Flag hoisting, parade, military exhibitions, award ceremonies, singingpatriotic songs, entertainment and military programmes, speeches, fireworks, etc.
TheIndo-Pakistani War of 1965 began with Pakistan sendingMujahideen into theKashmir Valley to incite rebellion and dislocate local installations.[6][a] In the second stage, on 1 September, it launched a tank attack, dubbedOperation Grand Slam, towards theAkhnoor bridge in theJammu Division. It was intended to be a "short and swift,fait accompli operation."[8] According to scholar Shuja Nawaz, the Pakistani military intended to capture the Akhnoor bridge and swing towardsJammu to cut off India's communications with Kashmir Valley.[9] The Pakistanis had ignored theIndian Prime Minister's (thenLal Bahadur Shastri's) warnings that India would retaliate against Pakistan if Kashmir were attacked.[8]
On 6 September, according to its "pre-declared strategy"[8] ofriposte,[10][b] the Indian Army crossed the international border inPunjab, intending to cut off theGrand Trunk Road nearLahore. Another Indian objective was to capture theLahore Cantonment. The attack came as a surprise to the Pakistani commanders.[8][12] According toAir MarshalNur Khan, ArmyChief GeneralMusa Khan toldPresidentMuhammad Ayub Khan on the second day of the war that the Army had run out of ammunition. However, the statement given by Air Marshal Nur Khan was challenged by the Indian commanders themselvesLt. Gen Harwant Singh himself stated that the heaviest firing by the Pakistan Army was started after the ceasefire.[13] He states that the Army suffered heavy losses in the war.[14] On 23 September, Pakistan accepted aUN-mandated ceasefire.[c]
Pakistan instituted the Defence of Pakistan Day to commemorate the day when the Indian forces crossed into Pakistan. The Pakistan official narrative states that,
"[the] Indian forces sneaked [sic] into theWagah border, and the Pakistan armed forces, when alerted, put up a valiant defence of the motherland and drove them back, thus taking its name as the Defence of Pakistan Day."[16]
Air Marshal Nur Khan commented,
"It was a wrong war, and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression."[14]
ThePakistan Army displays its latest missiles, tanks, guns,Pakistan Army Aviation helicopters, and armaments used by Engineers, Electrical and Mechanical Corps, ArmyAir Defense, Signals, Army Service Corps, and theArmy Medical Corps.[17] Everyone is allowed to watch such functions live by going to specific places. These shows are also displayed on national TV channels. National songs, special documentaries about 6 September 1965, and the stories of the people killed that day are displayed on TV.
^The infiltration began on 5 August 1965, according to theUN military observers stationed on the KashmirLine of Control since 1949.:[7] Secretary-GeneralU Thant stated: "the series of violations that began on August 5 were to a considerable extent in subsequent days in the form of armed men not in uniform, crossing the CFL from the Pakistan side for the purpose of armed action on the Indian side."
^Ariposte in military strategy involves striking a vulnerable point of the enemy in order to force him to abandon his own attack.[11]
^India had already accepted various UN proposals for a ceasefire, starting around 14 September.[15]
^Nawaz, Crossed Swords 2008, p. 227: "Opposing it was the Indian I Corps with its 1st Armoured Division and three infantry divisions, with orders to secure the Pathankot-Jammu road by launching a riposte to an anticipated move by Pakistan against Jammu, the private plan of General Akhtar Malik that his superiors had thwarted."
^Kumar, Prejudice and Pride 2001, p. 45: "Young Nation, a youth supplement published by the liberalFriday Times of Lahore wrote: It tells an epic tale of our soldiers who being a very small number compared to the Indian and having very little ammunition, weapons and machinery, fought with such spirit, bravery and courage that it stunned the Indian forces, and of the unity of our people."
^Air MarshalNur Khan,Dawn, 6 September 2005, quoted inHiranandani, Transition to Guardianship 2013, pp. 1963–1964: "It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression."
^Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965 2008, p. 215: "in his report of September 16, the Secretary-General chose to be even-handed and told the Council that India had accepted the suggestion, and Pakistan was yet to reply."
