| Date | June 7, 2019; 6 years ago (2019-06-07) |
|---|---|
| Location | Rikers Island,New York, U.S. |
| Cause | Seizure |
Layleen Xtravaganza Cubilette-Polanco was a 27-year-oldAfro-Latinatransgender woman who died atRikers Island, New York City's main jail complex, on June 7, 2019, insolitary confinement after staff failed to provide her with medical care that could have saved her life for 47 minutes following anepileptic seizure.[1][2][3][4] After a six-month investigation, theNew York City Department of Investigation (DOI) and Bronx District AttorneyDarcel Clark claimed that staff members were not responsible for Polanco's death.[3][5] Records indicate that officers had extensive knowledge of Polanco's epilepsy, she having already suffered multiple seizures at Rikers.[6]
A video of the incident revealed that multiple staff members knocked on Polanco's cell door and that she was unresponsive. In the presence of her unresponsive body, officers could be seen laughing.[3][7] The DOI stated that officers thought Polanco was napping and that the laughter was unrelated.[3] Awrongful death lawsuit was filed by David Shanies, the attorney for the Polanco family.[3] Polanco's death reignited conversations about banningcash bail andpretrial detention.[6] Melania Brown, Polanco's sister, and many others called for banningsolitary confinement inNew York City after Polanco's death.[3][8]
Polanco's family home was inYonkers, New York.[8] Polanco was part of New York City'sballroom scene as a member of theHouse of Xtravaganza and was a friend ofPose (2018) starIndya Moore.[3][6]
Polanco had last been home in April. According to her sister, Melania Brown, although usually bubbly, Polanco "became very depressed. She tried to look for jobs. She tried to go to school. She tried just to get life together."[9] Polanco faced difficulties receiving employment. Brown stated that "she was turned away from every door she tried to walk in."[9]
Polanco was arrested in April 2019 onmisdemeanor assault charges and held on $500 bail from a 2017 drug andsex work charge.[8] Polanco was sent to the jail because she could not afford the bail.[6]
On May 14, Polanco was sentenced to 20 days insolitary confinement for a physical altercation with another individual in custody at the Transgender Housing Unit dormitory. On May 15, she exhibited intense feelings ofpsychological distress, includingsuicidal ideation,hallucinations, andpanic attacks. In the notes section of a report, an "officer wrote 'inmate randomly crying, shouting.'"[8] While in a distressed state, Polanco reportedly assaulted an officer on the arm "with her fist out."[10] She was sent for a nine-day stay inElmhurst Hospital for "psychosis/mania", eight of which were spent in a psychiatric prison ward.[10]
On May 24, Polanco returned to Rikers. Correction staff debated where to place her. The department's tour commander wrote that a psychiatrist could not authorize solitary confinement for Polanco because of her seizure disorder. However, Polanco was placed in solitary confinement on May 30 after clearance from a Correctional Health Services medical doctor.[8] The Board of Correction found that the jail's housing policy to not place trans women withcisgender women created "increased pressure" to isolate Polanco.[8] However, officials did consider placing Polanco in a men's facility.[10]
Although officers knew of her epilepsy and Polanco had already suffered multiple seizures at the facility, she was ultimately "cleared" for solitary confinement,[6] where she spent 17 hours a day in a cell.[9] The doctor wrote that, despite her medical history, "her condition has been stable."[6] On the day of Polanco's death she was left alone for periods of 57 minutes, 47 minutes and 41 minutes, even though "DOC policy stipulates that inmates placed in solitary confinement should be observed every 15 minutes."[10] As a result, Shanies described the conditions which led to Polanco's death as follows:[6]
When an epileptic person has a seizure, they are at great risk of injury or death and unable to help themselves. They can fall, suffer trauma, or stop breathing, among other things. That is exactly how Layleen died. By leaving her locked in a cell, unmonitored, the jail created the risk of Layleen's suffering a fatal seizure. This is not a case of a mistake or a medical problem that slipped through the cracks. This was a thought-out decision to put a person in a situation where the risks of injury and death were obvious and known.
The seizure was Polanco's third while in custody.[11] The DOI published Polanco'sdeadname in an official report following her death and later apologized for doing so.[3]
The first report of Polanco's death was a four-sentence report by theNew York Post that did not mention Polanco's name.[9] In response, the New York City Anti-Violence Project organized a rally for Polanco on June 10, in which 600 people attended, includingJanet Mock andIndya Moore. On June 26, the New York AVP issued a letter of demands to GovernorAndrew M. Cuomo and MayorBill de Blasio, which included "the expedition of the results of Layleen's autopsy; the disbandment of solitary confinement and restrictive housing units in New York state; the decriminalization of sex work in the state; and housing, health care, and employment programs for TGNCNB people across New York."[9] Melania Brown and about twenty of Polanco's friends and family members marched with the New York City Anti-Violence Project atNew York Pride in July 2019.[9]
On June 14, 2020, during the coronavirus outbreak, about 15,000 protesters marched down Brooklyn'sEastern Parkway in solidarity with black trans lives, organized byThe Okra Project, which provides meals to black trans people, and the Marsha P. Johnson Institute. Brown was in attendance and stated, "My sister is not here to fight for herself, but I'm here. We're here, and they've got to make room for us. And if they don't, we're taking it."[7] Video footage of Polanco's death released in June provoked public outrage. The footage, featuring officers laughing in the presence of Polanco's unresponsive body, was disturbing and deeply troubling to the Polanco family. Family attorney David Shanies described it as "the last bit of indifference that we saw toward a person who obviously needed help."[7]
