510.2-2.71.33
Karlovy Vary293,2791,8143,401-1,5876.211,6-5.41.15
Ústí nad Labem809,0616,1329,493-3,3617.611.7-4.11.41
Liberec449,3773,2534,730-1,4777.210.5-3.31.34
Hradec Králové555,4674,1425,882-1,7407.510.6-3.11.41
Pardubice529,5034,2015,442-1,2417.910.3-2.41.45
Vysočina516,9734,1845,408-1,2248.110.5-2.41.50
South Moravian1,225,8889,86812,239-2,3718.010.0-2.01.40
Olomouc631,4534,9436,967-2,0247.811.0-3.21.46
Zlín579,1684,4476,306-1,8597.710.9-3.21.45
Moravian-Silesian1,184,6628,61013,603-4,9937.311.5-4.21.35
Note: data shown in the table are for 2024.
Source:[19]

Total fertility rate by district

[edit]
2024
DistrictsTFR
Benešov District1.46
Beroun District1.28
Kladno District1.32
Kolín District1.42
Kutná Hora District1.38
Mělník District1.34
Mladá Boleslav District1.26
Nymburk District1.56
Prague-East District1.38
Prague-West District1.36
Příbram District1.45
Rakovník District1.39
České Budějovice District1.49
Český Krumlov District1.42
Jindřichův Hradec District1.43
Písek District1.40
Prachatice District1.43
Strakonice District1.49
Tábor District1.42
Domažlice District1.39
Klatovy District1.36
Plzeň-City District1.29
Plzeň-South District1.47
Plzeň-North District1.44
Rokycany District1.23
Tachov District1.19
Cheb District1.08
Karlovy Vary District1.13
Sokolov District1.27
Děčín District1.38
Chomutov District1.43
Litoměřice District1.43
Louny District1.40
Most District1.46
Teplice District1.39
Ústí nad Labem District1.41
Česká Lípa District1.36
Jablonec nad Nisou District1.36
Liberec District1.30
Semily District1.38
Hradec Králové District1.42
Jičín District1.43
Náchod District1.37
Rychnov nad Kněžnou District1.47
Trutnov District1.38
Chrudim District1.43
Pardubice District1.40
Svitavy District1.56
Ústí nad Orlicí District1.45
Havlíčkův Brod District1.49
Jihlava District1.43
Pelhřimov District1.45
Třebíč District1.55
Žďár nad Sázavou District1.57
Blansko District1.50
Brno-City District1.36
Brno-Country District1.41
Břeclav District1.30
Hodonín District1.43
Vyškov District1.50
Znojmo District1.49
Jeseník District1.41
Olomouc District1.45
Prostějov District1.47
Přerov District1.45
Šumperk District1.51
Kroměříž District1.56
Uherské Hradiště District1.45
Vsetín District1.39
Zlín District1.45
Bruntál District1.26
Frýdek-Místek District1.34
Karviná District1.33
Nový Jičín District1.39
Opava District1.47
Ostrava-City District1.33
Czech Republic1.37

Structure of the population

[edit]
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2011):[20]
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 168 7995 363 97110 532 770100
0–4296 944282 591579 5355.50
5–9249 218235 846485 0644.61
10–14233 025220 518453 5434.31
15–19298 949283 701582 6505.53
20–24355 493336 516692 0096.57
25–29386 426360 070746 4967.09
30–34461 410434 976896 3868.51
35–39456 642432 290888 9328.44
40–44361 605343 287704 8926.69
45–49354 342342 339696 6816.61
50–54336 194336 351672 5456.39
55–59367 638386 703754 3417.16
60–64352 692391 178743 8707.06
65–69249 700302 420552 1205.24
70–74163 508220 319383 8273.64
75–79122 317191 050313 3672.98
80–8479 882152 084231 9662.20
85–8934 87786 898121 7751.16
90–946 45319 43125 8840.25
95–991 2774 7276 0040.06
100+207676883<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14779 187738 9551 518 14214.41
15–643 731 3913 647 4117 378 80270.06
65+658 221977 6051 635 82615.53
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021):[20]
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 275 1035 426 67410 701 777100
0–4290 444276 818567 2625.30
5–9285 498271 459556 9575.20
10–14304 995290 527595 5225.56
15–19252 007238 443490 4504.58
20–24245 786232 124477 9104.47
25–29320 181300 744620 9255.80
30–34370 523348 408718 9316.72
35–39389 652363 658753 3107.04
40–44460 462432 859893 3218.35
45–49452 969429 617882 5868.25
50–54352 166338 917691 0836.46
55–59336 205333 528669 7336.26
60–64304 764320 701625 4655.84
65-69313 014359 404672 4186.28
70-74274 177347 000621 1775.80
75-79170 104247 097417 2013.90
80-8490 188153 949244 1372.28
85-8944 75993 731138 4901.29
90-9414 78439 02753 8110.50
95-992 1778 06610 2430.10
100-1042215307510.01
105-109276794<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14880 937838 8041 719 74116.07
15–643 484 7153 338 9996 823 71463.76
65+909 4511 248 8712 158 32220.17

Education

[edit]

Literacy

[edit]

definition: NA

total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2011 est.)

Employment and income

[edit]

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

[edit]
Total: 8%. Country comparison to the world: 155th
Male: 7.2%
Female: 9.2% (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups

[edit]

The majority of the 10.5 million inhabitants of the Czech Republic are ethnically and linguisticallyCzech (95%). They are descendants ofSlavic people from the Black Sea-Carpathian region who settled in Bohemia, Moravia and parts of present-day Austria in the 6th century AD. Otherethnic groups includeGermans,Romani people,Poles, andHungarians. Historical minorities like Germans and Poles are declining due toassimilation. There is also a growing community fromVietnam. Other ethnic communities likeGreeks,Turks, Italians, andYugoslavs are found in Prague. Since thedissolution of Czechoslovakia,Slovaks living in the Czech Republic have comprised roughly 3% of the population.

There are different groups of national and ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic. The only "old minority" isPoles in theTrans-Olza region, while the "new minorities" are scattered among the majority population (generally in the larger towns). While some of the minorities have the whole social structure of Czech society[clarification needed] (Poles,Slovaks,Greeks andUkrainians), other represent only some of the social groups (i.e. Russian newcomers of middle class, andRomani people who generally represent the underclass).[21]

1880–1910

[edit]
Population of Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia by language[22]
Language1880189019001910
Czech62.5%62.4%62.4%62.9%
German35.8%35.6%35.1%34.6%
Polish1.0%1.2%1.6%1.6%
Other0.7%0.8%0.9%0.9%
Total population8,222,0138,665,4219,372,14010,078,637

After World War I

[edit]
Population of the Czech Republic according to ethnic group 1921–2021
Ethnic
group		census 19211census 1930census 1950census 1961census 1970census 1980census 1991census 2001census 2011[23]census 2021
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Czechs6,758,98367.57,304,58868.38,343,55893.99,023,50194.29,270,61794.49,733,92594.68,363,76881.29,249,77790.56,732,10463.76,415,10461.0
Moravians1,362,31313.2380,4743.7522,4744.9556,6415.3
Silesians44,4460.410,8780.112,2310.131,3010.3
Slovaks15,7320.244,4510.4258,0252.9275,9972.9320,9983.3359,3703.5314,8773.1193,1901.9149,1401.4162,5781.5
Poles103,5211.092,6890.970,8160.866,5400.764,0740.766,1230.659,3830.651,9680.539,2690.438,2180.4
Germans3,061,36930.63,149,82029.5159,9381.8134,1431.480,9030.858,2110.648,5560.539,1060.418,7720.324,6320.2
Ukrainians13,3430.122,6570.219,3840.219,5490.29,7940.110,2710.18,2200.122,1120.253,6030.592,8920.9
Rusyns1,9260.01,1060.07390.01,9040.0
Russians6,6190.15,0510.05,0620.012,3690.118,0210.234,5060.3
Vietnamese4210.017,4620.229,8250.338,7230.4
Hungarians7,0490.111,4270.113,2010.115,1520.218,4720.219,6760.219,9320.214,6720.19,0490.111,2530.1
Romani people[24]2270.019,7700.219,3920.232,9030.311,7460.15,1990.021,6910.2
Jews35,6990.437,0930.42180.05210.02,3490,0
Yugoslavs4,7490.03,9570.03,3860.0
Romanians9660.03,2050.01,0340.01,2380.01,9210.05,9690,0
Others/undeclared10,0380.15,7190.111,4410.110,0950.136,2200.439,3000.439,1290.4220,6602.62,739,488126.0
Total10,005,73410,674,3868,896,1339,571,5319,807,69710,291,92710,302,21510,230,06010,436,56010,524,167
1 On the territory of the census date.

1 In 2011 a large part of the population did not claim any ethnicity, before the census it was widely mediatized that the question is not mandatory. The vast majority of those who did so are presumed to be ethnic Czechs, number of whom dropped by roughly the same amount that the number of undeclared people rose, circa 2.5 million.

  • Czechs in 1991
    Czechs in 1991
  • Czechs in 2001
    Czechs in 2001
  • Czechs in 2011
    Czechs in 2011

The legal position of the minorities is defined foremost in the Act No. 273/2001 Coll. (The Rights of the Minorities Act) which implements theCharter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms,Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities andRecommendation of theCouncil of Europe No. 1201. There is a number of other enactments which to lesser extent deal with the minorities.

A special situation applies in the case ofMoravians andSilesians, who are frequently allocated within the group of Czechs when it comes to the statistical data.

Officially recognized minorities

[edit]
Main articles:Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia,Croats in the Czech Republic,Germans in the Czech Republic,Greeks in the Czech Republic,Polish minority in the Czech Republic,Roma in the Czech Republic,Slovaks in the Czech Republic,Ukrainians in the Czech Republic, andVietnamese people in the Czech Republic
See also:Minority languages of the Czech Republic

Minorities, which "traditionally and on a long term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic" enjoy some privileges. As of 2022 there are 14 such officially recognized minorities, which are (alphabetically):Belarusians,Bulgarians,Croatians,Germans,Greeks,Hungarians,Poles,Romani people,Russians,Rusyns,Serbs,Slovaks,Ukrainians andVietnamese.[25]

Citizens belonging to the officially recognized minorities enjoy the right to "use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law". Article 25 of the CzechCharter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms provides the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) provides that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency does not have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.

Bulgarians

Main article:Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia

The economic migration of Bulgarians to the Czech Republic began in the 1990s. 4,363 citizens claimed to have Bulgarian nationality in the 2001 census. They mostly live in the large cities and towns, such asPrague,Brno,Ostrava,Karlovy Vary,Kladno,Ústí nad Labem,Děčín, andHavířov. Nowadays the newcomers from Bulgaria aim for these areas in particular, where they can join an already established community. Many of these economic immigrants have dual citizenship of both the Czech Republic and Bulgaria. However most of the recent immigrants still only have Bulgarian citizenship.

The Bulgarian Cultural Organisation publishes the magazineRoden Glas, while a folklore organisationKytka promotes traditional Bulgarian dances. Among other organisations arePirin,Zaedno,Vazraždane andHyshove.[26]

As an officially recognized minority the Bulgarian citizens of the Czech Republic enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in the courts of law. They also enjoy a number of other rights connected to the status of recognized minority, e.g. the right to education in their own language: the first Bulgarian school in the current Czech Republic was established in 1946 in Prague.

Germans

Main article:Germans in the Czech Republic
Czech districts with 50% or more ethnic German population[27] in 1935

The German minority of the Czech Republic, historically the largest minority of the country, was almost entirely removed when 3 million wereforcibly expelled in 1945–46 on the basis of thePotsdam Agreement. The constitution guarantees rights for minority languages, however there are 13 municipalities with German minority constituting 10% of population, which qualifies for such provisions.[28] There is no bilingual education system in Western and Northern Bohemia, where the German minority is mostly concentrated. However, this is in large part due to the absence of German-speaking youth, a heritage of the post-war policy of the Communist government.

According to the 2001 census there remain 13 municipalities and settlements in the Czech Republic with more than 10% Germans.[28]

Many[citation needed] representatives of expellees' organizations support the erection of bilingual signs in all formerly German-speaking territory as a visible sign of thebilingual linguistic andcultural heritage of the region, but their efforts are not supported by some of the current inhabitants, as the vast majority of the current population is not of German descent.

The German-Czech Declaration of 21 January 1997 covered the two most critical issues—the role of someSudeten Germans in the breakup of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and theirexpulsion after World War II.[29]

Greeks

Main article:Greeks in the Czech Republic

Another influential minority areGreeks. Large numbers of Greeks arrived inCzechoslovakia during the end of theGreek Civil War. The first transports of Greek children arrived in 1948 and 1949. Later, more transports, also including adults, arrived.[30] They were partly leftists, communists and guerillas with their relatives, hence the willingness of Czechoslovak government to allow the immigration.[31] This was viewed rather as a temporary solution. After the defeat of DSE and other left-wing guerillas, the Greeks stayed in Czechoslovakia. In total more than 12,000 Greeks immigrated to Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1950.[31] Today, there are about 7000 Greeks in the country (3219 according to 2001 census data),[31] mostly in the 3 biggest towns –Prague,Brno,Ostrava – and also inBohumín,Havířov,Jeseník,Karviná,Krnov,Šumperk,Třinec,Vrbno pod Pradědem andŽamberk (apart from the last one these towns are inSilesia).[32]

Poles

Main article:Polish minority in the Czech Republic

The most concentrated linguistic minority in the Czech Republic are ethnicPoles, historically the plurality, today constituting about 10% of the population ofKarviná andFrýdek-Místek districts. Poles have the right to use their language in official dealings; the public media (Czech TV andCzech Radio) regularly broadcast in Polish; and there are many Polish primary and secondary schools in the area. The Polish minority has been decreasing substantially since World War II as education in Polish was difficult to obtain, while Czech authorities did not permit bilingual signs to maintain Polish awareness among the population.

The erection of bilingual signs has technically been permitted since 2001, if a minority constitutes 10% of the population of a municipality. The requirement that a petition be signed by the members of minority was cancelled, thus simplifying the whole process.[33] Still, only a couple of villages with large Polish minorities have bilingual signs (Vendryně/Wędrynia for instance).

Romanis

Main article:Romani people in the Czech Republic

Another minority is theRoma, who nonetheless have very little influence on Czech policy. Around 90% of the Roma that lived in the Czech Republic prior to World War II were exterminated by theNaziPorajmos. The Roma there now are 80% post-war immigrants from Slovakia or Hungary, or the descendants thereof. In total, the Roma in the CR now number around 200,000.[34] There is Romani press in the CR, written in both Czech andRomani, but Romani radio is broadcast in Czech and there is no Romani television. Romani is also absent from legislative, judiciary, and other political texts but it has recently entered some university and elementary school courses.Life expectancy,literacy,median wage, school enrolment, and other socio-economic markers remain low while Roma compose the majority of prison and habitual offender populations despite accounting for only a fraction of a percent of Czech population.[35]

Immigration

[edit]
Foreign population in the Czech Republic in 2018

According to the Czech Statistical Office as of 31 December 2020 there were 632,570 legal foreign residents in the Czech Republic (5.1% of the total population).[36] Residents fromUkraine are the largest group (165,356), followed by residents ofSlovakia (124,544). There are also Asian immigrant communities in the Czech Republic. The largest is theVietnamese one (62,842) followed by the Mongolians (10,135) and the Chinese (7,940). During the communist era the governments of Czechoslovakia andVietnam had a deal concerning the education of Vietnamese people in Czechoslovakia. Vietnamese people came to Czechoslovakia for the first time in 1956 and then the number of new migrants grew until the fall of communism. First generation Vietnamese work mostly as small-scale businessmen in markets. Still, many Vietnamese are without Czech citizenship. One of the towns with the largest Vietnamese communities isCheb. Other large immigrant groups come from Russia (41,692),Poland (20,733), Germany (20,861),Bulgaria (17,917) andRomania (18,396).

Czech Republic Net migration data

[edit]
YearNet Migration
200212,290
200325,789
200418,635
200536,229
200634,720
200783,945
200886,412
200928,344
201015,648
201116,889
201210,293
2013-1,297
201421,661
201515,977
201620,064
201728,273
Migration statistics for the Czech Republic (2017–2024)
YearImmigrantsEmigrantsNet migration
201745,95717,68428,273
201858,14819,51938,629
201965,57121,30144,270
202055,66128,73426,927
202169,20119,23249,969
2022349,54819,806329,742
2023141,26346,59194,672
2024121,82384,97836,845

[37]

Recent trends

[edit]
Countries with at least 1,000 people, immigrating each year.[38][39]
Country201620172018
UkraineUkraine5,77810,34016,747
SlovakiaSlovakia6,7066,3286,671
Russia Russia2,4042,8913,388
VietnamVietnam1,7522,1962,264
RomaniaRomania1,6481,8292,184
BulgariaBulgaria1,3311,6201,977
MongoliaMongolia7091,1651,498
HungaryHungary9111,2381,330
BelarusBelarus4216571,145
China China5518231,123
United States United States1,0631,0731,101
SerbiaSerbia2304141,041
Total37,50345,95758,148

Foreign-born population

[edit]
Largest groups of foreign residents
NationalityPopulation
(31 December 2024)[40]
Ukraine589,456
European UnionSlovakia121,472
Vietnam69,015
Russia38,970
European UnionRomania21,049
European UnionBulgaria17,733
European UnionPoland17,733
Mongolia14,072
European UnionGermany11,768
European UnionHungary11,650
United States10,475
India10,431
Philippines10,418
Kazakhstan10,243
China9,927
Moldova8,114
United Kingdom7,817
Belarus7,494
European UnionItaly6,312
Serbia6,010
Turkey5,857
European UnionFrance4,114
Uzbekistan3,748
European UnionCroatia3,241
South Korea3,032
North Macedonia2,846
See also

Languages

[edit]
Further information:Minority languages of the Czech Republic
The most commonly known foreign languages in the Czech Republic in 2005. According to Eurostat[41]

TheCzech language (divided into three dialects inBohemia, fourdialects in Moravia, and two dialects inCzech Silesia) is the official language of the state. There is also the transitionalCieszyn Silesian dialect as well as thePolish language inCieszyn Silesia, both spoken in Czech Silesia. Various Sudeten German dialects are currently practically extinct: present Czech Germans speak mainly Czech and/orStandard German.Czech Sign Language is the language of most of the deaf community.

The Czech Republicofficially recognizes a series of minorities who have legal status and may use their own language to conduct official business, which results in a series ofminority languages that may be used officially by members of the recognized minority groups.

Religion

[edit]
Main article:Religion in the Czech Republic
Religious structure in 1991, 2001 and 2011.
Religious affiliations in the Czech Republic, census 1991–2011[42][43][44][45]
1991200120112021p
number%number%number%number%
Roman Catholic Church4,021,38539.02,740,78026.81,082,46310.4741,0197.0
Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren203,9962.0117,2121.151,8580.532,5770.3
Czechoslovak Hussite Church178,0361.799,1031.039,2290.423,6100.2
Believers identified with another specific religion120,3171.7330,9933.2290,0342.8577,0795.5
Believers not identified with any specific religion705,3686.8960,2019.1
No religion4,112,86439.96,039,99159.03,612,80434.25,024,41647.7
No response, unknown1,665,61716.2901,9818.84,774,32345.23,167,77430.1
Total population10,302,21510,230,06010,436,56010,524,167

The 2021 census did not contain list of religious organisations and they had to be written by the respondent (unlike in the previous ones). Therefore another 231 thousand people responded withcatholicism or similar response, 71 thousand people identified simply withChristianity and 27 thousand people claimed to beprotestants orevangelicals. Moreover, after doubling their followers the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia was the 2nd strongest church in 2021 census with 40,681 faithful.

Almost half (45.2%) of the Czech population prefer not to respond to religious questions in the Census. Others claim to haveno religion or that they are withoutreligious affiliation (34.2%). In comparison, one in every five claims to have some personal belief (20.6%).

The largest denominations areRoman Catholicism, estimated at 10.3% of the population,Protestant (0.5%),Hussites (0.4%). Other organized religions, including non-organized believers, totalled about (9.4%) (as of Census 2011).

According to theEurobarometer Poll 2005,[46] 19% of Czech citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 50% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 30% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force"; the percentage of believers is thus the lowest of EU countries afterEstonia with 16%.[47]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^In 2011 a large part of the population did not claim any ethnicity, before the census it was widely mediatized that the question is not mandatory. The vast majority of those who did so are presumed to be ethnic Czechs, number of whom dropped by roughly the same amount that the number of undeclared people rose, circa 2.5 million. If the percentage of those who did not answer the question is added to the total percentage Czech amount, the total percentage of Czech's is estimated to be 89.7% of the population.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Population of Municipalities - as at 1 January 2024".Population of Municipalities - as at 1 January 2024. Retrieved21 May 2024.
  2. ^abcdefghijk"EUROPE :: CZECHIA".CIA.gov.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved9 February 2020.
  3. ^"Zaostřeno na ženy a muže – 2019".CZSO.cz.Czech Statistical Office.
  4. ^Nováček, Aleš; Kubeš, Jan; Klučka, Štěpán (2024)."Long-term population development of the South Bohemian municipalities from 1869 to 2021 in the perspective of selected factors".Geographical Journal.76 (3):265–278. Retrieved7 January 2026.
  5. ^Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
  6. ^"Czech Demographic Handbook – 2022: Tables 1-3, 1-12".Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved18 December 2023.
  7. ^"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations".esa.un.org. Retrieved26 August 2018.
  8. ^"Total fertility rate by NUTS 3 region". Eurostat.
  9. ^"Průměrný věk rodičů" [Average age of parents in the Czech Republic].www.kurzy.cz (in Czech).
  10. ^"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025".Czech Statistical Office. 16 May 2025.
  11. ^"Czech Demographic Handbook – 2022: Tables 1-4, 1-5".Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved18 December 2023.
  12. ^"Data and time series".Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved21 July 2024.
  13. ^Max Roser (2014),"Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries",Our World in Data,Gapminder Foundation
  14. ^"Demografická příručka - 2023".Produkty (in Czech). Retrieved7 March 2025.
  15. ^"Czech Statistical Office – Population". Czech Statistical Office.
  16. ^"Czech Statistical Office – Population". Czech Statistical Office.
  17. ^"Preliminary data - population and population change".Population change - News Releases.
  18. ^"Number of deaths - weekly and monthly time series".Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved28 October 2025.
  19. ^"Demographic Yearbook of Regions of the Czech Republic - 2015–2024".Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved10 August 2025.
  20. ^ab"UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".unstats.un.org. Retrieved10 May 2023.
  21. ^"Postavení národnostních menšin" (in Czech). Retrieved1 December 2010.
  22. ^[1]Archived 25 April 2012 at theWayback Machine
  23. ^"Tab. 614a Obyvatelstvo podle věku, národnosti a pohlaví" (in Czech).Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved24 April 2019.
  24. ^In census people can leave the "nationality" field empty and they can also write down any nationality or ethnicity they want. Most Romani people fill in the Czech nationality. Thus, the real number of Romani people in the country is estimated to be around 220,000.Petr Lhotka: Romové v České republice po roce 1989Archived 20 February 2007 at theWayback Machine
  25. ^"Government Council for National Minorities". Government of the Czech Republic. Retrieved10 February 2022.
  26. ^"Bulharská národnostní menšina" (in Czech). Vlada.cz. Retrieved30 November 2010.
  27. ^Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice československé I. Země česká. Prague. 1934.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice československé II. Země moravskoslezská. Prague. 1935.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  28. ^abPeter Josika: Mehrsprachig: Ein Faktor der Versöhnung atPrager Zeitung, 21 August 2007.
  29. ^Wolff, Stefan (2000).German minorities in Europe: ethnic identity and cultural belonging. Berghahn Books. p. 200.ISBN 978-1-57181-504-0.
  30. ^"Greeks in Czech Country". Dialogos-kpr.cz. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  31. ^abc[2]Archived 11 February 2008 at theWayback Machine
  32. ^Vangelis Liolios."Podkladové materiály pro Radu vlády pro národnostní menšiny o situaci řecké menšiny v České republice"(PDF) (in Czech). Dialogs-kpr.cz. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  33. ^"Aktualności". www.polonica.cz. Archived fromthe original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  34. ^"European Commission – Languages eac". Ec.europa.eu. 13 January 2011. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  35. ^Říčan, Pavel (1998).S Romy žít budeme – jde o to jak: dějiny, současná situace, kořeny problémů, naděje společné budoucnosti (in Czech). Prague: Portál.ISBN 978-80-7178-250-6.
  36. ^"R01Foreigners in the CR in the years 2004–2020 (as at 31 December)" (in Czech).
  37. ^"Migration". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved6 June 2025.
  38. ^"Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2018" CZSO
  39. ^"Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2019" CZSO
  40. ^"Data on number of foreigners: R04 Foreigners in the Czech Republic by citizenship in the years 1994–2022 (as at 31 December)".Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved18 December 2023.
  41. ^"Europeans and their Languages"(PDF). Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  42. ^"Population by denomination and sex: as measured by 1921, 1930, 1950, 1991 and 2001 censuses"(PDF) (in Czech and English). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved9 March 2010.
  43. ^"Scitani lidu, domu a bytu 2001". Czso.cz. Archived fromthe original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  44. ^"Tab 7.1 Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups"(PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  45. ^"Tab 7.2 Population by religious belief and by regions"(PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 4 November 2013. Retrieved19 November 2013.
  46. ^"Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 – page 11"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 May 2006. Retrieved5 May 2007.
  47. ^"Social values, Science and Technology"(PDF).Eurobarometer. June 2005. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 May 2006. Retrieved19 December 2006.

External links

[edit]
Czech Republic articles
History
Geography
Politics
Economy
Society
Culture
Officially recognized
Other
Sovereign states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies and
other entities
Other entities
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_Czech_Republic&oldid=1337839301"
Category:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp