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Daily Worker

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American left-wing newspaper (1924–1958)
This article is about the American newspaper. For the British newspaper formerly of this name, seeMorning Star (British newspaper).
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Daily Worker
No. 254 of theDaily Worker (November 7, 1927)
TypeDailynewspaper
FormatBroadsheet and tabloid
Founded1924; 101 years ago (1924)
Ceased publicationJanuary 1958
Political alignmentCommunist; socialist
LanguageEnglish
Headquarters
CirculationVarious
Part ofa series on
Socialism in
the United States
History
Utopian socialism
Progressive Era
Red Scare
Anti-war andcivil rights movements
Contemporary
Parties
Active
Defunct

TheDaily Worker was a newspaper published inChicago, founded by communists, socialists, union members, and other activists.[1] Publication began in 1924.[2] It generally reflected the prevailing views of members of theCommunist Party USA (CPUSA); it also reflected a broader spectrum ofleft-wing opinion. At its peak, the newspaper achieved acirculation of 35,000. Contributors to its pages includedRobert Minor andFred Ellis (cartoonists),Lester Rodney (sports editor),David Karr,Richard Wright,John L. Spivak,Peter Fryer,Woody Guthrie, andLouis F. Budenz.

All works of the Daily Worker prior to 1964, are now in the public domain due to the nonrenewal of their copyright status.[3][4]

History

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Origins

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The origins of theDaily Worker were with the weeklyOhio Socialist published by theSocialist Party of Ohio inCleveland from 1917 to November 1919. The Ohio party joined the nascentCommunist Labor Party of America (CLP) at the1919 Emergency National Convention.

TheOhio Socialist only used whole numbers. Its final issue was #94 November 19, 1919. TheToiler continued this numbering, even though a typographical error made its debut issue #85 November 26, 1919. Beginning sometime in 1921 the volume number IV was added, perhaps reflecting the publications fourth year in print, though its issue numbers continued the whole number scheme. The final edition of theToiler was Vol IV #207 January 28, 1922. TheWorker continued theToilers numbering during its run Vol. IV #208 February 2, 1922 to Vol. VI #310 January 12, 1924. The first edition ofDaily worker was numbered Vol. I #311.[5]

TheOhio Socialist becameToiler in November 1919. In 1920, with the CLP going underground,Toiler became the party's "aboveground" newspaper published by "The Toiler Publishing Association." It remained as the Cleveland aboveground publication of the CLP and its successors until February 1922.[citation needed]

In December 1921 the "aboveground"Workers Party of America was founded and theToiler merged withWorkers Council of theWorkers' Council of the United States to found the six page weeklyThe Worker.

This became theDaily Worker beginning January 13, 1924.[5]

In 1927, the newspaper moved from Chicago to New York.[6]

Popular front changes

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May Day parade float with statue reading theDaily Worker

Beginning in thepopular front period of the 1930s, the paper broadened its coverage of the arts and entertainment. In 1935, it established a sports page, with contributions fromDavid Karr, the page was edited and frequently written byLester Rodney. The paper's sports coverage combined enthusiasm for baseball with the usual Marxist social critique of capitalist society and bourgeois attitudes. It advocated thedesegregation ofprofessional sports.[citation needed]

Post-World War II

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After a short hiatus, the party published a weekend paper calledThe Worker from 1958 until 1968. A Tuesday edition calledThe Midweek Worker was added in 1961 and also continued until 1968, when production was accelerated.[citation needed]

Two newspapers and a merger

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In 1968, the publication was resumed as a New York daily paper, now titledThe Daily World. In 1986, the paper merged with theWest Coast weekly paper, thePeople's World. The newPeople's Daily World published from 1987 until 1991, when daily publication was abandoned.[citation needed]

Contemporary claims of successors

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The new paper was cut back to a weekly issue and was retitledPeople's Weekly World (later retitled toPeople's World as to de-emphasize the weekly component). Print publication of thePeople's World ceased in 2010 in favor of an online edition.[citation needed] As of 2012[update],People's World claims that, "Peoplesworld.org is a daily news website of, for and by the 99% and the direct descendant of theDaily Worker." Its publisher is Long View Publishing Company. The online newspaper is a member of theInternational Labor Communications Association and is indexed in theAlternative Press Index. Its staff belong to theNewspaper Guild/CWA,AFL–CIO.[7]

Another publication, both in print asThe Worker and online asDaily Worker USA states that it is "ContinuingThe Daily Worker, Founded in 1924."The Worker is the Publication of the Central Committee of the Party of Communists USA, which itself claims to be the continuing the legacy of the old CPUSA, and The Worker has been printed and distributed since at least 2020.[8][9]

Leadership

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Editors

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1924–1928J. Louis Engdahl
1925–1936William F. Dunne
1928–1930Robert Minor
1930, 1933–1940Clarence Hathaway
1940–1945Louis F. Budenz
1945–1947Morris Childs
1946-?, 1956–1958Si Gerson
1947–1958John Gates

Masthead

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Staff members of theDaily Worker, 1934.
(L-R): Harry Raymond, Howard Boldt, Carl Reeve,Sender Garlin,Si Gerson,Harry Gannes,Jacob Burck, Milton Howard, and William Fuchs.

1920s

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1930s

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1940s

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1950s

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1970s

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Pamphlets

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Before the Party established the Workers Library Publishers in late 1927, the party used the Daily Worker Publishing Company imprint to publish its pamphlets.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Admin (August 25, 2009)."About People's World".People's World. RetrievedJuly 18, 2023.
  2. ^Pederson, Vernon (January 11, 2008)."Take It As Red".On The Media forNational Public Radio. Archived fromthe original on August 21, 2008.Founded in 1924, the Daily Worker – which ceased to be a daily 50 years ago – was the de facto house organ of American Communism.
  3. ^"FAQ: How To Find Out Whether a Copyright Was Renewed?".onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. RetrievedAugust 27, 2025.
  4. ^"The Daily Worker copyright information".onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. RetrievedAugust 27, 2025.
  5. ^abGoldwater, WalterRadical periodicals in America 1890-1950 New Haven, Yale University Library 1964 pp.10, 30, 42, 46
  6. ^"Guide to the Daily Worker and Daily World Photographs Collection". Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive. September 2018. RetrievedNovember 24, 2018.
  7. ^"About the People's World". People's World. August 25, 2009. RetrievedMarch 24, 2012.
  8. ^"About Us".The Worker. RetrievedApril 11, 2024.
  9. ^"Home".The Worker. RetrievedApril 11, 2024.
  10. ^abcdChambers, Whittaker (2001) [1952].Witness (50th anniversary ed.). Washington, DC: Regnery Pub. pp. 206–207,218–229,252–259.ISBN 978-0-89526-789-4.LCCN 52005149.OCLC 49674545.
  11. ^Morris, George (1952).A Tale of Two Waterfronts. Daily Worker. p. 31. RetrievedJune 12, 2021.

Further reading

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EnglishWikisource has original text related to this article:

Articles

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  • Fetter, Henry D. "The Party Line and the Color Line: The American Communist Party, theDaily Worker and Jackie Robinson."Journal of Sport History 28, no. 3 (Fall 2001).
  • Gottfried, Erika, "Shooting Back: TheDaily Worker Photographs Collection,"American Communist History, vol. 12, no. 1 (April 2013), pp. 41–69.
  • Lamb, Christopher and Rusinack, Kelly E. "Hitting From the Left: The Daily Worker's Assault on Baseball's Color Line". Gumpert, Gary and Drucker, Susan J., eds.Take Me Out to the Ballgame: Communicating Baseball. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2002.
  • Rusinack, Kelly E. "Baseball on the Radical Agenda: The Daily and Sunday Worker Journalistic Campaign to Desegregate Major League Baseball, 1933-1947". Dorinson, Joseph, and Woramund, Joram, eds.Jackie Robinson: Race, Sports, and the American Dream. New York: E. M. Swift, 1998.
  • Smith, Ronald A. "The Paul Robeson-Jackie Robinson Saga and a Political Collision".Journal of Sport History 6, no. 2 (1979).

Theses

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  • Evans, William Barrett. "Revolutionist Thought in the Daily Worker, 1919-1939". Ph.D. diss. University of Washington, 1965.
  • Jeffries, Dexter. "Richard Wright and the ‘Daily Worker’: A Native Son’s Journalistic Apprenticeship". Ph.D. diss. City University of New York, 2000.
  • Rusinack, Kelly E. "Baseball on the Radical Agenda: The Daily and Sunday Worker on Desegregating Major League Baseball, 1933-1947". M.A. Thesis, Clemson University, South Carolina, 1995.
  • Shoemaker, Martha Mcardell. "Propaganda or Persuasion: The Communist Party and Its Campaign to Integrate Baseball". Master’s thesis. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1999.

Books

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  • Hemingway, Andrew.Artists on the Left: American Artists and the Communist Movement, 1926-1956. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2002.
  • Schappes, Morris U.The Daily Worker: Heir to the Great Tradition. New York: Daily Worker, 1944.
  • Silber, Irwin.Press Box Red: The Story of Lester Rodney, the Communist Who Helped Break the Color Line in American Sports. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2003.

External links

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