Mourners gather at the Supreme Court after the announcement ofRuth Bader Ginsburg's deathCourtroom with Ginsburg's seat draped in black, the day after her death
Ginsburg had previously been diagnosed withcolon cancer, which was inremission by 1999, andearly-stagepancreatic cancer in 2009. In 2014, she had surgery to implant astent. Tumors in her lungs were detected in December 2018 while she was being treated forbroken ribs from a fall in November 2018.[7] She previously hurt two ribs in June 2012. She had pancreatic cancer in August 2019 and went into remission a few times. She was briefly hospitalized in November 2019 for a fever and chills. Again, she was hospitalized for a gallbladder complication in May 2020. She was also hospitalized in July for an unidentified infection. Ginsburg died from complications ofmetastatic pancreatic cancer at her home in Washington, D.C., on September 18, 2020, aged 87.[7][8][9] Days before her death, according to her granddaughter Clara Spera, an attorney, she dictated a statement which reads in part: "My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed."[9][10]
A candlelit makeshift memorial to Ginsburg on the day she died
Hundreds of people began gathering in front of theSupreme Court in Washington, D.C., within hours of the news of Ginsburg's death. TheMourners' Kaddish was recited by mourners, along with songs such as "Amazing Grace" and "America the Beautiful".[11] Other gatherings were held in cities across the United States. Online memorials were created on social media platforms.[11] By the following morning, a makeshift memorial had been created on the steps of the court.[12][13][1]
On September 19, the tributes at the Supreme Court were removed and a barricade erected in front of the building.[2] About 2,500 people attended a vigil that evening. Among the several speakers at the rally were Democratic SenatorsKirsten Gillibrand ofNew York andElizabeth Warren ofMassachusetts. Warren drew cheers from the crowd as she criticized the Senate Majority LeaderMitch McConnell, a Republican. Many speakers made references toabortion access, of which Ginsburg was a proponent; Jasmine Clemons ofPlanned Parenthood, speaking of her own decision to have anabortion, said "I made the best decision for my life, my future and my body. That was made possible because of women like Justice Ginsburg."[14]
The courtroom doors of the Supreme Court, Ginsburg's seat, and the bench before her seat each draped in black the day after her death
An American flag athalf-staff at the Supreme Court with the Capitol in the background on September 23
As has been tradition since as early as 1873 on the death ofChief JusticeSalmon P. Chase, the courtroom doors of the Supreme Court, Ginsburg's seat, and the bench in front of her seat were draped in black.[23] On September 18,SpeakerNancy Pelosi of theHouse of Representatives ordered flags at the U.S. Capitol to be flown athalf-staff in honor of Ginsburg.[24] On September 19, President Trump also ordered all U.S. flags at federal buildings to be flown at half-staff until Ginsburg's burial.[25]
Shortly after Ginsburg's death, multiple statues and renaming of locations were proposed in her honor.Bill de Blasio,Mayor of New York City, announced that the Brooklyn Municipal Building in New York City would be renamed in honor of Ginsburg, who was born and raised inBrooklyn.[26]Andrew Cuomo,Governor of New York, announced that a statue of Ginsburg would be installed in Brooklyn.[27] He said he would appoint a commission to select an artist and location.[28][29]The statue was completed and installed outside ofAlbee Square on March 12, 2021.[30]
Ginsburg was praised by legal figures including Chief JusticeJohn Roberts who called her a "jurist of historic stature", stating that the Supreme Court had lost a cherished colleague and also had confidence that future generations would remember her as a "tireless and resolute champion of justice."[39] In a viraltweet,Ruth Franklin, an author and book critic, noted that "according to Jewish tradition, a person who dies onRosh Hashanah... is atzadeikes, a person of great righteousness".[40][41]
Her death was announced while both President Trump and presidential candidateJoe Biden were campaigning in Minnesota; Trump was making a speech during his rally and Biden was on a campaign plane flying back to his home inWilmington, Delaware, with spotty Wi-Fi connection. As a result, neither made statements immediately after the news was announced; Trump made a statement after his speech concluded while he was heading towardsAir Force One, and when Biden landed atNew Castle Airport, he too made a statement.[42] Trump, on hearing of Ginsburg's death for the first time, said she "was an amazing woman who led an amazing life".[43] Biden told reporters that Ginsburg's death was "very sad news" and highlighted the need to choose a successor only once the election had concluded.[42] The White House also issued a statement praising Ginsburg, saying, among other things, "Her opinions, including well-known decisions regarding the legal equality of women and the disabled, have inspired all Americans and generations of great legal minds."[44]
Speaker Pelosi used Twitter to express her sympathy, saying that Ginsburg's death was "an incalculable loss for our democracy and for all who sacrifice and strive to build a better future for our children".[45] Governor Cuomo described Ginsburg as someone who "pursued truth and justice in a world of division, giving voice to the voiceless and uplifting those who were pushed aside by forces of hate and indifference".[28][29]Hillary Clinton, who was theFirst Lady when Ginsburg was appointed to the Supreme Court, said "There will never be another like her."[46] On September 20, former U.S. PresidentBill Clinton, who nominated Ginsburg to the U.S. Supreme Court and also held a public rally with her inLittle Rock, Arkansas, just over a year before her death,[47][48] paid tribute to Ginsburg in a televised interview withFace the Nation's Margaret Brennan. He said, among other things, that "People were really pulling for her and they really gravitated to her because of her sense of equality and fairness, and they thought, unlike much in politics today, she was totally on the level."[47]
During a September 21 appearance onFox & Friends, President Trump suggested that Ginsburg's dictated statement before her death may have been manufactured by theDemocratic political leadership in Congress, including Speaker Pelosi, Senator Schumer, theMinority Leader who represents New York, and RepresentativeAdam Schiff ofCalifornia.[10] The Democrats angrily denied Trump's suggestion. The NPR correspondentNina Totenberg, a reporter covering Supreme Court who published the original report about Justice Ginsburg's last wish, subsequently confirmed that the statement had come from Ginsburg herself. Totenberg stated that there were other witnesses in the room, apart from her granddaughter, including her doctor.[49] Trump's allegation gave birth to a conspiracy theory which spread quickly through social media and was taken up by some conservative public figures.Fox News hostTucker Carlson declared that it would have been "pathetic" for Justice Ginsburg to make such a dying declaration and that he did not believe she had said it.[50] Subsequently, SenatorTed Cruz,Republican fromTexas, blocked the U.S. Senate resolution honoring Ginsburg because it contained language referring to her dying wish.[51]
Ursula von der Leyen,President of the European Commission, described Ginsburg as a "pioneer for women's right, law and justice".[52]Justin Trudeau,Prime Minister of Canada, wrote: "A profound and fearless advocate for women, equality, and justice, Ruth Bader Ginsburg's impact will undoubtedly be felt for generations. My thoughts are with her family, colleagues, and all who were inspired by her lifetime of service."[53]Emmanuel Macron,President of France, wrote: "A truly exceptional woman has left us. Throughout her entire life, Ruth Bader Ginsburg fought for justice, gender equality, and respect for fundamental rights. Her outstanding legacy shall be our inspiration for a long time to come."[52]Emily Haber,German Ambassador to the United States, wrote: "Germany has often looked across the Atlantic, not only to the US but to Justice Ginsburg herself – a pioneer for women, a standard-bearer, a fighter."[52]Pedro Sánchez,Prime Minister of Spain, sent his "deepest condolences to her family, to the world of Justice and to the American people."[52]
Ginsburg's casket at the top of the Supreme Court steps, flanked by two of her former law clerks and an honor guard from theSupreme Court Police
Ginsburglay in repose at theSupreme Court Building for the two days on September 23–24.[54][55] Previous ceremonies for Associate Justices were limited to a single day, including the ceremony for Chief JusticeWilliam Rehnquist as well as those for Associate JusticesWilliam J. Brennan Jr.,John Paul Stevens, andAntonin Scalia.[3] Her public viewing was held outdoors from 11am to 10pm on the first day, and 9am to 10pm on the second day.[56] Ginsburg is the first woman to lie in repose at the Supreme Court.[57]
Her funeral began at around 9:30am on September 23 when her casket arrived at the Supreme Court. More than a hundred of her law clerks from her time as an appellate judge and Supreme Court justice lined the steps. Eight officers from theSupreme Court Police carried the casket up the steps into the Supreme Court and placed it atopthe catafalque previously used forthe funeral ofAbraham Lincoln.[58][59] Rabbi Lauren Holtzblatt ofAdas Israel Congregation, aConservative Judaismsynagogue in Washington, D.C., began the ceremony with a chanting of "Adonai Roi", a song of mourning fromPsalm 23, in both Hebrew and English,[58] and ended with "El Malei Rachamim", the prayer about a merciful God traditionally said for the departed.[60] The rabbi, who was an adviser to Justice Ginsburg and is married to Ari Holtzblatt, one of Ginsburg's former law clerks,[61] eulogized Ginsburg as "an American hero". She also said, "It's the rare prophet who not only imagines a new world but also makes that new world a reality in her lifetime. This was the brilliance and vision of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg."[58] This was followed by a eulogy from Chief Justice Roberts who described Ginsburg as a "rock star... tough, brave, a fighter, a winner, but also thoughtful, careful, compassionate, honest." In attendance at the short ceremony inside were all eight remaining justices as well as retired JusticeAnthony Kennedy.[59]
At around 11am, Ginsburg's casket was brought outside and placed near the top of the Supreme Court steps. Hundreds of people stood in line awaiting their turn to pay their respects.[58] A winding metal barricade had been installed onEast Capitol Street to accommodate the queue. The crowd filled the blocked-off street from1st to 2nd Street and extended onto the sidewalk on 2nd Street all the way up to the parking lot of theThomas Jefferson Building. Some had come fromPennsylvania,Louisiana, andVermont.[59] Several public figures also visited the casket on the first day, includingVice PresidentMike Pence andSecond LadyKaren Pence,[62] and formerPresidentBill Clinton and formerSecretary of State Hillary Clinton.[63] A large group of lawmakers from the Democratic Party also visited the casket, including senatorsChuck Schumer of New York,Ed Markey of Massachusetts,Chris Coons of Delaware, andPatrick Leahy of Vermont. Bernie Sanders, an independent senator from Vermont, andSusan Collins, a Republican senator fromMaine, also paid their respects.[58]
The following day, Ginsburg's casket was again placed at the top of the Supreme Court steps. President Trump and First LadyMelania Trump visited the casket just before 10am.[64] By then, people had begun gathering to await their turn to approach the casket. A crowd began booing and shouting at President Trump when he appeared behind the casket;[65] chants were heard including: "Vote him out!"[66] and "Honor her wish", a reference to Ginsburg's dictated statement days before her death that a successor not be appointed "until a new president is installed".[62]
Ginsburglay in state at theUnited States Capitol on September 25; she is both the first Jewish person and the first woman to be thus honored.[67][note 1] Ginsburg is the second justice to be honored in this way, the first being Chief JusticeWilliam Howard Taft, who had been the27th president before being appointed to the court.[69][70] Aside from lying in state, only one woman in history,civil rights movement leaderRosa Parks, had lain in honor at the US Capitol, in 2005 — a distinction given to private citizens, as opposed to government officials like Justice Ginsburg.[71] That morning, Ginsburg's casket was placed in ahearse that transported it from the Supreme Court Building across the street to the Capitol.[72] The hearse briefly paused before the Supreme Court before proceeding to the entrance of the Capitol.[73]
At around 10am, a US military honor guard carried the casket up the steps of the Capitol into theNational Statuary Hall.[74][72] The honor guard was led byShaye Lynne Haver, one of the first two women to graduate from the US ArmyRanger School.[75] After the casket was again placed on Lincoln's catafalque,[76] the military honor guard was replaced by an honor guard of four of theCapitol Police, who stood at the casket's four corners.[73] Speaker Pelosi opened the ceremony with a speech honoring Ginsburg.[67][77] This was followed by the mezzo-sopranoDenyce Graves, one of Ginsburg's favorite opera singers, performing thespiritual "Deep River" accompanied by Laura Ward on piano.[78][67][77] Holtzblatt, who had eulogized the justice two days earlier at the Supreme Court, gave another eulogy at the Capitol.[67][77] Graves then sangGene Scheer's "American Anthem".[77][67] The ceremony concluded with the current and former lawmakers in attendance approaching the casket to pay their respects.[73][76] While several Republicans attended the ceremony, McConnell and House minority leaderKevin McCarthy were not present.[67] AUS Army veteran who was Ginsburg's physical trainer, Bryant Johnson, later did threepush-ups in front of the casket.[79][80] An honor guard of at least two Capitol Police officers remained with the casket at all times while Ginsburg lay in state. At around 12:50pm, the military honor guard brought the casket out of the Capitol, down the steps, and placed it into a hearse which, flanked by police vehicles, drove away from the Capitol plaza, thus concluding the publicly held honors for Ginsburg.[81][82][83]
On September 29, a private funeral service was held atArlington National Cemetery where Ginsburg was buried beside her husband,Martin D. Ginsburg, a US Army veteran. The ceremony was officiated by Holtzblatt with only "family, close friends, justices, and Ginsburg's staff" in attendance. The ceremony concluded with a playing of opera singerLeontyne Price singing two songs byGiacomo Puccini. The grave is located in Section 5 where nine other justices are also buried, including three with whom Ginsburg had served.[6]
On the Republican side, President Trump's decision to quickly proceed with the nomination of a replacement for Ginsburg on the Supreme Court appeared to bring back together and energize the anti-abortion Evangelicals and conservatives, some of whom had begun to drift away from Trump. As a White House official toldThe Washington Post shortly after Ginsburg's death: "This is an animating issue for the entire right. It unifies everybody fromMitt Romney to the most hardcoreMAGA Trump person out there at a time when Trump needed that."[92]
In the hours following news of her death, more than $20million was donated to various Democratic politicians via theActBlue fundraising hub, more than quintuple the previous record amount.[93] Donations through ActBlue were reported to be around $80million within 24 hours[94] and more than $100 million was donated over the four days immediately following Ginsburg's death.[95] More than $20 million of that came in donations through a "Get Mitch or Die Trying" online campaign run by former Obama administration officials, who now hostPod Save America.[95][96]
Many Democrats, angered by Trump's and McConnell's decision to proceed with the confirmation for Ginsburg's replacement so close to the election, especially in view of the promises made during the course ofMerrick Garland's deniedSupreme Court nomination in 2016, again discussed the possibility of increasing the size of the U.S. Supreme Court if the Democrats took control of the Presidency and the Congress after the November 2020 election.[97][98]
Biden's presidential campaign sought to link Ginsburg's death with the ongoingCOVID-19 pandemic and other healthcare issues, particularly the ongoing Supreme Court caseCalifornia v. Texas regarding the fate of theAffordable Care Act (known as Obamacare), in which the court was set to hear arguments a week after the election date.[99]
Legal analysts also noted that the loss of Ginsburg from the Supreme Court could significantly affect the outcome of various legal challenges related to the presidential election, including those related toabsentee andmail voting.[100] President Trump indicated that he specifically wanted Ginsburg's replacement on the Supreme Court to be confirmed by the November 3 election date because he expected the court to resolve the disputes about the election outcome.[101] On September 26, Trump officially announced his nomination ofAmy Coney Barrett.[102][103]
^Baker, Peter (September 23, 2020)."Trump says he wants a conservative majority on the Supreme Court in case of an Election Day dispute".The New York Times.Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2020.'I think this will end up in the Supreme Court,' Mr. Trump told reporters at a White House event on social media, adopting an argument for quick action made by his ally, Senator Ted Cruz, Republican of Texas. 'And I think it's very important that we have nine justices,' instead of the eight seats currently filled.
^Flegenheimer, Matt; Burns, Alexander; Glueck, Katie; Haberman, Maggie; Fortin, Jacey; Graham, Ruth; Levenson, Michael; Martin, Jonathan; Liptak, Adam (September 26, 2020)."2020 Live Updates: Trump Selects Amy Coney Barrett as Supreme Court Nominee".The New York Times.Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2020.
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