| Demographics ofSlovakia | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Slovakia in 2020 | |
| Population | 5,422,194 (2024 est.)[1] |
| Birth rate | 9.7 births/1,000 population |
| Death rate | 11.0 deaths/1,000 population |
| Life expectancy | 78.31 years |
| • male | 74.83 years |
| • female | 82.04 years |
| Fertility rate | 1.57 children |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Slovak |
| Major ethnic | Slovaks (83.82%) |
| Minor ethnic |
|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1848 | 2,442,000 | — |
| 1869 | 2,481,811 | +0.08% |
| 1880 | 2,477,521 | −0.02% |
| 1890 | 2,595,180 | +0.47% |
| 1900 | 2,782,925 | +0.70% |
| 1910 | 2,916,657 | +0.47% |
| 1921 | 2,993,859 | +0.24% |
| 1930 | 3,324,111 | +1.17% |
| 1946 | 3,327,803 | +0.01% |
| 1950 | 3,442,317 | +0.85% |
| 1961 | 4,174,046 | +1.77% |
| 1970 | 4,537,290 | +0.93% |
| 1980 | 4,991,168 | +0.96% |
| 1991 | 5,274,335 | +0.50% |
| 2001 | 5,379,455 | +0.20% |
| 2011 | 5,397,036 | +0.03% |
| 2021 | 5,449,270 | +0.10% |
| Source: | ||
Demographic features of thepopulation ofSlovakia includepopulation density,ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status,religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.
Total population: 5,422,194 as of 2024.[2]
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.[3]
| Census Date | Population | Population density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|
| 1848 | 2,442,000 (est.) | 50 |
| 1869 | 2,481,811 | 51 |
| 1880 | 2,477,521 | 51 |
| 1890 | 2,595,180 | 53 |
| 1900 | 2,782,925 | 57 |
| 1910 | 2,916,657 | 60 |
| February 15, 1921 | 2,993,859 | 61 |
| December 1, 1930 | 3,324,111 | 68 |
| October 4, 1946 | 3,327,803 | 68 |
| March 1, 1950 | 3,442,317 | 70 |
| March 1, 1961 | 4,174,046 | 85 |
| December 1, 1970 | 4,537,290 | 93 |
| November 1, 1980 | 4,991,168 | 102 |
| March 3, 1991 | 5,274,335 | 108 |
| May 26, 2001 | 5,379,455 | 110 |
| May 21, 2011 | 5,397,036 | 110 |
| June 13, 2021 | 5,449,270 | 111 |
1.5 - 1.7 1.4 - 1.5 1.3 - 1.4 < 1.3 |
Thetotal fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources:Our World In Data andGapminder Foundation.[4]
| Years | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 5.96 | 5.96 | 5.92 | 5.87 | 5.83 | 5.78 | 5.74 | 5.77 | 5.8 | 5.83 | 5.86 | 5.9 | 5.83 | 5.76 | 5.7 |
| Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 5.63 | 5.56 | 5.54 | 5.52 | 5.5 | 5.49 | 5.47 | 5.42 | 5.37 | 5.31 |
| Years | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 5.26 | 5.21 | 5.16 | 5.1 | 5.04 | 4.99 | 4.93 | 4.86 | 4.78 | 4.71 |
| Years | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Slovakia | 4.63 | 4.56 | 4.13 | 3.7 | 3.28 | 2.85 | 2.43 | 3.03 |
1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th
| Population (from 1980 December 31) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Births (per 1000) | Deaths (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration (per 1000) | Fertility rates | Induced abortions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 2,940,000 | 91,729 | 56,866 | 34,863 | 31.2 | 19.3 | 11.9 | 3.64 | ||
| 1920 | 3,001,000 | 97,680 | 61,084 | 36,596 | 32.6 | 20.4 | 12.2 | 8.5 | 4.25 | |
| 1921 | 3,006,000 | 114,947 | 63,507 | 51,440 | 38.2 | 21.1 | 17.1 | -15.4 | 4.96 | |
| 1922 | 3,046,000 | 111,059 | 62,902 | 48,157 | 36.5 | 20.7 | 15.8 | -2.5 | 4.67 | |
| 1923 | 3,095,000 | 111,070 | 54,176 | 56,894 | 35.9 | 17.5 | 18.4 | -2.5 | 4.55 | |
| 1924 | 3,135,000 | 106,062 | 56,322 | 49,740 | 33.8 | 18.0 | 15.9 | -2.3 | 4.25 | |
| 1925 | 3,168,000 | 102,867 | 56,171 | 46,696 | 32.5 | 17.7 | 14.7 | -4.2 | 4.01 | |
| 1926 | 3,202,000 | 103,955 | 59,701 | 44,254 | 32.5 | 18.6 | 13.8 | -3.1 | 3.98 | |
| 1927 | 3,232,000 | 99,891 | 59,172 | 40,719 | 30.9 | 18.3 | 12.6 | -3.2 | 3.76 | |
| 1928 | 3,258,000 | 99,673 | 58,320 | 41,353 | 30.6 | 17.9 | 12.7 | -4.7 | 3.69 | |
| 1929 | 3,286,000 | 95,387 | 56,447 | 38,940 | 29.0 | 17.2 | 11.9 | -3.3 | 3.48 | |
| 1930 | 3,315,000 | 96,898 | 52,268 | 44,630 | 29.2 | 15.8 | 13.5 | -4.7 | 3.49 | |
| 1931 | 3,350,000 | 93,309 | 54,273 | 39,036 | 27.9 | 16.2 | 11.7 | -1.1 | 3.33 | |
| 1932 | 3,388,000 | 93,140 | 52,992 | 40,148 | 27.5 | 15.6 | 11.9 | -0.6 | 3.29 | |
| 1933 | 3,424,000 | 84,975 | 50,655 | 34,320 | 24.8 | 14.8 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 2.96 | |
| 1934 | 3,456,000 | 83,493 | 50,178 | 33,315 | 24.2 | 14.5 | 9.6 | -0.3 | 2.86 | |
| 1935 | 3,486,000 | 82,382 | 49,830 | 32,552 | 23.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | -0.6 | 2.8 | |
| 1936 | 3,515,000 | 80,923 | 48,547 | 32,376 | 23.0 | 13.8 | 9.2 | -0.6 | 2.79 | |
| 1937 | 3,540,000 | 79,862 | 49,527 | 30,335 | 22.6 | 14.0 | 8.6 | -1.5 | 2.77 | |
| 1938 | 3,726,000 | 80,800 | 49,700 | 31,100 | 21.7 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 44.2 | 2.8 | |
| 1939 | 3,577,000 | 81,200 | 48,800 | 32,400 | 22.7 | 13.6 | 9.1 | -49.1 | 2.83 | |
| 1940 | 3,553,000 | 85,300 | 52,900 | 32,400 | 24.0 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 15.8 | 2.87 | |
| 1941 | 3,542,000 | 85,700 | 53,600 | 32,100 | 24.2 | 15.1 | 9.1 | -12.2 | 2.9 | |
| 1942 | 3,523,000 | 87,200 | 55,900 | 31,300 | 24.8 | 15.9 | 8.9 | -14.3 | 2.93 | |
| 1943 | 3,503,000 | 87,700 | 50,900 | 36,800 | 25.0 | 14.5 | 10.5 | -16.2 | 2.96 | |
| 1944 | 3,484,000 | 91,600 | 58,100 | 33,500 | 26.3 | 16.7 | 9.6 | -15.0 | 3 | |
| 1945 | 3,459,000 | 81,880 | 67,505 | 14,375 | 23.7 | 19.5 | 4.2 | -11.4 | 3.03 | |
| 1946 | 3,392,000 | 82,204 | 47,589 | 34,615 | 24.2 | 14.0 | 10.2 | -29.6 | 3.09 | |
| 1947 | 3,399,000 | 87,659 | 41,491 | 46,168 | 25.8 | 12.2 | 13.6 | -11.5 | 3.21 | |
| 1948 | 3,446,000 | 91,189 | 40,873 | 50,316 | 26.5 | 11.9 | 14.6 | -0.8 | 3.24 | |
| 1949 | 3,447,000 | 91,053 | 41,727 | 49,326 | 26.4 | 12.1 | 14.3 | -14.0 | 3.28 | |
| 1950 | 3,463,000 | 99,721 | 39,668 | 60,053 | 28.8 | 11.5 | 17.4 | -12.8 | 3.56 | |
| 1951 | 3,509,000 | 100,663 | 40,505 | 60,158 | 28.5 | 11.5 | 17.0 | -3.7 | 3.58 | |
| 1952 | 3,558,000 | 100,824 | 36,897 | 63,927 | 28.0 | 10.2 | 17.7 | -3.7 | 3.57 | |
| 1953 | 3,599,000 | 99,124 | 35,598 | 63,526 | 26.9 | 9.7 | 17.3 | -5.8 | 3.50 | |
| 1954 | 3,661,000 | 98,310 | 34,866 | 63,444 | 26.2 | 9.3 | 16.9 | 0.3 | 3.45 | |
| 1955 | 3,727,000 | 99,305 | 32,917 | 66,388 | 26.0 | 8.6 | 17.4 | 0.6 | 3.47 | |
| 1956 | 3,787,000 | 99,467 | 32,815 | 66,652 | 25.5 | 8.4 | 17.1 | -1.0 | 3.46 | |
| 1957 | 3,844,000 | 97,311 | 35,755 | 61,556 | 24.5 | 9.0 | 15.5 | -0.4 | 3.34 | |
| 1958 | 3,900,000 | 93,272 | 32,106 | 61,166 | 23.1 | 7.9 | 15.1 | -0.5 | 3.25 | 12,383 |
| 1959 | 3,946,000 | 87,991 | 34,077 | 53,914 | 21.5 | 8.3 | 13.1 | -1.3 | 3.07 | 17,217 |
| 1960 | 3,994,000 | 88,412 | 31,609 | 56,803 | 22.1 | 7.9 | 14.2 | -2.0 | 3.08 | 20,738 |
| 1961 | 4,182,000 | 87,359 | 31,403 | 55,956 | 21.6 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 33.3 | 3.04 | 24,244 |
| 1962 | 4,238,000 | 83,899 | 34,398 | 49,501 | 19.8 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 1.7 | 2.84 | 23,784 |
| 1963 | 4,282,000 | 87,158 | 32,978 | 54,180 | 20.4 | 7.7 | 12.7 | -2.3 | 2.95 | 19,076 |
| 1964 | 4,327,000 | 86,878 | 32,875 | 54,003 | 20.1 | 7.6 | 12.5 | -2.0 | 2.91 | 19,174 |
| 1965 | 4,371,000 | 84,257 | 35,910 | 48,347 | 19.3 | 8.2 | 11.1 | -0.9 | 2.80 | 21,037 |
| 1966 | 4,412,000 | 81,453 | 36,357 | 45,096 | 18.5 | 8.2 | 10.2 | -0.8 | 2.68 | 24,445 |
| 1967 | 4,449,000 | 77,537 | 35,458 | 42,079 | 17.4 | 8.0 | 9.5 | -1.1 | 2.50 | 26,571 |
| 1968 | 4,484,000 | 76,370 | 38,076 | 38,294 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | -0.6 | 2.40 | 27,398 |
| 1969 | 4,519,000 | 79,769 | 40,623 | 39,146 | 17.7 | 9.0 | 8.7 | -0.9 | 2.43 | 28,534 |
| 1970 | 4,550,000 | 80,666 | 42,240 | 38,426 | 17.7 | 9.3 | 8.4 | -1.5 | 2.40 | 27,873 |
| 1971 | 4,557,000 | 83,062 | 42,856 | 40,206 | 18.2 | 9.4 | 8.8 | -7.3 | 2.42 | 28,619 |
| 1972 | 4,597,000 | 87,794 | 41,410 | 46,384 | 19.1 | 9.0 | 10.1 | -1.3 | 2.49 | 26,213 |
| 1973 | 4,641,000 | 92,953 | 43,759 | 49,194 | 20.0 | 9.4 | 10.6 | -1.0 | 2.56 | 25,335 |
| 1974 | 4,690,000 | 97,585 | 44,934 | 52,651 | 20.8 | 9.6 | 11.2 | -0.6 | 2.60 | 26,086 |
| 1975 | 4,739,000 | 97,649 | 45,248 | 52,401 | 20.6 | 9.5 | 11.1 | -0.7 | 2.53 | 26,160 |
| 1976 | 4,790,000 | 99,814 | 45,420 | 54,394 | 20.8 | 9.5 | 11.4 | -0.6 | 2.52 | 27,700 |
| 1977 | 4,841,000 | 99,533 | 47,181 | 52,352 | 20.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | -0.2 | 2.47 | 27,875 |
| 1978 | 4,890,000 | 100,193 | 47,778 | 52,415 | 20.5 | 9.8 | 10.7 | -0.6 | 2.45 | 28,641 |
| 1979 | 4,939,000 | 100,240 | 47,837 | 52,403 | 20.3 | 9.7 | 10.6 | -0.6 | 2.44 | 29,981 |
| 1980 | 4,996,000[5] | 95,100 | 50,579 | 44,521 | 19.1 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 2.6 | 2.31 | 31,240 |
| 1981 | 5,036,000 | 93,290 | 49,632 | 43,658 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 8.7 | -0.7 | 2.28 | 31,943 |
| 1982 | 5,074,000 | 92,618 | 50,393 | 42,225 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 8.4 | -0.9 | 2.26 | 33,107 |
| 1983 | 5,110,000 | 92,053 | 52,433 | 39,620 | 18.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | -0.7 | 2.27 | 33,625 |
| 1984 | 5,145,000 | 90,843 | 51,739 | 39,104 | 17.7 | 10.1 | 7.6 | -0.8 | 2.25 | 34,268 |
| 1985 | 5,179,000 | 90,155 | 52,464 | 37,691 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 7.3 | -0.7 | 2.26 | 36,283 |
| 1986 | 5,209,000 | 87,138 | 53,233 | 33,905 | 16.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 | -0.7 | 2.20 | 40,624 |
| 1987 | 5,237,000 | 84,006 | 52,980 | 31,026 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 5.9 | -0.5 | 2.18 | 49,690 |
| 1988 | 5,264,000 | 83,242 | 52,475 | 30,767 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 5.9 | -0.7 | 2.15 | 51,000 |
| 1989 | 5,288,000 | 80,116 | 53,902 | 26,214 | 15.2 | 10.2 | 5.0 | -0.4 | 2.08 | 48,602 |
| 1990 | 5,311,000 | 79,989 | 54,619 | 25,370 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 4.8 | -0.5 | 2.09 | 48,437 |
| 1991 | 5,296,000 | 78,569 | 54,618 | 23,951 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 4.5 | -7.3 | 2.05 | 45,902 |
| 1992 | 5,314,000 | 74,640 | 53,423 | 21,217 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 4.0 | -0.6 | 1.99 | 42,626 |
| 1993 | 5,336,000 | 73,256 | 52,707 | 20,549 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 1.93 | 38,815 |
| 1994 | 5,356,000 | 66,370 | 51,386 | 14,984 | 12.4 | 9.6 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.67 | 34,883 |
| 1995 | 5,368,000 | 61,427 | 52,686 | 8,741 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.52 | 29,409 |
| 1996 | 5,379,000 | 60,123 | 51,236 | 8,887 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1.47 | 25,173 |
| 1997 | 5,388,000 | 59,310 | 52,080 | 7,230 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.43 | 22,318 |
| 1998 | 5,393,000 | 57,582 | 53,156 | 4,426 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.37 | 21,109 |
| 1999 | 5,399,000 | 56,223 | 52,402 | 3,821 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.33 | 19,949 |
| 2000 | 5,403,000 | 55,151 | 52,724 | 2,427 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.30 | 18,468 |
| 2001 | 5,379,000 | 51,136 | 51,980 | -844 | 9.5 | 9.7 | -0.2 | -4.2 | 1.20 | 18,026 |
| 2002 | 5,379,000 | 50,841 | 51,532 | -691 | 9.5 | 9.6 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 1.19 | 17,382 |
| 2003 | 5,380,000 | 51,713 | 52,230 | -517 | 9.6 | 9.7 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 1.20 | 16,222 |
| 2004 | 5,385,000 | 53,747 | 51,852 | 1,895 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.25 | 15,307 |
| 2005 | 5,389,000 | 54,430 | 53,475 | 955 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.27 | 14,427 |
| 2006 | 5,394,000 | 53,904 | 53,301 | 603 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.26 | 14,243 |
| 2007 | 5,401,000 | 54,424 | 53,856 | 568 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.27 | 13,424 |
| 2008 | 5,412,000 | 57,360 | 53,164 | 4,196 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.34 | 13,394 |
| 2009 | 5,425,000 | 61,217 | 52,913 | 8,304 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.44 | 13,240 |
| 2010 | 5,435,000 | 60,410 | 53,445 | 6,965 | 11.1 | 9.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.43 | 12,582 |
| 2011 | 5,404,000 | 60,813 | 51,903 | 8,910 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 1.7 | -7.4 | 1.45 | 11,789 |
| 2012 | 5,411,000 | 55,535 | 52,437 | 3,098 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.34 | 11,214 |
| 2013 | 5,416,000 | 54,823 | 52,089 | 2,734 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.34 | 11,105 |
| 2014 | 5,421,000 | 55,033 | 51,346 | 3,687 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.37 | 10,582 |
| 2015 | 5,426,000 | 55,604 | 53,826 | 1,778 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.40 | 10,058 |
| 2016 | 5,435,000 | 57,557 | 52,351 | 5,206 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.48 | 9,390 |
| 2017[6][7] | 5,443,000 | 57,969 | 53,914 | 4,055 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.52 | 9,083 |
| 2018 | 5,450,000 | 57,639 | 54,293 | 3,346 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.54 | 9,039 |
| 2019 | 5,458,000 | 57,054 | 53,234 | 3,820 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.57 | 6,682 |
| 2020[8] | 5,459,781 | 56,650 | 59,089 | -2,439 | 10.4 | 10.8 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 1.59 | 6,180 |
| 2021 | 5,434,712 | 56,565 | 73,461 | -16,896 | 10.4 | 13.5 | -3.1 | -1.5 | 1.63 | 5,552 |
| 2022 | 5,428,800 | 52,668 | 59,583 | -6,915 | 9.7 | 11.0 | -1.3 | 0.2 | 1.57 | 5,891 |
| 2023 | 5,424,687 | 48,627 | 54,133 | -5,506 | 9.0 | 10.0 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 1.49 | 5,910 |
| 2024 | 5,419,451 | 46,241 | 53,876 | -7,635 | 8.5 | 10.0 | -1.4 | 0.4 | 1.46 |
| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| January—August 2024 | 31,118 | 35,668 | –4,550 |
| January—August 2025 | 28,134 | 35,433 | –7,299 |
| Difference |  –2,984 (–9.59%) |  –235 (–0.66%) | –2,749 |
| Source:[9] | |||
| Regions | TFR |
|---|---|
 Banská Bystrica Region | 1.51 |
| Stredné Slovensko | 1.50 |
 Žilina Region | 1.50 |
 Bratislava Region | 1.44 |
| Bratislava Region | 1.44 |
 Trnava Region | 1.42 |
 Nitra Region | 1.41 |
| Western Slovakia | 1.39 |
 Trenčín Region | 1.35 |
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2 666 486 | 2 793 295 | 5 459 781 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 151 050 | 143 932 | 294 982 | 5.40 |
| 5–9 | 148 703 | 141 292 | 289 995 | 5.31 |
| 10–14 | 145 175 | 138 142 | 283 317 | 5.19 |
| 15–19 | 134 762 | 127 412 | 262 174 | 4.80 |
| 20–24 | 146 693 | 139 514 | 286 207 | 5.24 |
| 25–29 | 178 989 | 171 583 | 350 572 | 6.42 |
| 30–34 | 205 583 | 197 417 | 403 000 | 7.38 |
| 35–39 | 223 148 | 210 774 | 433 922 | 7.95 |
| 40–44 | 233 997 | 219 935 | 453 932 | 8.31 |
| 45–49 | 210 693 | 203 524 | 414 217 | 7.59 |
| 50–54 | 172 944 | 172 772 | 345 716 | 6.33 |
| 55–59 | 174 312 | 181 729 | 356 041 | 6.52 |
| 60–64 | 167 771 | 185 911 | 353 682 | 6.48 |
| 65-69 | 150 908 | 184 068 | 334 976 | 6.14 |
| 70-74 | 103 829 | 143 803 | 247 632 | 4.54 |
| 75-79 | 59 778 | 100 517 | 160 295 | 2.94 |
| 80-84 | 34 122 | 69 918 | 104 040 | 1.91 |
| 85-89 | 16 505 | 40 150 | 56 655 | 1.04 |
| 90-94 | 5 395 | 15 678 | 21 073 | 0.39 |
| 95-99 | 1 462 | 4 076 | 5 538 | 0.10 |
| 100+ | 667 | 1 148 | 1 815 | 0.03 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 444 928 | 423 366 | 868 294 | 15.90 |
| 15–64 | 1 848 892 | 1 810 571 | 3 659 463 | 67.03 |
| 65+ | 372 666 | 559 358 | 932 024 | 17.07 |
Slovak (official) 81.77%, Hungarian 8.48%, Roma 1.84%,Rusyn 0.71%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2021 census)
The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants ofSlovakia areSlovak (83.82%).Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (7.75%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups includeRoma (1.23%),Czechs,Croats,Rusyns,Ukrainians,Germans,Poles,Gorals,Serbs,[12] andJews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).
While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement. Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population. In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions. The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%). Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.[citation needed]
| Ethnic group | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021[15] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Slovaks | 86.6 | 85.3 | 85.5 | 4,317,008 | 86.5 | 4,519,328 | 85.7 | 4,614,854 | 85.8 | 4,352,775 | 80.7 | 4,567,547 | 83.8 | |||
| Hungarians | 10.3 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 559,490 | 11.2 | 567,296 | 10.8 | 520,528 | 9.7 | 458,467 | 8.5 | 422,065 | 7.7 | |||
| Romani1 | - | - | - | - | - | 75,802 | 1.4 | 89,920 | 1.7 | 105,738 | 2.0 | 67,179 | 1.2 | |||
| Czechs | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 57,197 | 1.1 | 59,326 | 1.1 | 44,620 | 0.8 | 30,367 | 0.6 | 28,996 | 0.5 | |||
| Rusyns | 1.4 | - | 0.9 | 36,850 | 0.7 | 17,197 | 0.3 | 24,201 | 0.4 | 33,482 | 0.6 | 23,746 | 0.4 | |||
| Ukrainians | 13,281 | 0.3 | 10,814 | 0.2 | 7,430 | 0.1 | 9,451 | 0.2 | ||||||||
| Others | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 20,623 | 0.4 | 22,105 | 0.4 | 74,518 | 1.4 | 26,284 | 0.5 | 34,728 | 0.6 | |||
| Unknown | 382,493 | 7.1 | 295,558 | 5.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 3,442,317 | 4,174,046 | 4,537,290 | 4,991,168 | 5,274,335 | 5,379,455 | 5,397,036 | 5,450,421 | ||||||||
| 1Before 1991 the Romani were not recognized as a separate ethnic group | ||||||||||||||||
The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.
Despite its modernEuropean economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element. About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.
Foreign residents:[16]
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 294,607 | 327,372 | 342,048 |
 Ukraine | 165,041 | 187,719 | 201,116 |
 Serbia | 19,065 | 19,067 | 16,240 |
  Czechia | 12,702 | 12,742 | 12,441 |
 Hungary | 9,606 | 9,754 | 9,759 |
 Vietnam | 8,448 | 9,655 | 11,179 |
 Russia | 8,092 | 8,674 | 8,850 |
 Romania | 6,756 | 6,586 | 6,411 |
 Poland | 6,072 | 6,054 | 5,994 |
 Germany | 4,497 | 4,472 | 4,451 |
 Georgia | 4,245 | 5,760 | 4,676 |
 North Macedonia | 3,510 | 3,689 | 3,211 |
 Italy | 2,977 | 3,067 | 3,252 |
 China | 2,791 | 3,016 | 3,323 |
 United Kingdom | 2,706 | 2,707 | 2,591 |
 India | 2,586 | 3,992 | 5,732 |
 Austria | 2,580 | 2,599 | 2,574 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,753 | 1,708 | 1,365 |
 Bulgaria | 1,602 | 1,546 | 1,531 |
 France | 1,540 | 1,518 | 1,468 |
 South Korea | 1,497 | 1,569 | 1,619 |
 Belarus | 1,319 | 1,723 | 1,814 |
 Albania | 1,224 | 1,671 | 1,346 |
 Kazakhstan | 1,223 | 1,389 | 1,525 |
 Spain | 1,184 | 1,151 | 1,090 |
 Iran | 1,179 | 1,175 | 1,136 |
 Turkey | 1,176 | 1,436 | 1,546 |
 United States | 1,147 | 1,368 | 1,379 |
 Croatia | 1,100 | 1,081 | 1,067 |
 Kyrgyzstan | 1,033 | 1,462 | 1,717 |
| Others/undeclared | 15,416 | 19,022 | 21,645 |
| Year | Immigrants | Emigrants | Net migration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 9,106 | 7,355 | 1,751 |
| 1995 | 3,055 | 213 | 2,842 |
| 1996 | 2,477 | 222 | 2,255 |
| 1997 | 2,303 | 572 | 1,731 |
| 1998 | 2,052 | 746 | 1,306 |
| 1999 | 2,072 | 618 | 1,454 |
| 2000 | 2,274 | 811 | 1,463 |
| 2001 | 2,023 | 1,011 | 1,012 |
| 2002 | 2,312 | 1,411 | 901 |
| 2003 | 2,603 | 1,194 | 1,409 |
| 2004 | 4,460 | 1,586 | 2,874 |
| 2005 | 5,276 | 1,873 | 3,403 |
| 2006 | 5,589 | 1,735 | 3,854 |
| 2007 | 8,624 | 1,831 | 6,793 |
| 2008 | 8,765 | 1,705 | 7,060 |
| 2009 | 6,346 | 1,979 | 4,367 |
| 2010 | 5,272 | 1,889 | 3,383 |
| 2011 | 4,829 | 1,863 | 2,966 |
| 2012 | 5,419 | 2,003 | 3,416 |
| 2013 | 5,149 | 2,770 | 2,379 |
| 2014 | 5,357 | 3,644 | 1,713 |
| 2015 | 6,997 | 3,870 | 3,127 |
| 2016 | 7,686 | 3,801 | 3,885 |
| 2017 | 7,188 | 3,466 | 3,722 |
| 2018 | 7,253 | 3,298 | 3,955 |
| 2019 | 7,016 | 3,384 | 3,632 |
| 2020 | 6,775 | 2,428 | 4,347 |
| 2021 | 5,733 | 3,395 | 2,338 |
| 2022 | 5,463 | 4,468 | 995 |
| 2023 | 5,923 | 4,522 | 1,401 |
| 2024 | 6,824 | 4,425 | 2,399 |
The Slovak constitution guaranteesfreedom of religion. At the 2021 census, the majority of Slovak citizens (55.76%) practiseRoman Catholicism; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (23.79%). About 5.27% areProtestants, 4% areGreek Catholics, 1.56% areReformed Christian, and 0.93% areOrthodox.
