Tyler Party | |
|---|---|
| Other name | National Democratic, Tyler Democratic |
| Leader | John Tyler |
| Founded | May 27, 1844 |
| Dissolved | August 20, 1844 (1844-08-20) |
| Split from | Whig Party Democratic Party |
| Merged into | Democratic Party |
| Newspaper | The Madisonian |
| Ideology | Texas annexation[1] |
TheTyler Party, orTyler Democratic Party,[2] was anAmerican political party formed by supporters of PresidentJohn Tyler in 1844 to launch a presidential campaign against theWhig andDemocratic parties.[3] The party merged into theDemocratic Party during the1844 presidential election, following the surprise nomination ofJames K. Polk.
Upon the death of PresidentWilliam Henry Harrison thirty days into his term, Vice PresidentJohn Tyler took office, and would serve for the remaining 47 months of Harrison's four year term. Despite the fact that Harrison and Tyler were both members of theWhig Party, Tyler found much of the Whig platform unconstitutional, and he vetoed several bills favored by party leaderHenry Clay. In 1841 Tyler was forced out of the Whig Party after continued contention with Whig leaders.[1] One year later, the Whig Party was routed in the1842 House elections, where the party lost sixty-nine seats. By1844, the Whigs would lose control of the Senate.
After his expulsion from the Whig Party, Tyler attempted to return to the Democratic Party, but the still pro-Van Buren party would not allow him to enter. This led to Tyler's realization that the only way he could maintain his legacy was to show public support for a proposedannexation of Texas.[4]
On the same day as theDemocratic Convention, thousands of Tyler supporters marched toBaltimore,Maryland, and held their own convention. They believed that the Democrats, deadlocked betweenMartin Van Buren andLewis Cass, would choose Tyler as a compromise candidate to unite the party.[5] Democratic editorJames Gordon Bennett of theNew York Herald, then among the most popular newspapers in the country,[6] would tacitly lend his support to Tyler's nomination.[2] Tyler would additionally endorse a smaller newspaper,The Madisonian, as his campaign's official organ. However, the Democrats instead choseJames K. Polk, the formerSpeaker of the House, as their candidate, much to the dismay of the Tylerites.
Despite the fact that Tyler was determined to win another term, his new party lacked a national party platform, although previously-held state Tyler conventions had written platforms.[1][2] Several state Tyler conventions nominated former vice presidentRichard M. Johnson for the vice presidency, and Johnson consented to being Tyler's running mate.[7] The issue that held precedence for Tyler was the annexation of Texas, which was made limp by Polk's announcement of his support in favor of annexation.
By late July and early August, Tyler and the Democrats had entered negotiations. The Democrats aimed to prevent Tyler fromspoiling the election and giving the victory toHenry Clay, while Tyler hoped for the Democrats to commit themselves to the annexation of Texas.Andrew Jackson sent word to Tyler saying that if the president withdrew from the race, that he would at least have the pleasure of taking Clay down with him.[1] With assurances that his followers would be welcomed into the Democratic ranks, Tyler announced the end of his candidacy on August 20 and threw his meager support to Polk. Polk would narrowly defeat Clay in the election and would follow through on Tyler's late order to annex Texas, eventually culminating in theMexican–American War.
The finished four-page Herald with its circulation of twelve thousand as in 1845 the most popular and profitable daily newspaper in the United States. Its niche was so secure that its success seemed almost inevitable. But Bennett was fifty years old, and his success had come very late, after many years of apparent failure. ...
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