Adata infrastructure is adigital infrastructure promotingdata sharing and consumption.
Similarly to otherinfrastructures, it is a structure needed for the operation of a society as well as the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function, the data economy in this case.
There is an intense discussion at international level one-infrastructures and data infrastructure serving scientific work. The European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) presented the first European roadmap for large-scale Research Infrastructures.[1] These are modeled as layered hardware and software systems which support sharing of a wide spectrum of resources, spanning from networks, storage, computing resources, and system-level middleware software, to structured information within collections, archives, and databases. Thee-Infrastructure Reflection Group (e-IRG) has proposed a similar vision. In particular, it envisions e-Infrastructures where the principles of global collaboration andshared resources are intended to encompass the sharing needs of all research activities.[2]
In the framework of theJoint Information Systems Committee (JISC) e-infrastructure programme, e-Infrastructures are defined in terms of integration of networks, grids,data centers andcollaborative environments, and are intended to include supporting operation centers, service registries, credential delegation services,certificate authorities, training andhelp desk services.[3] The Cyberinfrastructure programme launched by the USNational Science Foundation (NSF) plans to develop new research environments in which advanced computational, collaborative, data acquisition and management services are made available to researchers connected through high-performance networks.[4]
More recently, the vision for “global research data infrastructures” has been drawn by identifying a number of recommendations for developers of future research infrastructures.[5] This vision document highlighted the open issues affecting data infrastructures development – both technical and organizational – and identified future research directions. Besides these initiatives targeting “generic” infrastructures there are others oriented to specific domains, e.g. theEuropean Commission promotes theINSPIRE initiative for an e-Infrastructure oriented to the sharing of content and service resources of European countries in the ambit ofgeospatial datasets.[6]