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Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1963–1980 political party in South Korea
Democratic Republican Party
민주공화당
民主共和黨
LeaderPark Chung Hee
Founded2 February 1963
(62 years, 296 days)
Dissolved17 October 1980
(45 years, 39 days)
Succeeded byDemocratic Justice Party (de facto)
HeadquartersSeoul
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[5][6]
Colours  Brown
Election symbol
Party flag
Korean name
Hangul
민주공화당
Hanja
民主共和黨
RRMinju gonghwadang
MRMinju konghwadang
Part ofa series on
Conservatism
in South Korea
This article is part ofa series on

TheDemocratic Republican Party (DRP;Korean:민주공화당;RR:Minju gonghwadang) was aconservative, broadlycorporatist[3] andnationalist[1] political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963[7] to its dissolution underChun Doo-hwan in 1980.

History

[edit]

Under the control ofPark Chung Hee,President of South Korea from hismilitary coup d'état of 1961 until hisassassination in 1979, the party oversaw a period ofcorporatism,state capitalism,[8][7] anddevelopmentalism,[9][10][11][8] known as the "Miracle of the Han River", where a predominantly poor and agrarian country was transformed into an industrial "tiger economy". The combination of state and corporatechaebol power pioneered by the party[12] continues to be deeply built into the foundations of the South Korean economic system.

Following the promulgation in October 1972 of theYushin Constitution, which implemented numerous authoritarian centralizing measures such as the direct appointment of a third of the National Assembly by the President, the DRP assumed an unprecedented level of political power. For the next eight years, South Korea was essentially a one-party state ruled by the DRP.

After Park's assassination on 26 October 1979 and the seizure of power byChun Doo-hwan in thecoup d'état of December Twelfth, the DRP was dissolved on 1 September 1980, and nominally superseded by theKorean National Party. However, leadership of the state was assumed by theDemocratic Justice Party, formed in January 1981, which is seen as the spiritual successor of the DRP in terms of its constitutional vision and mimicking of Park's leadership style, beside the different economic approach. Through evolution, theGrand National Party is seen by many as the modern heir to the DRP, though the policies advocated by South Korean conservatives have changed significantly since South Korea'sdemocratization in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Election results

[edit]

President

[edit]
ElectionCandidateVotes%Result
1963Park Chung Hee4,702,64046.65Elected
19675,688,66651.44Elected
19716,342,82853.2Elected
19722,357100Elected
19782,578Elected

Legislature

[edit]
ElectionLeaderVotes%SeatsPositionStatus
ConstituencyParty listTotal+/–
1963Park Chung Hee3,112,98533.48
88 / 131
22 / 44
110 / 175
new1stGovernment
19675,494,92250.62
102 / 131
27 / 44
129 / 175
Increase 19Government
19715,460,58148.77
86 / 153
27 / 51
113 / 204
Decrease 16Government
19734,251,75438.68
73 / 146
Decrease 40Government
19784,695,99531.7
68 / 154
Decrease 5Government

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdKohli, A. (2004).State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
  2. ^abcdefKim, Byung-Kook; Vogel, Ezra F. (2011-04-01).The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Harvard University Press. pp. 58,115–139.ISBN 978-0674061064. Retrieved2025-05-16.
  3. ^abKim, B. K. & Vogel, E. F. (eds.) (2011).The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Harvard University Press. p. 125.
  4. ^커뮤니케이션 관점으로 본 포퓰리즘의 등장과 대의 민주주의 위기
  5. ^서중석 (2005).이 승만 의 정치 이데올로기. 역사비평사.ISBN 9788976968029.
  6. ^"韓國과國際政治". 1995.
  7. ^abYoungmi Kim,The Politics of Coalition in Korea (Taylor & Francis, 2011) p. 22.
  8. ^abKim, Byung-Kook; Vogel, Ezra F. (2011-04-01).The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea. Harvard University Press. pp. 58,115–139.ISBN 978-0674061064. Retrieved2025-05-16.
  9. ^Cho, Joan E. (2024-02-13).Seeds of Mobilization: The Authoritarian Roots of South Korea's Democracy. University of Michigan Press. pp. 37–38.ISBN 978-0-472-90403-7. Retrieved2025-05-16.
  10. ^Kang, David C. (Winter 2002)."Bad Loans to Good Friends: Money Politics and the Developmental State in South Korea".International Organization.56 (1):177–207.doi:10.1162/002081802753485179.JSTOR 3078674. Retrieved2025-05-16.
  11. ^Kim, Youngmi (2011-04-05).The Politics of Coalition in Korea: Between Institutions and Culture. Routledge. p. 22.ISBN 978-1136755163. Retrieved2025-05-16.
  12. ^Kohli, p. 27.
Leaders (acting)
Presidential candidates
Presidents
Preceding parties
Succeeding parties
Related articles
Parliamentary
Extraparliamentary
Defunct
First–Second Republic
(1948–63)
Third–Fourth Republic
(1963–81)
Fifth Republic
(1981–88)
Sixth Republic
(1988–)
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