| ||
|---|---|---|
Pre-leadership Leader of the Soviet Union Political ideology Works
Legacy Bibliography   | ||
Joseph Stalin's purges and massacres between 1936 and theinvasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany (Great Purge) had about one million victims. This list includessome of the most prominent victims along with the date of their deaths. Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.
July
9Aghasi Khanjian (murdered byLavrentiy Beria or suicide)
August
22Mikhail Tomsky (suicide)
25Grigori Zinoviev,[1]Lev Kamenev,Grigori Yevdokimov,Ivan Bakayev,Sergei Mrachkovsky,Ivan Smirnov,Vagarshak Ter-Vaganyan.
September
25(Genrikh Yagoda dismissed from his post as head of the NKVD, and replaced by Nikolai Yezhov)
October
3 Platon Volkov[2]
November
December
28Nestor Lakoba (suspected poisoning)
January
10Martemyan Ryutin,Ivar Smilga,Pyotr Zalutsky.
February
1Georgy Pyatakov,[3]Mikhail Boguslavsky,Yakov Drobnis,Nikolai Muralov,Leonid Serebryakov.
18Sergo Ordzhonikidze (possibly suicide)
March
May
26Vladimir Nevsky,Alexander Slepkov,Vladimir Smirnov
31Yan Gamarnik (suicide),Nikolai Uglanov
June
12Mikhail Tukhachevsky,[4]Roberts Eidemanis,Boris Feldman,August Kork,Vitaly Primakov,Vitovt Putna,Ieronim Uborevich,Iona Yakir.
19Yakov Doletsky (suicide),Dmitry Shmidt[5]
20Mark Gai,[6]Andreu Nin (murdered in Barcelona),Jan Sten
July
1Anatoliy Gekker,Matvei Vasilenko
2Yevgeni Preobrazhensky,Lev Sosnovsky
16Vladimir Kirillov,Pavel Vasiliev
22Paolo Iashvili (suicide)
August
7Oscar Ryvkin,Nikolai Sollogub
13Aleksandr Voronsky,Boris Didkovsky
14Leopold Averbakh,Karl Pauker,Ivan ZaporozhetsLeonty Ugryumov
21Artur Artuzov,Adolf Warski,Leon Gaikis
25Johannes Raudmets,Boris Steigerru
30Panas Lyubchenko (suicide)
September
2Grigol Lordkipanidze (died while under interrogation),Alexander Shliapnikov
4Ignace Reiss (murdered in Switzerland),Evgeny Pashukanis
10Sergei Medvedev,Hayk Ovsepyan,David Petrovsky,Sergei Syrtsov,Sergei Tretyakov
20Lev Karakhan,[7]Marcian Germanovich,Nikolai Kashirin,Ivan Smolin,Ivan Teodorovich,Henryk Walecki
21Seit Devdariani,Julian Lenski
28Sergei Mezheninov,Timofei Sapronov
October
3Alexander Chayanov,Hans Kippenberger,Willy Leow
13Bekir Çoban-zade,Ahmad Javad
15Dmitry Fesenko,Evgen Gvaladze,Pamphylia Tanailidi
29Yakau Branshteyn,Anani Dziakaŭ,Platon Halavach,Valery Marakou,Anatol Volny,Vladimir Milyutin,Sergei Sedov
30Ivan Akulov,Mikhail Chudov,Mendel Khatayevich,Aleksei Kiselyov,Alexander Krinitsky,Vladimir Polonsky,Mikhail Razumov,Alexander Shotman,Avel Yenukidze,[7]Ivan Zhukov
November
1Kuzebay Gerd,Milan Gorkic,Gustaw Henrykowski
11Sergei Chavain,Olyk Ipai,Shabdar Osyp
20Metropolitan Joseph (Petrovykh)
21Fyodor Golovin,Adrian Piotrovsky,
26Yakov Hanecki,Heinz Neumann,Alexander Krasnoshchyokov,Leonid Kurchevsky,Emanuel Kviring
27Yeghishe Charents,Aino Forsten,Eero Haapalainen,Ruben Rubenov,Daniil Sulimov
December
10Rashid Khan Kaplanov,Vladimir Lyubimov,Movses Silikyan
11Jaan Anvelt (died from torture under interrogation),Hayk Bzhishkyan,Seraphim Chichagov,Mamia Orakhelashvili[7]
16Giorgi Mazniashvili,Titsian Tabidze
January
8Jūlijs Daniševskis,Mikhail Plisetski
11Arvid Kubbel,Georgy Langemak
20Juho Perala,Nikolai Zhilyayev
February
8Tikhon Khvesin,Nikolai Kuzmin,John Pepper
9Vaino Kallio,Romuald Muklevich,Gazanfar Musabekov
10Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko,Christophor Araratov,Alexander Beloborodov,Maksim Haretski,Grigory Kaminsky,Joseph Meerzon,Alexander Serebrovsky,Aleksandr Smirnov
17Abram Slutsky (poisoned)
18Georgii Frederiks,Dmitry Mushketov,Julian Shchutsky,
26Jukka Ahti,Abram Markson,Tyyne Salomaa
March
15Nikolai Bukharin,Alexei Rykov,Genrikh Yagoda,Pavel Bulanov,Mikhail Chernov,Hryhoriy Hrynko,Akmal Ikramov,Vladimir Ivanov,Nikolai Krestinsky,Pyotr Kryuchkov,Arkady Rosengolts,Vasily Sharangovich,Isaac Zelensky,Prokopy Zubarev,[8]Valentin Trifonov.
April
21Sultan Majid Afandiyev,Oskari Ikonen,Boris Pilnyak,Huseyn Rahmanov,Kustaa Rovio,Suren Shadunts
23Kasyan Chaykovsky (died under interrogation)
25Jekabs Peterss,Ivan Mezhlauk
May
June
20Vladimir Gorev,Nikolai Janson
21Nikolai Goloded (suicide during an interrogation)
July
28Yakov Davydov,Terenty Deribas,Vladimir Kirshon,Yakov Alksnis,Izrail Leplevsky,Maksim Ammosov,Vladimir Orlov,Mikhail Sangursky,Alexander Svechin,Ioakhim Vatsetis
29[9]Janis Rudzutaks,Nikolai Antipov,Moisei Frumkinru,Vilhelm Knorin,Nikolai Krylenko,Valery Mezhlauk,Vasily Schmidt,Boris Shumyatsky,Matvey Skobelev,Jozef Unszlicht,Amatuni Amatuni,Yakov Yakovlev,Volodymyr Zatonsky
Ivan Belov,Yan Berzin,Anton Bulin,Ivan Dubovoy,Pavel Dybenko,Sergei Gribov,Ivan Gryaznov,Innokenty Khalepsky,Vasiliy Khripin,Grigory Kireyev,Yepifan Kovtyukh,Mikhail Levandovsky,Alexander Sedyakin,Ivan Tkachev
August
1Yakov Agranov,Alexander Bekzadyan,Eduard Berzin,Andrei Bubnov,Aleksei Stetsky,Semyon Uritsky,Yan Gaylit,Ivan Kosogov,Nikolay Kuibyshev,Mikhail Viktorov,Konstantin Yurenev
19Nikolai Krivoruchko,Vasiliy Mantsev,Nikolay Pakhomov
22Pyotr Feldman,Vladimir Gittis,Vilhelm Garf,Lavrenti Kartvelashvili,Pavel Sytin
26Andrei Sazontov,Sofia Sokolovskaya,Mikhail Svechnikov
29Jan Antonovich Berzin,[10]Pyotr Bryanskikh,Boris Kamkov,[10]Béla Kun,[10]Jamshid Nakhchivanski,Lev Mironovru,Leonid Zakovsky[11]
September
1Nikolai Bryukhanov,[10]Mieczysław Broński,[10]Valerian Osinsky[10]
7Nikolai Gorbunov,[10]Karim Mammadbeyov,Nikolai Zimin
17Bruno Jasienski,Nikolai Kondratiev
20Boris Kornilov,Theodore Maly
October
4Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov
12Matti Airola (died in prison),Maximilian Kravkov
27Khadija Gayibova,Artemic Khalatov
November
9Vasily Blyukher (beaten to death by the NKVD interrogator,Lev Shvartzman)
22(Nikolai Yezhov dismissed as head of the NKVD, and replaced byLavrentiy Beria)
December
27Osip Mandelstam (died in a labour camp),Boris Gorev
January
15Kullervo Manner (died in a labour camp)
February
22Boris Berman,Grigory Khakhanyan
23Alexander Kosarev,Alexander Yegorov
26Vlas Chubar,Stanislaw Kosior,Levon Mirzoyan,Pavel Postyshev
March
7Alexey Bakulin,Matvei Berman,Volf Bronner,Hermann Remmele
10Georgy Bondar,Ehsanollah Khan Dustdar
April
6Nikolai Bekryashev (died in a labour camp)
15Aleksei Gastev,Dmitry Shakhovskoy
May
19Karl Radek (murdered in a labour camp)
21Grigori Sokolnikov (murdered in a labour camp)
June
6Prince Dmitri.Mirsky (died in a labour camp)
July
9Maria Koszutska (died in prison)
August
16Martha Ruben-Wolf (suicide)
October
31Platon Oyunsky (died in prison)
January
28Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev,Aleksandr Uspensky
February
2Robert Eikhe,Mikhail Koltsov,Vsevolod Meyerhold,Mikhail Trilisser,Yefim Yevdokimov
3Mikhail Frinovsky,Nikolai Yezhov[12]
May
7Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov
June
23Toivo Alavirta (died in a labour camp)
August
20Leon Trotsky (assassinated in Mexico)
October16Boris Stomonyakov
September
11Maria Spiridonova,Fritz Noether,Christian Rakovsky,Varvara Yakovleva,Olga Kameneva,Garegin Apresov,Dmitry Pletnyov,Sergei Efron
Zinoviev headed a list of 16 accused sentenced to death on 23 August 1936 at the end of the first of the Moscow Show Trials
Volkov was married to Trotsky's daughter,Zinaida
Pyatakov headed the list of 13 accused sentenced to death on 30 January 1937 at the second show trial.
Shmidt was the principal source of the evidence against Marshal Tukhachevsky and the other executed commanders. Conquest
On 20 December 1937, Pravda reported that Yenukidze, Karakhan, Orakhelashvili and four others had been tried and sentenced to death the previous day, Conquest
Bukharin headed a list of 18 accused sentenced to death on 13 March 1938 at the third Moscow show trial
On 30 August 1938, Stalin and Molotov signed a list submitted by Yezhov of 362 people marked for execution
Zakovsky and Mironov were among several former NKVD officers executed on Yezhov's orders to silence them, after the announcement on 22 August that Beria was to take over as deputy head of the NKVD.
Yezhov headed a list of 346 men and women, including at least 60 former NKVD officers, and the writers Babel and Koltsov that Beria submitted to Stalin on 19 January 1940, proposing that they should all be shot. All of these executions were kept secret until after 1990.
.jpg)