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TheJin dynasty was aJurchen-leddynasty of China that ruled overnorthern China andManchuria from 1115 until 1234.[1] After the Jurchens defeated theLiao dynasty and theNorthern Song dynasty, they would continue to use their coins for day to day usage in the conquered territories. In 1234, they were conquered by theMongol Empire (which later evolved into theYuan dynasty; further reading:Yuan dynasty coinage).
Although the Jin dynasty had started issuing paperJiaochao (交鈔) in 1154, they didn't produce coins until the year 1158, prior to that coins from the preceding Liao and Song dynasties continued to circulate within Jurchen territory,[2] as well as a continuing large inflow of coins produced by the Song, this was because the territory of the Jin didn't have enough copper to meet the demand.[3][4] Jin era coins circulated alongside paper money and silversycees, and were the main medium of exchange for the general population.
In the beginning iron coins continued to circulate but this had become to be perceived as an inconvenience so the Jin government ordered the immediate ban on melting down copper for usage other than currency, and was quick to open more copper mines to manage the production of copper coinage. 3 mints were opened that together produced 140,000 strings of coins a year (or 140,000,000cash coins annually), after inflation had become a problem this production became less profitable for the Jin government.[5]
Coins produced by the Jin dynasty compared to earlierLiao dynasty coinage are both of higher quality, and quantity; this is because the Jurchens chose to model their coins more closely after theSong’s both in production as superficially in its calligraphic style. The Taihe Zhongbao (泰和重寶) were cast with a very special and particular style of calligraphy known asjade tendon seal script.[6]
Due to the constantMongol invasions and high military expenditures, coins cast after 1209 had become a rarity.[7]
Coins produced by the Jurchen Jin dynasty include:[8][9]
| Inscription | Traditional Chinese | Simplified Chinese | Scripts | Years of minting | Emperor | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zheng Long Yuan Bao | 正隆元寶 | 正隆元宝 | Regular script | 1158–1161 | Wanyan Liang | .jpg) |
| Da Ding Tong Bao | 大定通寶 | 大定通宝 | Regular script | 1178–1189 | Shizong | |
| Tai He Tong Bao | 泰和通寶 | 泰和通宝 | Regular script | 1204–1209 | Zhangzong | _-_Scott_Semans.jpg) |
| Tai He Zhong Bao | 泰和重寶 | 泰和重宝 | Regular script,Seal script | 1204–1209 | Zhangzong | |
| Chong Qing Tong Bao | 崇慶通寶 | 崇庆通宝 | Regular script | 1212–1213 | Wanyan Yongji | |
| Chong Qing Yuan Bao | 崇慶元寶 | 崇庆元宝 | Regular script | 1212–1213 | Wanyan Yongji | |
| Zhi Ning Yuan Bao | 至寧元寶 | 至宁元宝 | Regular script | 1213 | Wanyan Yongji | |
| Zhen You Tong Bao | 貞祐通寶 | 贞佑通宝 | Regular script | 1213–1216 | Xuanzong | |
| Zhen You Yuan Bao | 貞祐元寶 | 贞佑元宝 | Regular script | 1213–1216 | Xuanzong |
In 1130 during theJin–Song Wars the Jin dynasty had set up a second puppet state called “Da Qi” (after the failed first puppet state,Da Chu), this puppet state briefly produced its own coins until it was defeated by the Song in 1137.[10][11]
Coins produced by the brief Jurchen vassal state include:
| Inscription | Traditional Chinese | Simplified Chinese | Script | Emperor | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fu Chang Tong Bao | 阜昌通寶 | 阜昌通宝 | Regular script,Seal script | Liu Yu | |
| Fu Chang Yuan Bao | 阜昌元寶 | 阜昌元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | Liu Yu | |
| Fu Chang Zhong Bao | 阜昌重寶 | 阜昌重宝 | Regular script, Seal script | Liu Yu |
According to information from an attempted seller, in a small coinhoard in theRussian Far East in 2011 new seven cash coins were discovered, these coins bore the inscription Dongzhen Xingbao (東眞興寶) alluding to a rebel state namedEastern Xia that was founded during theMongol conquest of the Jin dynasty.[12][13]
Media related toCoins of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) at Wikimedia Commons| Preceded by: Liao dynasty coinage Reason:Jurchen victory over the Khitan Liao dynasty. | Currency ofNorthern China 1115 – 1234 | Succeeded by: Yuan dynasty coinage Reason:Mongol conquest |
