Daegu (Korean: 대구[tɛ̝.ɡu]), formerly spelledTaegu[a] and officiallyDaegu Metropolitan City (대구광역시), is a city in southeastern South Korea. It is the third-largesturban agglomeration in South Korea afterSeoul andBusan; the fourth-largestmetropolitan city in the nation with over 2.3 million residents;[6] and the second-largest city after Busan in theYeongnamregion in southeastern South Korea. Daegu and the surroundingNorth Gyeongsang Province are often referred to asDaegu-Gyeongbuk, with a total population of over 5 million.
Daegu was an economic motor of Korea during the 1960s–1980s period. The humid subtropical climate of Daegu is ideal for producing high-quality apples, thus the nickname, "Apple City".[7] Daegu is also known as "Textile City",[8] as textiles used to be the main industry of the city. With the establishment of theDaegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone, Daegu currently focuses on fostering fashion and high-tech industries.
Archaeological investigations in the Greater Daegu area have revealed a large number of settlements and burials of the prehistoricMumun pottery period (around 1500–300 BC). In fact, some of the earliest evidence of Mumun settlement in Gyeongsangdo have been excavated from Siji-dong and Seobyeon-dong.[9] Dongcheon-dong is one of the substantial Mumun agricultural villages that have been excavated.[10] The Dongcheon-dong site dates back to the Middle Mumun (around 850–550 BC) and contains the remains of many prehistoric pit-houses and agricultural fields. Megalithic burials (dolmens) have also been found in large numbers in Daegu.
Ancient historical texts indicate that during theProto–Three Kingdoms (Mahan,Jinhan, andByeonhan) period, Daegu was the site of a chiefdom or walled-town polity known from that time, according to historical records, asDalgubeol. It was absorbed into the kingdom ofSilla no later than the fifth century. The vestiges of the wall can be seen, and relics have been excavated in the currentDalseong Park.
Silla succeeded in unifying the Korean peninsula by defeating the other kingdoms ofBaekje andGoguryeo in the late seventh century, partly due to assistance from China'sTang dynasty. Shortly thereafter, in 689, Silla's KingSinmun considered moving the capital fromGyeongju to Daegu, but was unable to do so.[11] This initiative is known only through a single line in theSamguk sagi, a most valued historical record of ancient Korea by Koryeo dynasty historianKim Pusik, but it is presumed to indicate both an attempt by the Silla king to reinforce royal authority and the entrenched resistance of the Gyeongju political elites that was the likely cause of the move's failure.[12] The city was given its current name in 757.
In the late 1990s, archaeologists excavated a large-scale fortified Silla site in Dongcheon-dong, Buk-gu.[13] The site at Locality 2 consists of the remains of 39 raised-floor buildings enclosed by a formidable ditch-and-palisade system. The excavators hypothesize that the fortified site was a permanent military encampment or barracks. Archaeologists also uncovered a large Silla village dating to the sixth to seventh centuries AD at Siji-dong.[9]
During theLater Three Kingdoms period, 892–936, Daegu was initially aligned withLater Baekje. In 927, northern Daegu was the site of the Battle of Gong Mountain between the forces ofGoryeo underWang Kŏn and those of Later Baekje underKyŏn Hwŏn. In this battle, the forces of Goryeo were crushed and Wang Kŏn himself was saved only by the heroic deed of his generalSin Sung-gyŏm. However, the atrocities of the Later Baekje forces at this time apparently changed local sympathizers to favor Wang Kŏn, who later became the king ofGoryeo.
Numerous place names and local legends in the area still bear witness to the historic battle of 927. Among these are "Ansim", which literally means "peace of mind", said to be the first place where Wang Geon dared to stop after escaping the battle, and "Banwol", or half-moon, where he is said to have stopped and admired the moon before returning to Goryeo. A statue commemorating the battle now stands in northern Daegu, as does a memorial to Sin Sung-gyŏm.
In theGoryeo period, the first edition of theTripitaka Koreana was stored in Daegu, at the temple of Buinsa.[14] However, this edition was destroyed when the temple was sacked in 1254, during theMongol invasions of Korea.[15]
Daegu served as an important transportation center during theJoseon dynasty, being located in the middle of theGreat Yeongnam Road which ran between Seoul and Busan, at the junction of this arterial road and the roads to Gyeongju andJinju.
In 1601, Daegu became the administrative capital of theGyeongsang Province, which is currently Daegu,Busan,Ulsan,North Gyeongsang Province, andSouth Gyeongsang Province. At about that time, the city began to grow into a major city. The status continued for nearly 300 years, and the city has been transformed as the capital of Gyeongsangbuk-do since Gyeongsang-do was divided into two provinces, Gyeongsangbuk-do (northern Gyeongsang-province) and Gyeongsangnam-do (southern one) in 1896.
Daegu's first regular markets were established during the late Joseon period. The most famous of these is theYangnyeongsi herbal medicine market. This became a center of herbal trade in Joseon, and even attracted buyers from neighboring countries. Traders from Japan, who were not permitted to leave theNakdong River valley, hired messengers to visit the market on their behalf.Seomun Market, which stood at the city's west gate at that time, was one of the top-three markets in the Joseon period.
Japanese imperialism forcibly opened up Korea's markets beginning in the late 19th century. In 1895, Daegu became the site of one of the country's first modernpost offices, as a part of the 'Gab-o' reforms introduced in the aftermath of theFirst Sino-Japanese war.[16]
Beginning in the late 1890s, increasing numbers of foreign merchants and workers started to visit Daegu, which emerged as a modern transportation center of the newly constructedGyeongbu Line main railroad connecting Seoul and Busan.
In 1905, the old fortress wall was destroyed. As a tribute to the wall, streets that now run where the wall once stood have been namedBukseongno, Namseongno,Dongseongno and Seoseongno, which translates as "north fortress street", "south fortress street", "east fortress street" and "west fortress street" respectively.
Emblem of Taikyu-fu (Daegu Prefecture), when Daegu was under Japanese rule
Independence movements against imperial aggression flourished in Daegu, beginning as early as 1898, when a branch of theIndependence Club was established in the town.[17] As the demise of theKorean Empire approached in 1907, local citizens led bySeo Sang-don organized theNational Debt Repayment Movement. The movement spread nationwide, collecting many individual donations toward repaying the national debt. Rebellions continued after the 1910 annexation to Japan, notably during theMarch First Movement of 1919. At that time, four major demonstrations took place in Daegu, involving an estimated 23,000 citizens.[18]
In 1946, theDaegu October Incident took place, one of the most serious social disorders since the foundation of the Republic of Korea.[19] On October 1, Korean national police killed three student demonstrators and injured many others.[20] It was also the site of major demonstrations on February 28, 1960, prior to thepresidential election of that year.[21]
Daegu and all of North Gyeongsang province had heavy guerrilla activities in the late 1940s, as thousands of refugees shied away from the fighting in Jeolla province and sought shelters in Daegu.[22] In November 1948, a unit in Daegu joined the mutiny which had begun inYeosu the previous month.[23] As in many other areas during the Korean War,political killings of dissenters were widespread.
During theKorean War, heavy fighting occurred nearby along theNakdong River. Daegu sat inside thePusan Perimeter, however, so it remained in South Korean hands throughout the war. The fighting that prevented North Korean troops from crossing the Nakdong River has become known as theBattle of Taegu.
In the second half of the 20th century, the city underwent explosive growth, and the population has increased more than tenfold since the end of the Korean War. The city was politically favored during the 18-year-long rule ofPark Chung Hee, when it and the surrounding area served as his political base. Daegu champions conservative political ideas and movements today and is a political base for thePeople Power Party.
In the 1980s, Daegu separated from Gyeongsangbuk-do and became a separately administered provincial-leveldirectly governed city (Jikhalsi), and was redesignated as ametropolitan city (Gwangyeoksi) in 1995. Today, Daegu is the third-largestmetropolitan area in Korea with respect to both population and commerce.
Since 1990, Daegu has suffered two of South Korea's worst mass casualty disasters: the1995 Daegu gas explosions, which killed 101 people, and the 2003Daegu subway fire, which killed 192 people.
Two local governments are in the city, the Daegu Metropolitan Government inJung District and Gyeongbuk Provincial Government inBuk District. The provincial government will be relocated toAndong in its proper province, Gyeongbuk. As a result, the provincial government office was relocated to Andong in January 2023. The mayor and heads of the city's eight districts are directly elected by the citizens every four years. The city council has 29 members which consist of 26 from the same number of electoral districts and three proportional representations. They are also directly elected every four years. Most of them are the members of thePeople Power Party, the mainconservative political party in South Korea. Daegu is a stronghold for the party and has produced four Presidents of the Republic of Korea thus far:Park Chung Hee,Chun Doo-hwan,Roh Tae-woo andPark Geun-hye.Park Chung Hee andChun Doo-hwan were born in other cities but they moved to Daegu and spent childhood in Daegu. As the capital of the Korean conservatives, the city has wielded strong political influence inelections.[citation needed]
View of the city of Daegu, with Jisan-dong and Beommul-dong
Daegu sits in a basin surrounded by low mountains:Palgongsan to the north,Biseulsan to the south, Waryongsan to the west, and a series of smaller hills in the east. TheGeumho River flows along the northern and eastern edges of the city, emptying in the Nakdong River west of the city.
View of Daegu Suseong District, and the Gosan area
The majority of Daegu lies in ahumid subtropical climate (Köppen:Cwa). InHoldridge climate classification, Daegu has a warm temperate moist forest climate. The mountains that comprise the basin trap hot and humid air. Similarly, in winter, cold air lies in the basin. The area receives little precipitation except during the rainy season of summer and is sunny throughout much of the year. Data gathered since 1961 indicates that the mean temperature for January, the coldest month in Daegu, is 1.1 °C (34 °F) and that for August, the warmest month, is 26.7 °C (80 °F). The city's lowest record temperature was −20.2 °C (−4 °F),[26] and the city's highest record temperature was 40.0 °C (104 °F).[27] In 2014, high temperatures led to the emergence of a new term called Daefrica (대프리카, Daegu+Africa) starting with the internet community, and has been used in the media, broadcasting, etc.[28] In 2015, atraffic cone in Daegu melted in the heat.[29] Summers in Daegu are some of the hottest in the Korean peninsula.[30][31] In 2023, on July 31[32] and August 3,[33][34]median strips could not overcome the heat and melted in different parts of thesame district in Daegu.
Climate data for Daegu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1907–present)
The climate ofGunwi County, which is the northern area of Daegu and was incorporated into Daegu fromNorth Gyeongsang Province in July 2023, is quite different from most parts of Daegu. Gunwi straddles the borderline between ahumid continental climate (Dwa) and a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), and has colder winters than other areas of Daegu.
Climate data forGunwi County, Daegu (1993–2020 normals)
Daegu Metro Line 3Korean Brain Research Center - Advanced Equipment Center2017 Green Energy Expo
Daegu is a manufacturing industry city. The major industries aretextiles,metals andmachinery. In 2021, Daegu had a regional GDP of $44,144 million. Many companies such asDaegu Bank,Korea Delphi,Hwasung corp., andTaeguTec are situated in this city, andSamsung andKolon were founded here. Numerous factories are located in the industrial complexes situated on the west and north sides of the city including the Seongseo Industrial Complex, West Daegu Industrial Complex and the Daegu Dyeing Industrial Complex.
The city is the economic and industrial core of theDaegu-Gyeongbuk region, one of the major industrial areas in Korea. It accounted for as much as 94 percent of Korea's trade surplus in 2006.[39] The electronics industries inGumi and the steel industries inPohang provided great services to that surplus. World-leading manufacturing facilities forAnycall (Samsung Mobile) andPOSCO's main factories are located near the city. Daegu and its neighboring cities were designated for theDaegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone by the central government in 2008. It is specialized companies like Winitech software company in knowledge-based service and manufacturing industries.
Historically, Daegu has been the commercial center of the southern part of theKorean Peninsula withSeoul in the center andPyongyang in the north (currently North Korea), because of its advantageous location. Some of the large, traditional markets likeSeomun Market are still flourishing in the city.
Additionally, Daegu was considered the third major economic city in Korea, after Seoul and Busan. However, due to the decline of the textile industry, which is the heart of Daegu's economy, the overall economic growth of the city has also fallen.
Also, the city is the warmest region in South Korea due to the humid subtropical climate. This climate condition provides the region with high quality apples and oriental melons. The fruit industry is a crucial support for the local economy. Due to the stagnant economy, Daegu's population began to decrease after 2003. Recently, the local government has begun focusing on working towards economic revival and concentrating on improving the city's fashion industry.
Beginning in the late 1990s, Daegu has been actively making efforts to promote itsfashion industry based on its textile andclothing manufacturing industries under the 'Daegu: Fashion City'. The city opens many exhibitions related to the fashion and textile industries including theDaegu Fashion FairArchived 2021-02-25 at theWayback Machine andPreview in Daegu annually or semi-annually, and invites national institutes. A large new town specializing in the textile-fashion industries is currently under construction in Bongmu-dong, northeastern Daegu. The district, officially named Esiapolis, takes aim at the fashion hub of East Asia. Textile complexes, textile-fashion institutions, an international school, fashion malls as well as residential areas plan to be developed in the district.[40]
Generally, Daegu is known as a conservative city. As well as being the largest inland city in the country beside Seoul it has become one of the major metropolitan areas in the nation. Traditionally,Buddhism has been strong; today there are still many temples.Confucianism is also popular in Daegu, with a large academy based in the city. Neon cross-topped spires of Christian churches can also be seen in the city.
The most well-known sight of the city is the stone Buddha calledGatbawi on the top of Gwanbong,Palgongsan. It is famous for its stonegat (Korean traditional hat). People from all over the country visit the place, because they believe that the Buddha will grant one's single desire.[41] Administratively, the site itself is located in the neighboring city,Gyeongsan,North Gyeongsang Province.
On the outskirts of the city, the mountains keep many traditional temples such asDonghwasa,Pagyesa, andBuinsa. Donghwasa is a Buddhist temple that was built by Priest Geukdal-hwasang in 493, and many artifacts of the period are found around the temple. The International Tourist Zen Meditation Center is Korea's only Zen-themed center. Some lecture halls or memorial halls such as Dodong-seowon (도동서원;道東書院) and Nokdong-seowon (녹동서원;鹿洞書院) are also located in the suburbs.
Old villages have been preserved, such as theOtgol village (Gyeongju Choi clan's original residence area) and the Inheung village (Nampyeong Mun's). In the urban area, theJoseon period's administrative or educational buildings includingGyeongsang-gamyeong (경상감영;慶尙監營) andDaegu-hyanggyo (대구향교;大邱鄕校) also remain. The main gateway of the city in that period calledYeongnam-jeilmun (영남제일문;嶺南第一門, meaning the first gateway inYeongnam), has been restored inMangudang Park. Western style modern architecture likeGyesan Cathedral and the old building of Jeil Church are preserved across the urban area. Gyesan Cathedral is the third oldest gothic church building in Korea[42] and the cathedral of theRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu which is one ofthree archdioceses in South Korea. Several buildings, in the presentKeisung Academy and theKNU middle/high school, are famous too.
Yangnyeongsi (약령시;藥令市) in Namseongno (often called Yakjeon-golmok) is the oldest market for Korean medicinal herbs in the country with a history of 350 years. Bongsan-dong which has some art galleries and studios is being developed as the artistic center of the city since the 1990s.
Dalgubeol-daejong, a city bell at the Gukchae Bosang ParkDaegu Botanical Garden bridge
Mt. Palgong, Mt. Biseul, and Mt. Ap are the representative mountains in Daegu. Apsan, just in the southern part of the city, is the closest mountain from the urban area among them. It has many trails,Buddhist temples, a Korean War museum, and a gondola ride to the peak. Additionally, Waryongsan, Hamjisan, and Yongjibong are located in the city. These serve as neighborhood parks to the citizens. Mt. Palgong has a cable car to the summit.[43] There are also hiking trails in the direction of the Donghwasa Temple and Sutaegol Valley.
In the urban area, several small mountains and hills play the same role. Dalseong Park, which sits inside a 1,500-year-old earth fortress, is a historic place of the city. It contains the city's onlyzoo and some monuments as well as the wall.Duryu Park or Duryusan is a large forest in the middle of the urban area. It hasDaegu Tower,Woobang Land, Kolon Bandstand, Duryu Stadium, and many sports facilities. Daegu Tower, also called Woobang Tower or Duryu Tower, is the tallest contemporary structure (202 m) and a symbol of the city. Its observatory commands good views of the surroundings. Woobang Land is the largest amusement park out of the capital area. Many small gardens lie in the heart of the city, such as the National Debt Repayment Movement Memorial Park (Gukchae Bosang Park) and 2·28 Park. The former park includes Dalgubeol-daejong (달구벌대종;達句伐大鐘), which means the Dalgubeol grand bell. The bell is struck every week and year. There is also a botanical garden with a variety of plants and flowers.
Dongseongno (동성로;東城路) is the downtown of Daegu lying from theDaegu station toJung-ang pachulso (central police station) near the Banwoldang subway station in the center of the cityJung-gu. It has the Jung-angno subway station as the nearest station from its heart. Like its name meaning the street in the east fortress, the eastern part ofDaegu-eupseong (대구읍성;大邱邑城, means the Daegu-Principality Fortress) was situated along this street. The fortress, however, had been demolished in the early 20th century. Although Daegu is the nation's third or fourth largest city, the Dongseongno area form the largest and the broadest downtown area in the whole country except the capital city,Seoul. In most cases, famous brands open their branch shop first here out of the Greater Seoul area.[44]
Sub-downtowns in the city have their own commercial powers and colors. The area around the Seongseo Industrial Complex subway station inDalseo District is a concentration of many amusement spots, and young people easily can be seen aroundKyungpook National University inBuk-gu.Deuran-gil (Which means the street inside the field) inSuseong District is known for many restaurants.
The city has a number of department stores. Many of these belong to national or multinational chains, but the localDaegu Department Store also operates two branches, while another local chain,Donga Department Store operates four in the city proper. The six department stores among them gather at the downtown. The traditional markets such asSeomun Market and Chilseong Market sell all sorts of goods.
Many traditional ceremonies and festivals in agrarian society disappeared in the process of modernization. A Confucian ritual ceremony calledSeokjeondaeje is held at Daegu-hyanggyo every spring and autumn. The Yangnyeongsi herb medical festival and Otgol village festival are contemporary festivals about traditional culture.
Various festivals in various themes like the Colorful Daegu Festival,Dongseongno festival,Palgongsan maple festival,Biseulsan azalea festival, Korea in Motion Daegu, and so on, are held by the city, each ward, or the specific groups, all through the year.
On August 25 through August 31, 2008, Daegu hosted the first ever Asian Bodypainting Festival, a sister event of theWorld Bodypainting Festival inSeeboden, Austria.
Each year the city is home to the Daegu International Jazz Festival:http://www.dijf.or.kr/
Every May the "Colorful Daegu Festival" offers performances and art programs including the Colorful Parade.[45] In July, theDaegu Chimac Festival takes place at Duryu Park in Dalseo District, Daegu. The term "chimac" is a portmanteau of chicken and maekju (meaning "beer"). There were over 880,000 visitors in 2015, and one million visitors during the festival in 2016.[46]
The 12 scenic spots of Daegu selected by Daegu include Palgongsan Mountain, Biseulsan Mountain, Gangjeong Goryeongbo (The Ark), Sincheon, Suseongmot Lake, Dalseongtoseong Fortress, Gyeongsang Gamyeong Park, National Debt Compensation Memorial Park, Dongseongro, Seomun Market, and Daegu Stadium.
1st view Palgongsan
2nd view of Biseulsan
3rd view Gangjeong Goryeong Weir (The Ark)
4th Scenic Sincheon
5th Scenic Spots Suseongmot Lake
6th Dalseongtoseong Fortress
7th Gyeongsang Gamyeong Park
8th Scenic Spots: National Debt Compensation Memorial Park
A home stadium of theSamsung Lions, one of the most popular sports teams in the city
The Samsung Lions are a professional baseball team founded in 1982. They are based in the southeastern city of Daegu and are members of theKBO League. Their home stadium isDaegu Samsung Lions Park. They have won theKorean Series eight times. The Samsung Lions are the first team to win four consecutive Korean Series titles (2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014). They are also the first Korean team to win a regular league title for five consecutive years (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015).
Daegu Football Club was founded as a community club at the end of 2002, and made theirK League debut in 2003. Historically, Daegu have often placed in the lower reaches of the K League. Their best season to date has been 2021, when they finished third out of twelve teams. They were also the winners of theKorean FA Cup in 2018, which qualified the club for their first appearance in theAFC Champions League the following year. The club has since played in the 2021 and 2022 editions of AFC Champions League.
There are three terrestrial TV broadcasting stations in the city:KBS Daegu Broadcast Station, DaeguMBC, andTBC. These are affiliated companies of central broadcasting stations in Seoul just like otherlocal broadcasting companies in South Korea. TBC (Taegu Broadcasting Corporation) depends onSBS. They cover to Gyeongsangbuk-do out of the city. Each television broadcasting company has its own radio station as well.
Daegu is largely a homogeneous community that includes few non-Koreans. However, a number of immigrants fromSouth andSoutheast Asia work in automotive-parts factories on the city's west side. In addition, there is a small group of English-speaking Westerners working in English schools and university programs. The American military bases are home to several hundred Americans. Recently Chinese students have begun studying Korean at universities in Daegu, and there is an increasing number of graduate and post-graduate students from other Asian countries. As elsewhere in Korea, Korean food overwhelmingly dominates; Chinese, Japanese and Western food forms the bulk of non-Korean food, but recently Indian and Russian foods have become available.
Daegu hosts three American military bases,Camp Henry,Camp George, andCamp Walker. Camp Walker houses Daegu High School, while Camp George has Daegu American School, the elementary and middle school for the bases (primarily for children of military personnel and US Military civilian employees). Although non-military employees can enroll their children at the school, most either home-school their children or send them to a small Christian private school which teaches about 25 children near the central business district of Daegu. Camp George contains most of the residences for married enlisted soldiers, while Camp Walker is the home to enlisted Sergeants Major and officers, Major and up. Camp Henry and Camp Walker are the primary work sites for military personnel.
As of 2021[update], Daegu has 232 elementary schools, 125 middle schools, and 94 high schools.[51] There are two specialized public high schools which areDaegu Science High School andTaegu Foreign Language High School, and some other high schools such asKeisung Academy, Gyeongsin High School and Daeryun High School have good grades for university admission. Most of the well-known high schools are located inSuseong District because its educational grade and zeal are high standard in the country.
Also, Daegu has 4 independent private high schools likeKeisung Academy (also called Keisung High School),Gyeongsin High School,Gyeong-il Girls High School,Daegun Catholic High School.
Daegu and its satellite towns are one of the areas which have the largest private higher educational institutions in Korea. Many of their main campuses are located in the nearbyGyeongsan which serves the Daegu region as acollege town.Kyungpook National University (KNU) is one of the most highly ranked and well organized national universities in Korea. It holds high ranks in and around the city in many academic fields, whileDGIST(Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology) is recognized as one of Korea's top universities in the field of science and technology. DGIST is one of four ISTs in Korea, along with KAIST, UNIST and GIST. It was established under 'The Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Act (Act 699)' enacted on December 11, 2003. In 2019, DGIST was selected as'Top 25 Rising Young Universities'.[52] Daegu has two of the most prestigious private universities outside Seoul,Yeungnam University (YU) andKeimyung University. There are some smaller private universities such asCatholic University of Daegu andDaegu University.Daegu National University of Education offers elementary education training.
Some largeuniversity hospitals make the city the medical hub of south-eastern Korea. The Kyungpook National University Hospital, founded asDaegu-dongin-uiwon in 1907 by the Japanese, is the best-known hospital in the city. The Dongsan Hospital (attached toKeimyung University), founded asJejungwon in 1899, is one of the oldest western style medical clinics in Korea. The Yeungnam University Medical Center has the largest number of beds in the city. The yearly treatment amount of these tertiary hospitals is the second largest in South Korea after that of Seoul.[53] The Daegu Catholic University Medical Center is also included in them.
Daegu Sindang Elementary School is a public elementary school located in Dalseo District, Daegu, near the campus ofKeimyung University. The school's motto is "To raise children who are upright, wise, and strong", and its emblem and flower are the magnolia and pine tree, respectively. Daegu Sindang Elementary School has a history of excellence in sports, music and academics, and has won numerous awards in these fields. It is also a designated school for creative education and a leading school for after-school programmes. In 2020, a group of students from Daegu Sindang Elementary School won first place in the Korean National Championship of the FIRST LEGO League (FLL) robotics competition.[56] In 2023, the school student won the prestigious 12th Korea Multicultural Youth Award.[57]
Daegu is the hub of the Korean inland railroad traffic. The main railroad of the country,Gyeongbu Line passes through the city. The largest railroad station in the city,Dongdaegu Station, has the second largest passenger traffic in Korea afterSeoul Station, it is the number one station in Korea for train stops, and the largest train traffic.[58] All trains passing throughDongdaegu Station make a mandatory stop. The station re-opened in 2004 after extensive renovations serving theKTX highspeed train,Saemaul andMugunghwa trains. All kinds of trains except KTX depart fromDaegu station, an all-new building with cinemas, restaurants and a department store, located near the city centre. It has the tenth largest passenger traffic in Korea.[58]Daegu Line branches off fromGacheon station of Gyeongbu Line.
Map of the rapid transit of Daegu. The red line isline 1, and the green isline 2.
The city also has ametro system, consisting of two heavy rail lines.Line 1 crosses the city from northeast to southwest, whileLine 2 crosses from west to east.Line 3 from northwest to southeast is an elevatedmonorail. All the lines are and will be operated by theDaegu Metropolitan Transit Corporation (DTRO). Another line will operate in a few years as a heavy rail system using the Gumi–Daegu–Gyeongsan section of Gyeongbu Line. Line 4 is a long-range plan and will be a circle line. Fare is 1400 won and 1250 won with a prepaid card. There is a free interchange scheme between the metro and bus within an hour of first use for the prepaid card users.
It started a full-fledged health-sharing stairway project by installing "Seven-color melody health donation stairs" at Shinmae Station and Imdang Station on Daegu Subway Line 2. Using these stairs, LED lights turn on with the sound of the keyboard. And a donation of ₩10(won) per session goes to those in need (such as pediatric cancer centers and low-income families).[59]
There are two types of buses which are local and limited express. Limited express buses have more seats, but often passengers are required to stand. As of 2020[update], Local bus fare costs around 1,400won with cash, Limited express bus fare would set you back 1,800 won. Discounted fare is available with a prepaid card.[60]
Bus route numbers are made up with 3 digits, each number indicates the area that bus serves. For example, number 407 bus runs from zone four, to zone zero, and then to zone seven. Other routes, usually circular, are named for the districts they serve and numbered 1 through 3.
Traffic is sometimes heavy, however, the major thoroughfares handle fairly high volumes of traffic without too much trouble.
Daegu is served byDaegu International Airport, located in northeastern Daegu. As of July, 2022, international destinations include China, Thailand, the Philippines, and Mongolia.
TheFrog Boys, this incident is an unsolved case. 5 boys were killed by the criminal in 1991. Boys failed to return after going out to pick up the salamander eggs, and people often call the case "The frog boys case".
The1995 Daegu gas explosions killed 101 and injured 202. A pagoda for consolation of the dead was erected in Haksan park.
TheDaegu subway fire occurred on February 18, 2003, when an arsonist, "Kim Dae-Han" set fire to a train at the Jungangno Station of the Daegu Metropolitan Subway in Daegu, South Korea. The fire spread across two trains within minutes, killing 192 people and injuring 151 others. It remains the deadliest deliberate loss of life in a single incident in South Korean peacetime history.
Lee Kun-hee – a South Korean businessman who served as chairman of theSamsung Group from 1987 to 2008 and from 2010 to 2020, and is credited with the transformation of Samsung to the world's largest manufacturer of smartphones, televisions, and memory chips.
Daegu serves as the setting for Season 1, Episode 6 of the HBO horror dramaLovecraft Country (2020). Set in 1949/50 the episode is a prolonged flashback or prequel to the main arc of the series, which takes place in 1955 in Chicago and Massachusetts, and depicts main character Atticus' experiences as a U.S. soldier during the Korean War.[citation needed]
^This romanization of the city's name is inMcCune–Reischauer. It was used prior to the official adoption of theRevised Romanization by the South Korean government in 2000. In the 19th century, Daegu was also known in English sources asTai-Kou;[4] in the first half of the 20th century duringJapanese rule it was known asTaikyu.[5]
^abYUM (Yeungnam University Museum).Siji-eui Munhwayujeok VIII: Chwirakji Bonmun [Cultural Sites of Siji VIII: Settlement Site Text]. Research Report No. 33. Yeungnam University Museum, Gyeongsan, 1999b
^YICP (Yongnam Institute of Cultural Properties).Daegu Dongcheon-dong Chwirak Yujeok [The Settlement Site at Dongcheon-dong, Daegu]. 3 vols. Research Report of Antiquities, Vol. 43. YICP, Daegu, 2002.ISBN978-89-88226-41-4
^Lee (1984) and Shin (1999) both make this assumption
^FPCP (Foundation for the Preservation of Cultural Properties).Daegu Chilgok Sam Taekji Munhwayejeok Balguljosa Bogoseo [Excavation Report of the Cultural Site at Localities 2 and 3, Building Area 3, Chilgok, Daegu]. 3 vols. Antiquities Research Report 62. FPCP, Gyeongju, 2000
^오늘 낮 기온 '대프리카' 대구 35도!... "푹푹 찐다! 헉헉~" [Today's daytime temperature is 35 degrees in 'Daefrica' Daegu!... "Steamed! Huff puff~"] (in Korean). Maeil Shinmun. 2014-05-30. Retrieved2023-08-04 – viaNaver.
^인터넷 뜨겁게 달군 '대프리카 위력' ['The power of Daefrica' heats up the Internet] (in Korean). The Yeongnam Ilbo. 2015-08-08. Retrieved2023-08-04.
^무너진 중앙분리대, 내구연한 지났다... 구청은 "예산 부족으로 교체 못해" [The collapsed median strip has expired... The district office "Cannot replace it due to lack of budget."] (in Korean). Maeil Shinmun. 2023-08-01. Retrieved2023-08-04 – viaNaver.
^"역시 대프리카"... 중앙분리대까지 녹아 ["As expected, Daefrica"... melted down to median strips] (in Korean). Daegu MBC. 2023-08-03. Retrieved2023-08-04 – viaNaver.
Daegu-Gyeongbuk Historical Society (대구-경북역사연구회) (2001).역사 속의 대구, 대구사람들 [Daegu and its people in history]. Seoul: Jungsim.ISBN978-89-89524-09-0.LCCN2001549622.
Nahm, Andrew C. (1996).Korea: A history of the Korean people, 2nd ed. Seoul: Hollym.ISBN978-1-56591-070-6.
Shin, Hyeong-seok (신형석) (1999).통일신라의 새로운 수도가 될 뻔했던 대구 [Daegu, which almost became the new capital of Unified Silla]. Daegu-Gyeongbuk Historical Society. pp. 78–91.
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