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Demographics of Iceland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Demographics ofIceland
Population pyramid of Iceland in 2020
Population389,000 (2025)
Growth rate0.93% (2022 est.)
Birth rate12.96 births/1,000 population
Death rate6.56 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy83.64 years
 • male81.41 years
 • female85.97 years
Fertility rate1.95 children
Infant mortality rate1.65 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityIcelandic

Thedemographics ofIceland includepopulation density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As of 2025, the Icelandic population is 389,444. In 2024, 69,691 residents (18.2%) were immigrants.[1]

About 99% of the nation's inhabitants live in localities with populations greater than 200, and 64% live in theCapital Region.

History

[edit]
The population of Iceland from 1703 to 2017, using data from Statistics Iceland.

The population of Iceland probably wavered between about 30,000 and 80,000 for most of the time since settlement. Official statistics begin in 1703, since when the population has grown from 50,358 to 389,000 (August 2025).[2][3]

Migration

[edit]

Settlement

[edit]

MostIcelandic people are descendants ofNorwegian settlers, and ofGaels fromIreland andScotland who were brought over as slaves during thesettlement of Iceland in the ninth century AD. Recent DNA analysis suggests that about 66 percent of the male settler-era population was of Norse ancestry and that the female population was 60 percent Celtic.[4][5] Iceland remained extremely homogenous from its settlement era until the twentieth century.

Emigration

[edit]

Large numbers of Icelanders began to emigrate from Iceland in the 1850s. It has been estimated that 17,000 Icelanders migrated toNorth America in the period 1870–1914, and that 2,000 of them moved back to Iceland; this net loss, 15,000, was about 20% of the Icelandic population in 1887.[6] According to historian Gunnar Karlsson, "migration from Iceland is unique in that most went toCanada, whereas from most or all other European countries the majority went to theUnited States. This was partly due to the late beginning of emigration from Iceland after the Canadian authorities had begun to promote emigration in cooperation with theAllan Line, which already had an agent in Iceland in 1873. Contrary to most European countries, this promotion campaign was successful in Iceland, because emigration was only just about to start from there and Icelandic emigrants had no relatives in the United States to help them take the first steps".[6]

In the wake of the2008 Icelandic financial crisis, many Icelanders went to work abroad.[7]

Immigration

[edit]

Before the 1990s, there was little immigration to Iceland, and most of it was from other Scandinavian countries: about 1% of Icelanders in 1900 were ofDanish heritage (born either in Denmark or to Danish parents).[8] In the mid-1990s, 95% of Icelanders had parents of Icelandic origin, and 2% of Icelanders were first-generation immigrants (born abroad with both parents and all grandparents foreign-born).[9][10]

Immigration to Iceland rose rapidly in the late twentieth century, encouraged by Iceland's accession to theEuropean Economic Area in 1994, its entry into theSchengen Agreement in 2001, and the country'seconomic boom in the early twenty-first century. The largest ethnic minority isPoles, who are about a third of the immigrant population. In 2017, 10.6% of the people were first-generation immigrants.[10]

Iceland is also developing relatively small populations of religious minorities, includingCatholics (about 15,000 in 2020, 4.02% of Icelanders),[11][12][13]Baháʼís (about 400 in 2010),[14]Jews (about 250 in 2018),[15]Buddhists (about 1,500 in 2021),[16]Muslims (about 1,300 in 2015),[17][18] and Eastern Orthodox (about 995 in 2024).[19]

Research on the experience of immigrants to Iceland is in its early days.[20][21] There is some evidence that racism is not as acute in Iceland as in neighbouring countries.[22][23][24] But, while it is popularly believed in Iceland that racism does not exist there,[25] there is evidence that in some respects immigrant populations experience prejudice and inequalities.[26] For example, Iceland has a higher dropout rate from upper secondary school among young immigrants than the EEA average.[27]

Iceland does not formally collect data on the ethnicity or racial identification of its citizens, but does collect data of the origin and background group by birth.[28]

Historical population[29]
YearPop.±% p.a.
170350,358—    
175048,241−0.09%
180046,176−0.09%
185059,586+0.51%
186067,754+1.29%
187069,463+0.25%
188071,981+0.36%
189070,581−0.20%
190077,967+1.00%
191084,528+0.81%
192092,855+0.94%
1930106,360+1.37%
1940120,264+1.24%
1950141,042+1.61%
1960173,855+2.11%
1970204,042+1.61%
1980226,948+1.07%
1990253,785+1.12%
2000279,049+0.95%
2010317,630+1.30%
2020354,042+1.09%
2024383,726+2.03%
Source:Statistics Iceland

Migration data

[edit]
Net Immigration in Iceland (1961–2024)[30]
YearTotal ImmigrationTotal EmigrationTotal Net ImmigrationIcelandic Citizens ImmigrationIcelandic Citizens EmigrationIcelandic Net ImmigrationForeign Citizens ImmigrationForeign Citizens EmigrationForeign Citizens Net Immigration
19611,6181,689-711,4381,568-13018012159
19621,7281,730-21,5211,557-3620717334
19631,5241,600-761,3081,422-11421617838
19641,7531,673801,4591,480-21294193101
19651,8121,781311,4881,536-4832424579
19661,8321,7271051,4691,4591036326895
19672,1461,9921541,6331,58251513410103
19682,3582,2161421,6471,696-49711520191
19692,1982,0771211,4011,476-75797601196
19702,3262,1691571,3501,418-68976751225
19712,1362,0101261,1841,303-119952707245
19722,2131,9073061,0871,150-631,126757369
19732,7052,0876181,1631,141221,542946596
19742,8022,0077951,1441,0311131,658976682
19752,6301,8907401,1149791351,516911605
19762,7362,0287081,1711,076951,565952613
19772,6881,9717171,041963781,6471,008639
19782,5922,0805121,0221,01391,5701,067503
19792,4022,1462561,0051,012-71,3971,134263
19802,4372,368691,0301,113-831,4071,255152
19812,1952,262-679261,001-751,2691,2618
19822,2032,1445997696971,2271,17552
19832,0732,0667954974-201,1191,09227
19842,2392,124115955939161,2841,18599
19852,2422,243-1942972-301,3001,27129
19862,4012,362399991,039-401,4021,32379
19872,4252,484-599801,050-701,4451,43411
19882,7362,753-171,1051,131-261,6311,6229
19893,0662,7772891,2781,182961,7881,595193
19903,4982,9085901,4151,2291862,0831,679404
19913,0522,5664861,3051,0872181,7471,479268
19922,7692,4523171,1241,0111131,6451,441204
19933,0012,6443571,2791,1371421,7221,507215
19943,0292,6513781,2251,126991,8041,525279
19953,1542,6235311,1691,0401291,9851,583402
19963,8653,0628031,4291,1372922,4361,925511
19974,5973,4041,1931,7701,3743962,8272,030797
19984,4123,4989141,5661,3512152,8462,147699
19994,2663,4458211,4761,2452312,7902,200590
20004,0893,4336561,5741,3292452,5152,104411
20015,0024,0349682,4872,959-4722,5151,0751,440
20024,2154,490-2752,3603,380-1,0201,8551,110745
20033,7043,837-1332,3512,964-6131,353873480
20045,3484,8205282,8383,276-4382,5101,544966
20057,7733,9133,8603,0932,9751184,6809383,742
20069,8324,5775,2552,7623,042-2807,0701,5355,535
200712,5467,4145,1323,2283,395-1679,3184,0195,299
200810,2889,1441,1442,8173,294-4777,4715,8501,621
20095,77710,612-4,8352,3854,851-2,4663,3925,761-2,369
20105,6257,759-2,1342,6374,340-1,7032,9883,419-431
20119,45710,571-1,1146,1637,521-1,3583,2943,050244
20129,8699,781886,5367,380-8443,3332,401932
201311,1669,4021,7646,7786,746324,3882,6561,732
201410,9399,8921,0476,1136,912-7994,8262,9801,846
201511,62910,5261,1036,0777,194-1,1175,5523,3322,220
201615,36810,5744,7946,7656,5432228,6034,0314,572
201719,04511,1407,9056,5565,97757912,4895,1637,326
201818,53813,2075,3316,0626,127-6512,4767,0805,396
201916,52914,0652,4645,8006,146-34610,7297,9192,810
202015,24913,1702,0796,3015,3899128,9487,7811,167
202115,41611,2884,1285,4264,6797479,9906,6093,381
202222,20913,5498,6605,2205,746-52616,9897,8039,186
202321,56014,7716,7894,9395,154-21516,6219,6177,004
202419,78915,7454,0444,9935,132-13914,79610,6134,183
Background GroupsYear
1996[31]2001[31]2006[31]2011[31]2016[31]2021[31]
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Icelanders260,05497.10%270,10695.32%278,97593.02%286,60689.99%292,32687.90%300,36981.44%
Icelanders of two Icelandic parents251,05793.74%259,10991.44%265,71188.60%270,77185.02%274,11582.43%279,23675.71%
Born abroad, Icelandic background3,4901.30%4,2141.48%4,8801.62%5,4491.71%5,9711.79%6,6341.79%
Born in Iceland, one parent born abroad5,5072.05%6,7832.39%8,3842.79%10,3863.26%12,2403.68%14,4993.93%
Foreign7,7552.90%13,2554.67%20,9166.97%31,84610%40,20312.09%68,42318.55%
Immigrants5,3572.00%10,0733.55%16,6905.56%25,6978.06%31,8199.56%57,12615.49%
Descendants of Immigrants3450.12%5430.19%1,1160.37%2,5860.81%4,1521.24%6,1171.65%
Born abroad, one Icelandic parent2,0530.76%2,6390.93%3,1101.03%3,5631.11%4,2321.27%5,1801.40%
Total267,809100%283,361100%299,891100%318,452100%332,529100%368,792100%
Foreign-born communities of over 300[32]
Country20102015202020212024
Poland10,08810,96720,51520,55822,431
Denmark3,2363,2833,6443,7013,792
Ukraine2102744304573,704
Lithuania1,4421,4993,2993,2923,579
Romania2054001,9952,1172,992
United States1,8492,0192,5162,6802,752
Philippines1,4071,5652,2232,2762,631
Sweden1,8461,9202,1732,2452,419
Latvia6417351,9652,0872,229
Germany1,6971,6492,0652,1802,065
United Kingdom1,0951,3071,8361,9601,733
Vietnam4796138859881,602
Thailand1,0621,1961,4281,4651,512
Norway9871,0361,2731,3051,381
Venezuela36392293911,371
Spain2885401,0761,1611,345
Portugal6075761,1311,0341,300
Czech Republic152246851792943
France444538913966878
Croatia148169828825864
Syria1935331402771
Italy218260556607770
India272305387439746
China481582709729740
Hungary154218506550732
Russia294364502515634
Serbia312307516528606
Greece2545228260567
Slovakia234243511463556
Moldova1321173227522
Bulgaria135240550551491
Iraq4857279400467
Netherlands297288401431432
Canada231277328331351
Bosnia and Herzegovina144150277272277
Other7,0667,4898,5619,01411,610
Total immigrant population35,12139,22166,76768,93881,795

Due to a shortage of labor,[33] immigration to Iceland will most likely increase in the future.[34] As of 2024, immigrants made up over 18% of Iceland's total population.[35]

Patronymy

[edit]
See also:Icelandic naming conventions

Most Icelandic names are based onpatronymy, and consist of the given name(s) followed by the father's first given name (in thegenitive case), followed by "son" or "daughter". For example, Magnús and Anna, children of a man named Pétur Jónsson, would have the full names Magnús Pétursson and Anna Pétursdóttir, respectively. Magnús's daughter Sigríður Ásta would be Sigríður Ásta Magnúsdóttir, and would remain so for the rest of her life regardless of marriage. An Icelandic patronymic is essentially only a designation of fatherhood, and is therefore redundant in Icelandic social life except to differentiate people of the same first name – the phone directory, for example, lists people by their given name first, patronymic second. Thus it has little in common with surnames in other countries except for its position after the given name. It is legally possible in Iceland to use amatronymic instead of a patronymic, using the mother's name instead of the father's. Use of the patronymic system is required by law, except for descendants of those who acquired family names before 1913 (about 10% of the population). One notable Icelander with an inherited family name isfootball starEiður Smári Guðjohnsen.

Urbanisation

[edit]
See also:Iceland § Urbanisation

According toUniversity of Iceland economists Davíd F. Björnsson and Gylfi Zoega, "The policies of the colonial masters in Copenhagen delayed urbanisation. The Danish king maintained a monopoly in trade with Iceland from 1602 until 1855, which made the price of fish artificially low – the price of fish was higher in Britain – and artificially raised the price of agricultural products. Instead, Denmark bought the fish caught from Iceland at below world market prices. Although the trade monopoly ended in 1787, Icelanders could not trade freely with other countries until 1855. Following trade liberalisation, there was a substantial increase in fish exports to Britain, which led to an increase in the number of sailing ships used in fishing, introduced for the first time in 1780. The growth of the fishing industry then created demand for capital, and in 1885 Parliament created the first state bank (Landsbanki). In 1905 came the first motorised fishing vessel, which marked an important step in the development of a specialised fishing industry in Iceland. Iceland exported fresh fish to Britain and salted cod to southern Europe, with Portugal an important export market. Fishing replaced agriculture as the country’s main industry. These developments set the stage for the urbanisation that was to follow in the twentieth century."[36]

A 2017 study looking at individuals going to the capital area for higher education found that "Only about one in threeUniversity of Iceland students from regions beyond commuting distance return after graduation, while about half remain in the capital area and others mostly emigrate."[37]Iceland's 10 most populous urban areas:

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Iceland
RankNameRegion Pop.
1ReykjavíkCapital Region138,722
2KópavogurCapital Region36,975
3HafnarfjörðurCapital Region29,799
4ReykjanesbærSouthern Peninsula18,920
5AkureyriNortheastern Region18,925
6GarðabærCapital Region16,299
7MosfellsbærCapital Region11,463
8ÁrborgSouthern Region9,485
9AkranesWestern Region7,411
10FjarðabyggðEastern Region5,070

Religion

[edit]

In 2016, 71.6% of the population belonged to thestate church (theEvangelicalLutheran Church of Iceland), approximately 5% infree churches, 3.7% to theRoman Catholic Church, approximately 1% to theÁsatrúarfélagið (a legally recognized revival of the pre-Christian religion of Iceland), approximately 1% toZuism, 8% in unrecognized or unspecified religious groups, and 9% do not belong to any religious group.[38]

Icelandic National Registry

[edit]
Main article:Kennitala

All livingIcelanders, as well as all foreign citizens with permanent residence in Iceland, have apersonal identification number (kennitala) identifying them in the National Registry. This number is composed of 10 digits, whereof the first six are made up of the individual's birth date in the format DDMMYY. The next two digits are chosen at random when thekennitala is allocated, the 9th digit is a check digit, and the last digit indicates the period of one hundred years in which the individual was born (for instance, '9' for the period 1900–1999). An example would be 120192-3389. While similar, all-inclusive personal registries exist in other countries, the use of the national registry is unusually extensive in Iceland. It is worth noting that the completeness of the National Registry eliminates any need for census to be performed.

Summary of vital statistics since 1900

[edit]

Data according toStatistics Iceland, which collects the official statistics for Iceland.[39][40][41][42]

YearAverage
population		Live birthsDeathsNatural
change		Crude
birth rate (per 1000)		Crude
death rate (per 1000)		Natural
change (per 1000)		Total
fertility
rate		Tempo
adjusted
fertility
rate
190078,1002,2371,54569228.619.88.93.93
190178,4002,1791,1551,02427.814.713.13.86
190278,9002,2201,26295827.916.012.13.95
190379,4002,2441,32492028.316.711.64.00
190480,0002,2931,2421,05128.715.513.24.09
190580,7002,2711,43583628.117.810.44.02
190681,6002,3461,1931,15328.814.614.14.14
190782,5002,3041,39690827.916.911.04.04
190883,3002,2701,59467627.319.18.14.01
190984,1002,2831,2631,02027.115.012.14.00
191084,9002,1711,30486725.615.410.23.79
191185,4002,2051,1521,05325.813.512.33.80
191285,9002,2341,1711,06326.013.612.43.82
191386,6002,2161,0601,15625.612.213.33.76
191487,6002,3381,42891026.716.310.43.90
191588,6002,4461,3761,07027.615.512.14.00
191689,0002,3771,3221,05526.614.811.83.81
191791,0002,4271,1111,31626.812.314.53.82
191892,0002,4411,51892326.616.610.13.78
191992,0002,3421,1691,17325.412.712.73.62
192094,0002,6271,3601,26728.114.513.63.96
192195,0002,6011,4781,12327.415.611.83.87
192296,0002,5461,2801,26626.613.413.23.72
192397,0002,6121,2871,32526.913.313.73.77
192498,0002,5251,4621,06325.714.910.83.62
192599,0002,5541,2291,32525.712.413.33.59
1926101,0002,6761,1211,55526.511.115.43.71
1927103,0002,6421,2821,36025.812.513.33.59
1928104,0002,5421,1241,41824.410.813.63.40
1929106,0002,6441,2371,40725.011.713.33.47
1930107,0002,8081,2481,56026.111.614.53.59
1931109,0002,8041,2771,52725.711.714.03.53
1932111,0002,6961,1911,50524.410.813.63.31
1933112,0002,5311,1591,37222.510.312.23.07
1934114,0002,5971,1811,41622.810.412.43.10
1935115,0002,5511,4021,14922.112.210.02.99
1936116,0002,5571,2531,30422.010.811.22.98
1937117,0002,3971,3171,08020.411.29.22.78
1938118,0002,3741,2071,16720.110.29.92.71
1939120,0002,3631,1601,20319.89.710.12.68
1940121,0002,4801,2001,28020.59.910.62.75
1941122,0002,6341,3521,28221.611.110.52.91
1942123,0003,0051,2931,71224.410.513.93.26
1943125,0003,1731,2681,90525.410.115.23.36
1944127,0003,2131,2181,99525.39.615.73.34
1945129,0003,4341,1792,25526.69.117.53.55
1946132,0003,4341,1212,31326.18.517.63.47
1947134,0003,7061,1622,54427.68.618.93.67
1948137,0003,8211,1142,70727.88.119.73.72
1949140,0003,8841,1062,77827.87.919.93.73
1950143,0004,0931,1222,97128.77.920.83.86
1951145,0003,9991,1452,85427.57.919.63.72
1952148,0004,0751,0822,99327.57.320.23.79
1953151,0004,2541,1183,13628.17.420.73.94
1954154,0004,2811,0643,21727.76.920.83.91
1955158,0004,5051,0993,40628.57.021.54.07
1956161,0004,6031,1533,45028.57.221.34.14
1957165,0004,7251,1573,56828.67.021.64.20
1958168,0004,6411,1653,47627.56.920.64.09
1959172,0004,8371,2423,59528.17.220.94.24
1960176,0004,9161,1673,74928.06.621.44.27
1961179,0004,5631,2483,31525.57.018.53.88
1962182,0004,7111,2373,47425.96.819.13.98
1963186,0004,8201,3273,49326.07.118.93.98
1964189,0004,7871,3153,47225.37.018.33.86
1965192,0004,7211,2913,43024.66.717.93.71
1966196,0004,6921,3913,30124.07.116.93.58
1967199,0004,4041,3853,01922.27.015.23.28
1968201,0004,2271,3902,83721.06.914.13.07
1969203,0004,2181,4512,76720.87.113.72.99
1970204,0004,0231,4572,56619.77.112.62.81
1971206,0004,2771,5012,77620.87.313.52.92
1972209,0004,6761,4473,22922.36.915.43.09
1973212,0004,5981,4753,12321.76.914.82.95
1974215,0004,2761,4952,78119.96.913.02.66
1975218,0004,3841,4122,97220.16.513.62.65
1976220,0004,2911,3432,94819.56.113.42.52
1977222,0003,9961,4352,56118.06.511.52.31
1978224,0004,1621,4212,74118.66.412.22.35
1979226,0004,4751,4822,99319.86.613.22.49
1980228,0004,5281,5382,99019.86.713.12.48
1981231,0004,3451,6562,68918.87.211.62.33
1982234,0004,3371,5832,75418.56.811.72.26
1983237,0004,3711,6532,71818.47.011.42.24
1984240,0004,1131,5842,52917.26.610.62.08
1985241,0003,8561,6522,20416.06.89.21.93
1986243,0003,8811,5982,28316.06.69.41.93
1987246,0004,1931,7242,46917.07.010.02.07
1988250,0004,6731,8182,85518.77.311.42.27
1989253,0004,5601,7162,84418.06.811.22.20
1990255,0004,7681,7043,06418.76.712.02.31
1991258,0004,5331,7962,73717.67.010.62.19
1992261,0004,6091,7192,89017.76.611.12.21
1993264,0004,6231,7532,87017.56.610.92.22
1994266,0004,4421,7172,72516.76.410.32.14
1995267,0004,2801,9232,35716.07.28.82.08
1996269,0004,3291,8792,45016.17.09.12.12
1997271,0004,1511,8432,30815.36.88.52.04
1998274,0004,1781,8212,35715.36.78.62.05
1999277,0004,1001,9012,19914.96.98.01.99
2000281,0004,3151,8282,48715.56.59.02.08
2001285,0004,0911,7252,36614.46.18.31.95
2002288,0004,0491,8222,22714.16.37.81.93
2003290,0004,1431,8262,31714.36.38.01.99
2004292,0004,2341,8242,41014.56.28.32.03
2005297,0004,2801,8372,44314.46.28.22.05
2006304,0004,4151,9032,51214.76.38.42.07
2007308,0004,5601,9432,61714.96.38.62.09
2008315,0004,8351,9872,84815.46.29.22.14
2009318,0005,0262,0023,02415.86.39.52.22
2010315,0004,9072,0202,88715.66.49.22.202.38
2011312,0004,4921,9862,50614.46.48.02.022.24
2012314,0004,5331,9552,57814.46.28.22.042.49
2013318,0004,3262,1542,17213.66.86.81.932.21
2014321,0004,3752,0492,32613.66.47.21.932.02
2015324,5004,1292,1781,95112.76.76.01.812.16
2016329,3004,0342,3091,72512.27.05.21.752.21
2017337,3004,0712,2391,83212.16.65.41.712.17
2018345,8004,2282,2571,97112.26.55.71.712.53
2019351,8004,4522,2772,17512.76.56.21.742.11
2020356,2004,5122,3082,20412.76.56.21.721.57
2021361,6004,8792,3382,54113.56.57.01.821.89
2022370,1004,3822,6931,69811.87.34.61.671.91
2023379,5004,3152,5711,74411.46.84.61.59
2024389,5004,3112,6201,69111.16.84.31.56
thousendsyear5010015020025030035040019001920194019601980200020202040populationIceland Population
Viewsource data.
‰year369121518212419001920194019601980200020202040natural growthIceland Natural Growth
Viewsource data.

[43]

TFRyear1.522.533.544.519001920194019601980200020202040Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate
Viewsource data.

Current vital statistics

[edit]
PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January—September 20243,2301,970+1,250
January—September 20253,2901,960+1,330
DifferenceIncrease +60 (+1.86%)Positive decrease -10 (-0.51%)Increase +80
Source:[44]

Structure of the population

[edit]
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2020):[45]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total186 941177 193364 134100
0–411 02910 33321 3625.87
5–911 83111 39623 2276.38
10–1412 18611 44423 6306.49
15–1911 28910 95422 2436.11
20–2413 25112 51925 7707.08
25–2916 32814 23930 5678.39
30–3414 81612 57227 3887.52
35–3913 99212 08126 0737.16
40–4412 55711 45424 0116.59
45–4912 00710 95822 9656.31
50–5411 23210 79522 0276.05
55–5910 98510 98021 9656.03
60–6410 28810 14520 4335.61
65-698 5508 43116 9814.66
70-746 8216 79613 6173.74
75-794 4024 8719 2732.55
80-842 8663 2726 1381.69
85-891 7242 4304 1541.14
90-946671 1991 8660.51
95-991092853940.11
100+1139500.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1435 04633 17368 21918.73
15–64126 745116 697243 44266.86
65+25 15027 32352 47314.41

Population projection

[edit]
Population projection
(1 January)[46]
YearLowMediumHigh
2025388,325391,092394,114
2026395,362399,559404,183
2027402,285407,998414,271
2028409,095416,366424,367
2029415,807424,692434,490
2030422,420432,977444,675
2035452,799472,516494,932
2040478,091508,125543,572
2045496,851537,749588,698
2050509,107561,114629,815
2055515,920578,855667,611
2060517,967591,498702,683
2065516,868600,839736,711
2070511,417605,250767,775
2074503,633604,833790,071

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy in Iceland since 1838
Life expectancy in Iceland since 1960 by sex
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195572.21985–199077.6
1955–196073.21990–199578.5
1960–196573.51995–200079.1
1965–197073.72000–200580.7
1970–197574.22005–201081.4
1975–198076.32010–201582.2
1980–198576.9

Source:UN World Population Prospects[47]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

[edit]

The following demographic statistics are from theCIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[48]

Age structure

0–14 years:19.8% (male 36,692/female 35,239)
15–64 years:63.2% (male 116,210/female 113,810)
65 years and over:17.1% (male 29,366/female 32,719) (2024 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:1.05 males: 1 female
under 15 years:1.04 males: 1 female

15–64 years:1.02 males: 1 female
65 years and over:0.9 males: 1 female
total population:1 male: 1 female (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

1.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:84 years
male:81.8 years
female:86.3 years (2024 est.)

Health expenditures

9.6% of GDP (2020)

Physicians density

4.14 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Obesity – adult prevalence rate

21.9% (2016)

Education expenditures

7.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.7 (2020 est.)

Nationality

noun:Icelander(s)
adjective:Icelandic

Ethnic groups

78.7% Icelandic, 5.8% Polish, 1% Danish, 1% Ukrainian, 13.5% other (2024 est.)

Religions

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 58.6%, Roman Catholic 3.8%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%, Pagan Worship 1.5%, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1.4%, other or unspecified 18.7%, none 7.7% (2024 est.)

Languages

Icelandic (English and a second Nordic language,Danish by default, are also a part of the Icelandiccompulsory education).

References

[edit]
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  5. ^Agnar Helgason; Sigrún Sigurðardóttir; Jeffrey R. Gulcher; Ryk Ward; Kári Stefánsson (2000)."mtDNA and the Origin of the Icelanders: Deciphering Signals of Recent Population History".Am. J. Hum. Genet.66 (3):999–1016.doi:10.1086/302816.PMC 1288180.PMID 10712214.
  6. ^abKarlsson, Gunnar (2000).History of Iceland. p. 236.
  7. ^Guðbjört Guðjónsdóttir. “ ‘We Blend in with the Crowd but They Don’t’: (In)visibility and Icelandic Migrants in Norway.”Nordic Journal of Migration Research 4 (2014): 176–183.
  8. ^Karlsson, Gunnar (2000).History of Iceland. p. 234.
  9. ^Kristín Loftsdóttir, “Being ‘the Damned Foreigner’: Affective National Sentiments and Racialization of Lithuanians in Iceland.”Nordic Journal of Migration Research 7.2 (2017): 70–77 (p. 72)doi:10.1515/njmr-2017-0012.
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  22. ^Rannveig Thorisdottir, “Armed with a Pen.” InBlack Light, White Shadows: Young People in the Nordic Countries Write about Racism. Edited by Leena Suurpää, 85–97. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers, 1998.
  23. ^Kristín Loftsdóttir, “ ‘Still a Lot of Staring and Curiosity’: Racism and the Racialization of African Immigrants in Iceland.” InNew Dimensions of Diversity in Nordic Culture and Society. Edited by Jenny Björklund, Ursula Lindqvist, 263–78. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
  24. ^Gunnar J. Gunnarsson, Gunnar E. Finnbogason, Hanna Ragnarsdóttir and Halla Jónsdóttir. “Friendship, Diversity and Fear: Young People’s Life Views and Life Values in a Multicultural Society.” Nordidactica: Journal of Humanities and Social Science Education (2015 part 2): 94–113.
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  26. ^Kristín Loftsdóttir, “Being ‘the Damned Foreigner’: Affective National Sentiments and Racialization of Lithuanians in Iceland.”Nordic Journal of Migration Research 7.2 (2017): 70–77doi:10.1515/njmr-2017-0012.
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  38. ^"Aldrei lægra hlutfall Íslendinga í Þjóðkirkjunni – Zúistar nærri 1 prósent þjóðarinnar".Eyjan.pressan.is. Archived fromthe original on 2017-11-08. Retrieved2017-07-17.
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  42. ^"Tempo-adjusted TFR".Human Fertility Database. Retrieved2 September 2024.
  43. ^Note: Crude migration change % is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
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