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David and John Jardine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American architectural firm
319 Broadway inNew York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in theItalianate style and completed in 1870.
The former synagogue ofTemple Beth-El andCongregation Rodeph Sholom inNew York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in theHigh Victorian Gothic style and completed in 1873.
The Baumann Brothers building inNew York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in an eclectic style and completed in 1880.
The Wilbraham inNew York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in theRichardsonian Romanesque style and completed in 1890.
The formerMankato Public Library and Reading Room inMankato, Minnesota, designed by Jardine, Kent & Jardine in theItalian Renaissance Revival style and completed in 1903.
TheHarvard Crimson building inCambridge, Massachusetts, designed by Jardine, Hill & Murdock in theColonial Revival style and completed in 1915.
The formerCalvary Baptist Church and Salisbury Hotel inNew York City, designed by Jardine, Hill & Murdock in theGothic Revival style and completed in 1931.

The brothersDavid Jardine (July 1, 1840 – June 4, 1892) andJohn Jardine (1838 – June 23, 1920) were Scottish-born Americanarchitects in practice inNew York City. After immigrating to the United States in 1850, David Jardine opened an office in 1855. In 1865 he and brother John Jardine formed the partnership ofD. & J. Jardine, which would become "one of the more prominent, prolific and versatile architectural firms in the city in the second half of the 19th century".[1] After the death of David Jardine, the firm was continued by his brothers and their partners under the namesJardine, Kent & Jardine,Jardine, Kent & Hill,Jardine, Hill & Murdock andJardine, Murdock & Wright. It was dissolvedc. 1941, after about 86 years of continuous practice.

History

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The Jardine brothers were born nearWhithorn,Wigtownshire,Scotland, to Archibald Jardine, an architect and builder, and were trained by him. David Jardine was the first to immigrate to the United States in 1850. In 1855 he opened an architect's office of his own in New York City. For a few years before theAmerican Civil War he worked in partnership with Edward G. Thompson under the name Jardine & Thompson. During the war John Jardine immigrated. He spent the war designing severalmonitors and gunboats for the Union Army. The brothers formed their partnership in 1865. They were joined in 1872 by J. H. Van Norden and in 1884 by a third brother, George E. Jardine, as unnamed partners.[2][1] David died in June 1892 at the age of 51.[3] John and George, with William W. Kent, reorganized the firm as Jardine, Kent & Jardine. Kent had previously been associated withHenry Hobson Richardson andHeins & LaFarge and had practiced inBuffalo with his brother,Edward Austin Kent. George died in 1902 at the age of 51, though the name of the firm was not changed.[4]

All three Jardine brothers were members of theSaint Andrew's Society of the State of New York. John Jardine served as second vice president for 1898 and as first vice president for 1899, the first year ofAndrew Carnegie's presidency.[5] This connection to Carnegie may explain how Jardine, Kent & Jardine was commissioned to designCarnegie libraries inMinnesota,New Jersey,Pennsylvania andWashington.

In 1909 John and Kent were joined by Clinton Murdock Hill, an architect who had previously been a partner in the Boston firms of Bacon & Hill and Hill & James. The work of the latter includesAigremont (1907), a country house inWinchester, Massachusetts. In December 1910 they were joined by his cousin, Harris Hunnewell Murdock, a Harvard graduate and a former director and vice president of theLibrary Bureau. In 1911 the firm was renamed Jardine, Kent & Hill to reflect Hill's partnership.[6] That firm was active in the rebuilding of downtown Bangor, Kent's hometown, after itsGreat Fire. Kent retired from practice in 1912 and the firm was renamed Jardine, Hill & Murdock.[7] In 1920 John Jardine committed suicide. He had suffered from depression and had not been active in the firm for some time.[8] This left designer Hill and business manager Murdock as the sole surviving partners. Hill died in 1930,[9] and the firm was renamed Jardine, Murdock & Wright to include William H. Wright. In 1932Joseph V. McKee, acting mayor of New York City, appointed Murdock chair of theBoard of Standards and Appeals. The duties of his new position soon obligated his retirement from professional practice. The firm continued under Wright until at least 1941.[10] Murdock continued as chair of the Board of Standards and Appeals until his death in 1959, having been reappointed by succeeding city administrations.[11] In 1943 he had been elected aFellow of theAmerican Institute of Architects in recognition of his public service. He was the only principal of the firm to receive the honor.

Legacy

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At least six works by the Jardine firm have been listed on the United StatesNational Register of Historic Places, four of which have also been designatedNew York City Landmarks. Two additional works are solely New York City Landmarks.

The papers of John Jardine and his son, John E. Jardine, are conserved at the North Baker Research Library of theCalifornia Historical Society.[12]

Buildings

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D. & J. Jardine, 1865–1892

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Jardine, Kent & Jardine, 1892–1911

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Jardine, Kent & Hill, 1911–1912

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Jardine, Hill & Murdock, 1912–1930

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Notes

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  1. ^abcLandmarks Preservation Commission: The Wilbraham, 2004; this document has an extended list of commissions.
  2. ^"D. & J. Jardine, architects, no. 1262 Broadway" inHistory and Commerce of New York, 2nd ed. (New York: American Publishing and Engraving Company, 1891): 113.
  3. ^https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95909014/the-new-york-times/ “The New York Times”, (New York, New York), 02 Jun 1892, page 5
  4. ^"Obituary" inInland Architect and News Record 40, no. 4 (November 1902): 35.
  5. ^Morrison, George Austin (1906).History of Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York, 1756-1906. New York:Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York at Press of the Evening Post Job Printing Office. Retrieved23 August 2019.
  6. ^"Art and architecture" inArchitects' and Builders' Magazine (1911): 22.
  7. ^"Harris Hunnewell Murdock" inHarvard College Class of 1901: Secretary's Fourth Report (Cambridge: Crimson Printing Company, printers, 1916): 313.
  8. ^"John Jardine a suicide",The New York Times, 24 June 1920.
  9. ^"Clinton M. Hill 1873–1930" inArchitecture 62, no. 5 (November 1930): 41.
  10. ^"New store group in Forest Hills,"New York Times, November 11, 1941.
  11. ^"Harris H. Murdock dies," inEmpire State Architect 19, no. 4 (July–August 1959): 46.
  12. ^Guide to the John E. Jardine Papers, 1893-1941
  13. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 70.
  14. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 184.
  15. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 113.
  16. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 83.
  17. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 135.
  18. ^former house of Henry Knickerbocker
  19. ^Owners of Fifth Avenue Mansions in 1898
  20. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 21.
  21. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 150.
  22. ^Forgotten New York
  23. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 230.
  24. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 234.
  25. ^Presa, Donald G. (2010)."SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District Extension Designation Report"(PDF).NYC.gov. NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 4 February 2017. Retrieved8 August 2016.
  26. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 280.
  27. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 111.
  28. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 50.
  29. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 63.
  30. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 34.
  31. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 264.
  32. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 545.
  33. ^Brickbuilder (March 1901): 55.
  34. ^Catalogue of the 18th Annual Exhibition of the Architectural League of New York (1903)
  35. ^Mankato Public Library and Reading Room NRHP documentation (1980)
  36. ^Improvement Bulletin (August 17, 1901): 21.
  37. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 177.
  38. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 163.
  39. ^Burklyn Hall NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form (1973)
  40. ^abcGreat Fire of 1911 Historic District NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form (1984)
  41. ^"The real estate field,"New York Times, May 25, 1911.
  42. ^Douglass Shand-Tucci,Harvard University: An Architectural Tour (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2001): 123.
  43. ^Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon,AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 353.
  44. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 37.
  45. ^David W. Dunlap,From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 134-135.
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