 | |
 Daihatsu headquarters in Ikeda, Osaka | |
Native name | ダイハツ工業株式会社 |
|---|---|
Romanized name | Daihatsu Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Predecessor | Hatsudoki Seizo Co., Ltd (1907–1951) |
| Founded | 1 March 1951; 74 years ago (1951-03-01) |
| Founders | Saneyasu Oka Zenjiro Takeuchi Yoshiaki Yasunaga Seishiro Tsurumi Masashi Kuwabara |
| Headquarters | , Japan |
Area served |
|
Key people | Masahiro Inoue (president) |
| Products | Automobiles,engines |
Production output |  1,787,991 vehicles (1,477,462 excluding Perodua)[1][note 1] (FY2022) |
| Revenue | ¥1,493 billion[2] (FY2022) |
 ¥38 billion[2] (FY2022) | |
| ¥77 billion[2] (FY2022) | |
| Total assets | ¥944 billion[2] (FY2022) |
| Total equity | ¥387 billion[2] (FY2022) |
Number of employees | 12,508 (April 2023)[1] |
| Parent | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Subsidiaries |
|
| Website | daihatsu.com |
Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. (Japanese:ダイハツ工業株式会社,Hepburn:Daihatsu Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese automobile manufacturer headquartered inIkeda, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.[3]
One of the oldest surviving Japaneseinternal combustion engine manufacturers, the company was known for building three-wheeled vehicles andoff-road vehicles, while currently the company offers a range ofkei car models, along withkei trucks, kei vans and other larger small cars in Japan. Because of the company's focus on kei cars, 70 percent of Daihatsu drivers in Japan are female.[4] The company produces entry-levelcompact cars in Japan andSoutheast Asia, which are often supplied to globalemerging markets under theToyota brand.
As of 2023[update], Daihatsu's presence has been limited to Japan and Indonesia under the Daihatsu brand, and Malaysia under thePerodua brand, where the company has significantresearch and development resources, manufacturing facilities and sales operations.[5]
Since August 2016, the company has been awholly-owned subsidiary of the Toyota Motor Corporation. As of 2021[update], Daihatsu accounts for four percent of Toyota Group's total vehicle sales.[5]
The name "Daihatsu" is a combination of the first symbol (kanji) ofŌsaka (大) and the first of the word "engine manufacture" (発動機製造,hatsudōki seizō). In the new combination thereading of the "大"is changed fromō todai, givingdai hatsu.[6]
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Daihatsu was officially formed on March 1, 1951, as a successor toHatsudoki Seizo Co. Ltd, founded in 1907, as part of Hatsudoki's major restructuring. Hatsudoki's formation was largely influenced by the Engineering Department's faculty ofOsaka University, to develop a gasoline-powered engine for small, stationary power plants. From the beginning of the company until 1930, when a prototype three-wheeler truck was considered and proposed, Hatsudoki's focus was largely steam engines forJapanese National Railways and included rail carriages for passenger transportation. The company then focused on railroad diesel engines, working with Niigata Engineering and Shinko Engineering Co., Ltd. Before the company began to manufacture automobiles, their primary Japanese competitor wasYanmar for diesel engines that were not installed in a commercial truck to provide motivation.
The company's decision to focus on automobile production and related technologies was influenced by the early days of automobile manufacturing in Japan during the late 1920s and 1930s, when bothFord andGeneral Motors had opened factories in Japan and enjoyed a considerable market share. Ford opened a factory at Yokohama in March 1925 and in 1927 GM openedOsaka Assembly until both factories were appropriated by the Imperial Japanese Government beforeWorld War II.[7]
During the 1960s, Daihatsu began exporting its range to Europe, where it did not have major sales success until well into the 1980s. In Japan, the majority of Daihatsu models occupies thekei car segment.
Daihatsu was an independent automaker untilToyota Motor Corporation became a major shareholder in 1967 as the Japanese government intended to open up the domestic market.[8] According to Toyota, it was first approached by Sanwa Bank, banker of Daihatsu.[9] In 1995, Toyota increased its shareholding in the company from 16.8% to 33.4% by acquiring shares from other shareholders: banks and insurance companies.[8] At the time, the company was producing mini-vehicles and some small cars under contract for Toyota.[8] Toyota, by owning more than a one-third stake, would be able to veto shareholder resolutions at the annual meeting.[8] In 1998, Toyota increased its holding in the company to 51.2% by purchasing shares from its major shareholders including financial institutions.[10]
Following the2008 financial crisis, Daihatsu's sales in Europe plummeted, from 58,000 in 2007 to 12,000 in 2011.[11] Daihatsu pulled out of the European market by 2013, citing the persistently strongyen, which makes it difficult for the company to make a profit from its export business.[12]
In August 2011, Daihatsu invested 20 billion yen ($238.9 million) in Indonesia to build a factory that produces low-cost cars under theLow Cost Green Car scheme.[13] The construction had been initialized on 70,000 square meters on May 27, 2011 and started operations at the end of 2012, producing up to 100,000 cars per year.[14]
In August 2016, Daihatsu became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation. In January 2017, Daihatsu and Toyota jointly established an internal company to develop compact vehicles for emerging markets called the 'Emerging-market Compact Car Company'. Under the internal company, Daihatsu is responsible of product planning and quality planning of the vehicles, while both Toyota and Daihatsu are jointly responsible of product and business planning. To support the company, Toyota Motor Asia Pacific Engineering and Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (TMAP-EM) in Thailand was renamed to Toyota Daihatsu Engineering and Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (TDEM).[15]
In October 2016, Daihatsu and Toyota announced a newvehicle architecture called theDaihatsu New Global Architecture (DNGA) was being developed.[16] The second-generationMira e:S was revealed as the first DNGA model in 2017,[17] although the company later revised the definition of DNGA and launched thefourth-generation Tanto claiming it as the first DNGA model instead.[18]
From 2020 to 2022, Daihatsu trained employees from less-profitable sister companyToyota Motor East Japan to improve the latter's systems on development and production of small cars.[19]
In April 2023, Daihatsu was found to have rigged safety tests for 88,000 cars, most of which were sold asToyota Yaris to Thailand, Mexico andGulf Cooperation Council countries. The door trim ofside-collision test cars was notched in order to minimize the risk of injury, but the modification was not applied to production vehicles.[20]
In December 2023, the company halted shipments of 64 models, including products sold byMazda,Subaru, and two dozen models branded as Toyotas, after safety investigations uncovered misconduct far greater in scope than previously expected. In some models, theairbag control unit used in testing was different from the part installed on vehicles sold to the public. Results of speed tests andheadrest impact tests had also been falsified. The cases went back as far as 1989 and became particularly prevalent after 2014. Affected markets included Japan as well as Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Thailand, Uruguay, and Vietnam.[21] The company announced that it would shut down all four of its manufacturing plants in Japan until the end of January 2024,[22] but production was halted until February through April 2024 when the shipment ban was also lifted.[23]
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The company was founded in 1907 as Hatsudoki Seizo Co., Ltd, but was officially incorporated as Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd on March 1, 1951. In 1963, the company introduced the Daihatsu Compagno, a car that utilized multiple body styles on one platform, and the long-running "D" logo was introduced. One year later, on September 1, 1964, Daihatsu built its millionth vehicle. In 1965, the Daihatsu Compagno Berlina was launched in the United Kingdom, marking the first time a Japanese car was marketed in the UK.[24]
In 1967, Daihatsu began cooperating with Toyota Motor Corporation, and by 1968, the company celebrated the production of its one millionth Daihatsu kei car.[25] The two millionth Daihatsu was built in 1969.[26] In 1971, Daihatsu launched the first generation of its Delta Truck model in Japan, a Toyota-influenced six-ton cargo truck. By 1975, Daihatsu began supplying diesel engines to the SEMAL motor vehicle company of Portugal for theirPortaro and Tagus 4X4 off-road vehicles.
The 1980s saw significant milestones for Daihatsu, including the production of its three millionth kei car by 1980.[27] In 1987, the company entered the US automotive market with the Hijet, followed by the introduction of the Rocky and Charade in 1988. However, in 1992, Daihatsu ceased sales in the US and halted production of US-spec vehicles.
In 1998, Toyota acquired a controlling interest in Daihatsu, taking 51.2% of the company. Daihatsu's presence in Europe also started to dwindle in the 2010s, with the company announcing that sales of its vehicles would cease in Europe by January 31, 2013. In 2011, Daihatsu invested 20 billion yen (approximately $238.9 million) in a factory in Indonesia to produce low-cost cars.[13]
In 2016, Toyota purchased Daihatsu's remaining assets, making Daihatsu a wholly owned subsidiary[28]
Daihatsu's first export was in 1953, and by 1980 half a million Daihatsu vehicles had been exported.[34] In 1979 a European main office was established inBrussels, tasked with controlling and expanding Western European exports.[27] Since the late 1990s, its exports have been steadily contracting. This has been partially offset by the sale of Daihatsu vehicles through the Toyota channel, and the sale of technology to Malaysia'sPerodua. Daihatsu has alsosupplied cars under different badges to various automakers in the past. The company currently provides engines and transmissions to Malaysia's Perodua, which manufactures and markets rebadged Daihatsu cars locally, and sold a small number of Perodua cars in the United Kingdom and Ireland until 2012.
In February 1992 it began exporting cars to North America and from 1994 to 1999 it exported the Terios and Cuore models to Brazil. With the rise of the US currency and the Asian crisis, the brand stopped exporting to Brazil.[35]
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Following the1997 Asian financial crisis, Daihatsu closed their plants in Thailand and withdrew from the market entirely.[36] Until withdrawing in March 1998 they had mostly been selling theMira range in Thailand; the Mira was also built there with certain local modifications.
Daihatsu had formerly soldCharades andMiras in Malaysia since it first began operations in the country as a joint venture in 1980; after the launch of Perodua, Daihatsu's Malaysian operations were scaled down to concentrate exclusively on the commercial vehicles market, selling itsDelta andGran Max commercial truck chassis.
In Indonesia, Daihatsu remains a major player as a partner ofAstra Daihatsu Motor, overseeing the local assembly of a wide range of private and commercial Daihatsu models for the Indonesia market since 1992. Astra Daihatsu Motor is the largest car producer in Indonesia by production output and installed capacity, and Daihatsu is the second best-selling car brand in Indonesia behind Toyota.
It was reported on March 31, 2005, that Toyota would withdraw Daihatsu from the Australian market after sales fell heavily in the years leading up, in spite of the overall new-car market in Australia growing 7%. Daihatsu ended its Australian operations in March 2006 after almost 40 years there.[37] At the time the marque sold theCharade,Copen,Delta,Sirion andTerios models.[38]
Toyota New Zealand announced on April 8, 2013 that sales of new Daihatsu vehicles in the country would cease by the end of the year, citing a lack of products that would comply with future NZ regulatory standards. No additional new vehicles were being imported as of the announcement date.[39]
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Daihatsu's operations in Chile, where Daihatsu is well known for its 1970s models such as the Charade or Cuore, were also threatened after low sales in 2004 and 2005. Toyota has stated that it intended to persist in the Chilean market, where only the Terios model was available until it was rebranded as the Toyota Rush in August 2016, as Daihatsu left that market.[40][41]
InTrinidad and Tobago, Daihatsu has had a market presence since 1958 when itsMark I Midget was a popular choice among market tradesmen. From 1978 until 2001, a local dealer marketed the Charmant, Rocky, Fourtrak, and then later, the Terios and Grand Move which were popular. The Delta chassis remained popular from its introduction in 1985 until today. Toyota Trinidad and Tobago Ltd. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Japan) now markets Daihatsu Terios, YRV and Sirion under stiff competition.
In the United States, Daihatsus were marketed from 1988 until 1992 but were hampered by the1990s recession, and that their products had very little impact as the company's compact and fuel economic cars did not align with the perceived needs of American customers. Only theCharade and theRocky were sold. Beginning in 1987, Daihatsu also sold theHijet in the United States as an off-road only utility vehicle.
Daihatsu andBombardier Inc. had been planning to open an assembly plant for the Charade in Canada in 1989, with the ultimate goal of building a small car of Bombardier's design to market in North America.[42] These plans didn't eventuate. After Daihatsu's withdrawal from the US market,Toyota, which had recently purchased a controlling interest in Daihatsu, continued to provide after-sales support for existing Daihatsu customers through at least 2002.
European imports began in 1979. The company had little or no presence in countries with protectionist barriers, such as France and Spain—where local manufacturers also targeted the same market segment as Daihatsu. Daihatsu sold mainly in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands.[43] In Italy, Daihatsu partnered with local small car expertsInnocenti in 1982 as a backdoor to several continental markets.[44] The Italian manufacturer used Daihatsu drivetrains in their cars from 1983 until 1993.[45]
Beginning in 1992, Piaggio manufactured theHijet microvan and truck locally, as thePiaggio Porter, Innocenti Porter, or Daihatsu Hijet. It remains available as of 2020 and is also built in India. In the mid-1980s, Daihatsu also briefly importedCharade assembled byAlfa Romeo's South African subsidiary to Italy, in another effort to circumvent import restrictions.[45]
Daihatsu announced on January 13, 2011, that sales of Daihatsu motor cars would cease across Europe on January 31, 2013. This was due to the increasing strength of the Japanese yen, which had increased prices beyond competitive levels. Daihatsu had no stock of new Daihatsu cars in the UK at the time and did not intend to import any more cars in the interim period.[46]
From 1983 until 1985, Alfa Romeo's South African branch assembled the Charade for local sales and for export to Italy.[45] In April 2015, the company pulled out of South Africa.[47]
Daihatsu has had a long-running development program for electric vehicles, beginning with the production of "pavilion cars" for the1970 Osaka World Expo and continuing with the production of golf carts and vehicles for institutional use, such as the DBC-1.[48] An electric version of the company'sFellow Max kei car also followed, the beginning of a series of prototypes. The1973 oil crisis provided further impetus and at the 20thTokyo Motor Show (1973) Daihatsu displayed a 550 W electric trike (TR-503E),[49] the BCX-III electric car prototype and daihatsu's ownEV1.[50]
Daihatsu showed more prototypes through the 1970s, for instance at the 1979 Sydney Motor Show, and then joined the Japanese Electric Vehicle Association's PREET program (Public Rent and Electronic Towncar) with an electric version of theMax Cuore kei car. The program allowed registered users access to the cars with a magnetized card and charged according to mileage used.[51]
In November 1974, Daihatsu released the Hallo (ES38V), a tilting trike powered by an electric motor and two 12V batteries.[52]
In December 2011, Daihatsu released the Pico EV Concept, aquadricycle powered by an electric motor.
The company released amild hybrid technology called theDaihatsu Mild Hybrid System in 2007,[53] and is used in theHijet/Atrai Hybrid-IV.
In November 2021, Daihatsu released their first mass-producedfull hybrid system. Marketed as the "e-Smart Hybrid", it is aseries hybrid system as opposed to Toyota's more advancedparallel hybrid technology. The technology was first used by the hybrid version of theA200 series Rocky. It is also used by the Toyota-branded model, the Raize under the common "Hybrid Synergy Drive" branding.[54]
In 1973, Daihatsu presented an electric tilting trike at theTokyo Motor Show. This entered production in 1975 as the Hallo.[55] Daihatsu also released a petrol powered version using a 50 cc two-stroke engine.
Daihatsu is well known with its signaturestylized D logo. It debuted in September 1963 on theCompagno as the first automobile with the Daihatsu D logo. From its establishment in 1951 until 1969, Daihatsu also used aFord-like logo, withDaihatsu vintage-style cursive wordmark (outside Japan) and Daihatsu wordmark in katakana, written inside an ellipse. Daihatsu had a secondary logo, based on a stylized drawing ofOsaka Castle, as installed on its three-wheeler trucks during the 1950s to 1960s. The script logo remained in use as Daihatsu's corporate logo and appeared on Daihatsu product catalogues and brochures until November 1969. Hence in the 1950s and 1960s Daihatsu was commonly referred to as Japan's Ford, and as the Japanese equivalent to Ford. In December 1969, this logo was discontinued and Daihatsu officially used theD logo as its corporate logo. Except in Indonesia, the first Daihatsu logo was used in brochures until about 1977 or 1978.
The famous D logo is a stylized, modernized version of the D in the earlier logo and resembles theda in katakana, as well as rocket shape and right arrow, representing Daihatsu's spirit to keep moving forward and growing for excellence. The stylized D is also an initialism for Daihatsu. Beginning in January 1970, the Daihatsu wordmark was written in Eurostile font and placed below the D logo.
The D logo as the corporate logo, the white D placed inside the red rectangle, has been used from late 1969 onwards. The first version of the D logo, surrounded with circle, was used on Daihatsu automobiles from 1963 until 1979. From 1979 to 1989, the D logo was surrounded by a dark grey rectangle. In November 1989, following the launch ofToyota's famous current logo, the D logo was surrounded by an oval, and made in chrome. The chrome D logo is used today, with several revisions, the most recent is a bolder and bigger chrome D logo introduced in 2004.
Themascot for Daihatsu Motors is Kakukaku Shikajika (カクカクシカジカ), ananthropomorphicdeer character. Created by illustratorChiharu Sakazaki [ja] (who also designed the mascot for theSuica smart card system),[56] he wears a white shirt as well as black pants, and is drawn in a lineless artstyle.[57] According to a Daihatsu representative, he has a "cool and slightly cynical" personality.[58]
He has appeared in plenty of animatedcommercials for the company, as well as variousmerchandise andpromo items primarily in Japan.[57] Originally used to advertise theDaihatsu Move Conte (including his own special edition of the vehicle[59]), he's been used on and off in marketing materials since 2008.[58]
He has also appeared in commercials aired duringNew Year's Day discussing the company's sales. In 2018, they had the most commercials running for a single company within the first three days of the year on Japanese TV. Due to the 2023 emissions scandal, this was temporarily halted which led to disappointment from television viewers in the country.[60]
Kakukaku also has acult following in thefurry community, affectionately called the Kakukult, who has drawnfanart of the character.
There is also a lesser known mascot named Tufton, a blue bird character designed to advertise theDaihatsu Taft line.[61]
Daihatsu's first, and oldest factory, called Ikeda Plant 1 was built in May 1939 inIkeda, Osaka.[62] The second factory was built May 1961 and is called Ikeda Plant 2. It houses the Osaka HQ office that was established March 1965. The company maintains an office in Tokyo, that was originally opened as Hatsudoki Seizo Co. Ltd. in June 1933 the Daihatsu Building.
Daihatsu currently [when?] has two factories inRyūō, Shiga. The first factory was opened in April 1974, and the second one in January 1989. Daihatsu opened a factory in April 1973 inŌyamazaki, Kyoto. Daihatsu opened two factories inNakatsu, Ōita starting in November 2004 with Nakatsu Plant 1, followed by Nakatsu Plant 2 in November 2007. The Kurume Plant was opened in August 2008 inKurume. It houses the Daihatsu Group Kyushu Development Center which opened in 2014.
As of May 2021[update], the following vehicles are built by Daihatsu in Japan:
| Daihatsu | Mazda | Subaru | Toyota | Body style | Kei | Plant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atrai | Sambar Dias | MPV | Yes | Nakatsu 1 | ||
| Boon | Passo | Hatchback | No | Ikeda 2 | ||
| Cast | Pixis Joy | Hatchback | Yes | Nakatsu 2 | ||
| Copen | Roadster | Yes | Ikeda 2 | |||
| Hijet Cargo | Sambar Van | Pixis Van | Van | Yes | Nakatsu 1 | |
| Hijet Truck | Sambar Truck | Pixis Truck | Truck | Yes | Nakatsu 1 | |
| Mira e:S | Pleo Plus | Pixis Epoch | Hatchback | Yes | Nakatsu 2 | |
| Mira Tocot | Hatchback | Yes | Nakatsu 2 | |||
| Move | Stella | Hatchback | Yes | Nakatsu 2 | ||
| Move Canbus | MPV | Yes | Kyoto, Ryūō 2 | |||
| Rocky | Rex | Raize | Crossover | No | Ryūō 2 | |
| Taft | Crossover | Yes | Nakatsu 2 | |||
| Tanto | Chiffon | MPV | Yes | Ryūō 2 | ||
| Thor | Justy | Roomy | MPV | No | Ikeda 2 | |
| Wake | Pixis Mega | MPV | Yes | Nakatsu 1 | ||
| Familia Van | Probox | Station wagon | No | Kyoto 2 |
| Daihatsu | Perodua | Mazda | Toyota | Body style | Plant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayla | Axia | Agya/Wigo | Hatchback | Karawang (ADM) | |
| Serendah (PGMSB) | |||||
| Bezza | Sedan | Serendah (PGMSB) | |||
| Gran Max | Bongo | TownAce/LiteAce | Van/truck | Sunter (ADM) | |
| Luxio | MPV | Sunter (ADM) | |||
| Rocky | Ativa | Raize | Crossover | Karawang (ADM) | |
| Rawang (PMSB) | |||||
| Sigra | Calya | MPV | Karawang (ADM) | ||
| Sirion | Myvi | Hatchback | Rawang (PMSB) | ||
| Terios | Aruz | Rush | SUV | Karawang (ADM) | |
| Rawang (PMSB) | |||||
| Xenia | Alza | Avanza/Veloz | MPV/SUV | Karawang (ADM) | |
| Rawang (PMSB) |
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