Daniel Schultz | |
|---|---|
 Self-portrait ca. 1635, National Museum in Warsaw | |
| Born | c. 1615 |
| Died | 1683 (aged 67–68) Gdańsk, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Known for | Painting |
| Movement | Baroque |
| Patron(s) | John II Casimir Vasa, Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, John III Sobieski |
Jerzy (Georg)Daniel Schultz[1] known also asDaniel Schultz the Younger (c. 1615 – 1683) was a prominent painter of theBaroque era, born and active in thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2] He painted many Polish and Lithuanian nobles, members of the royal family, localPatricians, such as the astronomerJohannes Hevelius; animals, and hunts. His work can be found at theWawel Castle State Art Collections, theNational Museum inWarsaw, theStockholm National Museum, theHermitage Museum, and at theGdańsk National Museum.[1]
Born somewhere around 1615 inGdańsk (Danzig),[3] in Pomeranian Voivodeship,[4]Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Schultz learned the art of painting from his uncle,Daniel Schultz the Elder, another important painter, working in his workshop for about five years.[1] After his uncle's death he travelled toFrance and theNetherlands to continue his studies for about three years.[1]
Schultz became the leading artist at theWarsaw court of the Polish kings in the second half of the 17th century.[1] In 1649 he became a private painter to the Polish kingJohn II Casimir Vasa, and then to successor kingsMichael Wiśniowiecki andJohn III Sobieski.[1] Schultz returned to his hometown around 1660, yet from time to time worked on royal commissions in Warsaw, often in theWilanów Palace.[1] His great portraits of Polish kings and nobles are among the best examples of Baroque art in Poland. The most notable of his worksCrimean Falconer of King John II Casimir with his Family (also known asThe Family Portrait, today in the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg) was painted in 1664.[1] It depictsCrimeanAgha Dedesh (or Dedis) with his sons and servants.[5][6] The eldest son of Agha was entitledRoyal Falconer in reward for his father's support during thePolish war with Russia (1654–1667). This work was painted during Agha's visit to Warsaw after successful invasion of theLeft-bank Ukraine (1663–1664).[6] Rich color variations of cerise, dark green and orange create an ideal composition with silver-brown tone of the painting. Some of the portraits of John II are also well known -en pied propaganda portrait in Polish costume, when he was leading theBerestechko expedition and so-calledBielany portrait in armour with black glow of burningKraków in background.[7]
His greatest activity occurred during the reign of John II.[1] At that time Schultz painted manyportraits andreligious paintings. For the abdicating king he paintedSaint Casimir, which was later displayed in theAbbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés inParis (missing).[1] After the king's death, he painted hiscoffin portrait (now at theRoyal Castle in Warsaw), that was later placed in the Marble Room at the Royal Castle among preserved 22 effigies of thePolish monarchs byPeter Danckerts de Rij.[1] The inspirations ofRembrandt andPhilippe de Champaigne are visible in his works. During his career at the court he probably had contact with some of Rembrandt's works, as king John II was a passionate collector ofDutch paintings and by his agent inAmsterdam,Gerrit van Uylenburgh, he purchased many of his works (The bath of Diana,Actaeon among others).[8][9]
Schultz lived in Gdańsk at the same time as the engraverJeremias Falck (c. 1620–1664), who often engraved portraits after Schultz's paintings.
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