| Demographics ofEswatini | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Eswatini in 2020 | |
| Population | 1,121,761 (2022 est.) |
| Growth rate | 0.75% (2022 est.) |
| Birth rate | 23.35 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Death rate | 9.71 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 59.69 years |
| • male | 57.62 years |
| • female | 61.81 years |
| Fertility rate | 2.44 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 39.63 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | -6.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 33.63% |
| 65 and over | 3.83% |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.48 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Swati |
| Language | |
| Official | English, siSwati |
Demographic features of thepopulation ofEswatini includepopulation density,ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The majority ofEswatini's population is ethnicSwazi, mixed with a small number ofZulus and white Africans, predominantly ofBritish andAfrikaner origin. This population also includes a small segment within it that is mixed with any number of these ancestries.
Traditionally Swazis have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazis work in the mines inSouth Africa. Eswatini also receivedPortuguese settlers and black refugees fromMozambique.Christianity in Eswatini is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Most Swazis ascribe a special spiritual role to theSwazi Royal Family.
The country's official languages areSiswati (a language related to Zulu) andEnglish. Government and commercial business is conducted mainly in English. Asians, Afrikaners, Portuguese, and black Mozambicans speak their own languages.
Eswatini's population is 1,113,276 according to the July 2021 estimate from theCIA World Factbook. The 2007 Census put the nation's population at 912,229. This number is lower than the 1997 Census, which gave 929,718 residents. The small difference is believed to be the result of massive emigration of Swazis to South Africa in search of work.[1]
According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 1,186,000 in 2010, compared to only 273,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 38.4%, 58.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older.[2]
| Year | Total population | Population percentage | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aged 0–14 | aged 15–64 | aged 65+ | ||
| 1950 | 273 000 | 43.0% | 54.3% | 2.7% |
| 1955 | 307 000 | 44.2% | 53% | 2.8% |
| 1960 | 349 000 | 45.2% | 52% | 2.8% |
| 1965 | 392 000 | 46.3% | 51.0% | 2.7% |
| 1970 | 446 000 | 47.2% | 50.1% | 2.7% |
| 1975 | 517 000 | 48.0% | 49.3% | 2.7% |
| 1980 | 603 000 | 48.8% | 48.5% | 2.7% |
| 1985 | 706 000 | 48.9% | 48.3% | 2.8% |
| 1990 | 863 000 | 48.1% | 49.2% | 2.7% |
| 1995 | 964 000 | 47.6% | 49.6% | 2.8% |
| 2000 | 1 064 000 | 44.6% | 52.4% | 3.0% |
| 2005 | 1 105 000 | 41.8% | 55% | 3.2% |
| 2010 | 1 186 000 | 38.4% | 58.2% | 3.4% |
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.IV.2017):[3]
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 531 111 | 562 127 | 1 093 238 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 65 218 | 64 990 | 130 208 | 11.91 |
| 5–9 | 65 109 | 64 719 | 129 828 | 11.88 |
| 10–14 | 63 783 | 63 654 | 127 437 | 11.66 |
| 15–19 | 60 955 | 59 213 | 120 168 | 10.99 |
| 20–24 | 52 280 | 54 236 | 106 516 | 9.74 |
| 25–29 | 46 551 | 50 188 | 96 739 | 8.85 |
| 30–34 | 42 148 | 44 222 | 86 370 | 7.90 |
| 35–39 | 33 443 | 33 538 | 66 981 | 6.13 |
| 40–44 | 24 428 | 25 268 | 49 696 | 4.55 |
| 45–49 | 19 194 | 22 084 | 41 278 | 3.78 |
| 50–54 | 14 094 | 18 724 | 32 818 | 3.00 |
| 55–59 | 12 062 | 15 754 | 27 816 | 2.54 |
| 60–64 | 10 059 | 12 810 | 22 869 | 2.09 |
| 65-69 | 7 322 | 10 037 | 17 359 | 1.59 |
| 70-74 | 4 998 | 8 256 | 13 254 | 1.21 |
| 75-79 | 3 484 | 5 664 | 9 148 | 0.84 |
| 80+ | 2 846 | 6 193 | 9 039 | 0.83 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 194 110 | 193 363 | 387 473 | 35.44 |
| 15–64 | 315 214 | 336 037 | 651 251 | 59.57 |
| 65+ | 18 650 | 30 150 | 48 800 | 4.46 |
| Unknown | 3 137 | 2 577 | 5 714 | 0.52 |
Registration of vital events in Eswatini is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[2]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950-1955 | 14 000 | 7 000 | 7 000 | 48.1 | 22.6 | 25.5 | 6.70 | 174 |
| 1955-1960 | 16 000 | 7 000 | 9 000 | 47.6 | 20.8 | 26.8 | 6.70 | 160 |
| 1960-1965 | 18 000 | 7 000 | 10 000 | 47.9 | 19.6 | 28.2 | 6.75 | 150 |
| 1965-1970 | 20 000 | 8 000 | 13 000 | 49.0 | 18.5 | 30.4 | 6.85 | 141 |
| 1970-1975 | 24 000 | 8 000 | 16 000 | 49.3 | 16.4 | 32.9 | 6.87 | 124 |
| 1975-1980 | 27 000 | 8 000 | 19 000 | 48.5 | 14.2 | 34.2 | 6.73 | 108 |
| 1980-1985 | 31 000 | 8 000 | 23 000 | 47.7 | 12.0 | 35.7 | 6.54 | 90 |
| 1985-1990 | 36 000 | 8 000 | 28 000 | 46.1 | 10.3 | 35.8 | 6.13 | 77 |
| 1990-1995 | 36 000 | 9 000 | 28 000 | 39.9 | 9.4 | 30.4 | 5.30 | 69 |
| 1995-2000 | 35 000 | 12 000 | 22 000 | 34.1 | 11.9 | 22.1 | 4.49 | 80 |
| 2000-2005 | 34 000 | 17 000 | 17 000 | 31.8 | 15.7 | 16.1 | 4.01 | 87 |
| 2005-2010 | 34 000 | 17 000 | 17 000 | 30.1 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 3.57 | 76 |
| * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) | ||||||||
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | |
| 1986 | 6,4 | |||||
| 1991 | 5,6 | |||||
| 1997 | 4,5 | |||||
| 1999-2002 | 4,2 | |||||
| 2006-2007 | 31,1 | 3,8 (2,1) | 31,9 | 3,0 (1,8) | 31,0 | 4,2 (2,2) |
Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):[5]
| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 41.44 |
| 1955–1960 |  43.47 |
| 1960–1965 | 45.05 |
| 1965–1970 | 46.69 |
| 1970–1975 | 49.61 |
| 1975–1980 | 52.61 |
| 1980–1985 | 56.15 |
| 1985–1990 | 59.66 |
| 1990–1995 |  59.44 |
| 1995–2000 | 52.50 |
| 2000–2005 | 45.93 |
| 2005–2010 | 48.41 |
| 2010–2015 | 54.99 |
This article incorporatespublic domain material fromThe World Factbook.CIA.
