| Dahshur boats | |
|---|---|
 One of the boats during excavations | |
| Type | Funeral boats |
| Material | Cedar wood |
| Length | 10 metres (33 ft) |
| Width | 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) |
| Created | c. 1870-1831 BC |
| Discovered | Dahshur |
| Discovered by | Jacques de Morgan |
| Culture | Ancient Egypt |
TheDahshur boats are a group ofancient Egyptianfuneral boats, originally numbering five or six, discovered near thefunerary complex of the12th DynastypharaohSenusret III.[1]
The boats were found during excavations on the plain ofDahshur in 1894 and 1895 by French archaeologistJacques de Morgan.[2] His original excavation report recorded six boats; however, later reports by de Morgan stated there were only five.[1] The boats fell into obscurity until two of the boats were studied in the mid-1980s.[2] As of 2022, the locations of only four of the boats are known; The Carnegie boat and the Chicago boat are in the United States, located in theCarnegie Museum of Natural History inPittsburgh, and theField Museum of Natural History inChicago, respectively. The Red boat and the White boat were on display in theCairo Museum, but were later relocated to theSharm El-Sheikh Museum.[1][3]
The boats are each about 10 metres (33 ft) long and are constructed ofcedar wood.[1][4] They were once vibrantly painted, with white decks and either green or yellow hulls.[1]
All four of the boats currently exhibitdovetail joints between planks.[1] Dovetail joints are commonly seen inancient Egyptian furniture, and other wooden objects, such as coffins, but have rarely been observed on watercraft.[1] More commonly, Egyptian boats used a system of rope lashings andmortise and tenon joints, which helped to keep the hull planks from separating under stress.[1] The only places this is visible on the Dahshur boats, are the bow, stern, and the uppermoststrake.[1] Dovetail joints were also present on sledges found near the boats.[1] A theory has been proposed stating the dovetail joints found on the boats are instead simply lashing cuts that were modified after the boats excavation.[1][5] However, in 2006, excavations at the 12th Dynasty port ofWadi Gawasis claim to have uncovered boat timbers that employed dovetail joints in the same way as the Dahshur boats.[1][6]
The boats are thought to have been used to carry the body of the Senusret III down theNile, and were then transported over land tohis Pyramid by sledges.[1][5] These sledges were found buried next to the boats during de Morgan's excavations.[1]
The Carnegie boat was donated to theCarnegie Museum of Natural History in 1901 byAndrew Carnegie. When he purchased the boat he did not tell the Museum Director,W.J. Holland. When the boat arrived, Holland toldThe Pittsburgh Times he “had not been in correspondence with anyone regarding such a relic.”[7] It is undergoing conservation in a visible laboratory at Carnegie Museum of Natural History.[8]
The Chicago boat was acquired by theField Museum of Natural History in 1900, and has been on display in the museum since then.[4][9]
The Red boat and White boat were both given their names by de Morgan. However, they are officially known only by their General Catalogue numbers: GC 4926 for the Red boat and GC 4925 for the White boat.[1] The boats were displayed in theCairo Museum from 1910 to 2020, when they were relocated to theSharm El-Sheikh Museum.[3][10] During their move to the Sharm El-Sheikh Museum, the two boats were transported using a stainless steel chassis for easy movement and lifting.[10]
The fate of the possible fifth boat described by de Morgan is unknown. It has been theorized that it was exported to a museum in Europe, or left in Dahshur. It may also have been destroyed by fire, with evidence of fire damage found on one of the other boats.[1]
_-_013.jpg)
.jpg)
