| Czech Cubism | |
|---|---|
   Top to bottom:Bohumil Kubišta, 1908,Self portrait;House of the Black Madonna byJosef Gočár; porcelain byPavel Janák | |
| Years active | c. 1912–1914 |
| Location | Kingdom of Bohemia,Austria-Hungary |
| Influences | Cubism |
| Influenced | Rondocubism |
Czech Cubism (referred to more generally asCubo-Expressionism)[1] was anavant-gardeart movement ofCzech proponents ofCubism, active mostly inPrague from 1912 to 1914. Prague was perhaps the most important center for Cubism outside Paris before the start ofWorld War I.[2][3]
Members of this movement realized the epochal significance of the cubism ofPablo Picasso andGeorges Braque and attempted to extract its components for their own work in all branches of artistic creativity:sculpture,painting,applied arts andarchitecture.[citation needed]
The most notable participants in this movement were the paintersFrantišek Kupka (whose interests were rooted more in abstraction),Emil Filla,Bohumil Kubišta,Antonín Procházka,Vincenc Beneš, andJosef Čapek, the sculptorOtto Gutfreund, the writerKarel Čapek, and the architectsPavel Janák,Josef Gočár,Vlastislav Hofman andJosef Chochol. Many of these artists were members of theMánes Union of Fine Arts. A major division in Czech architecture occurred after 1912 when many young avant-garde artists fromJan Kotĕra and his circle divorced themselves from the Mánes Association. These younger architects were more idealistic in their outlook and criticized the strict rationalism of their forebears,Otto Wagner and Kotĕra. Janák, Gočár, and Hofman founded the groupSkupina výtvarných umĕlců (Group of Plastic Artists) and established a journal for the group,Umĕlecký mĕsíčník (Artistic Monthly).
AfterCzechoslovakia's founding in 1918, architectural Czech Cubism gradually developed intoCzech Rondocubism, which was more decorative, as it was influenced by traditional folk ornaments to celebrate the revival of Czech national independence.
Czech Cubists distinguish their work through the construction of sharp points, slicing planes, and crystalline shapes in their art works. These angles allowed the Czech Cubists to incorporate their own trademark in the avant-garde art group ofModernism. They believed that objects carried their own inner energy which could only be released by splitting the horizontal and vertical surfaces that restrain the conservative design and “ignore the needs of the human soul.” It was a way to revolt from the typical art scene in the early 1900s in Europe. This evolved into a newart movement, referred to generally as Cubo-Expressionism; combining the fragmentation of form seen inCubism with the emotionalism ofExpressionism.[4]
Czech Cubism developed between 1911 and 1914.[5] It was a contemporary development of functionalism generated by architects and designers in Prague. Fifteen years later, the first concept of cubism itself was written off as a decorative purpose, a replacement ofsecessionism and mistaken departure into ‘aestheticism’ and ‘individualism’. On the contrary, it was a revolt against traditional values ofrealism.
Czech Cubism was first conceal by the Modern Movement and masked by the aesthetic dictates of Stalinist and post-Stalinist culture in Czechoslovakia. After theVelvet Revolution of 1989 and the post modern attraction of ornamentation and decoration, there came to be a rise of fascination inCzech culture and its own unique forms of cubism. Czech Cubism developed paradoxically as both a product of Czech bourgeois affluence and as an avant-garde rejection of secessionist designers such as Otto Wagner andJan Kotěra. Architects such as Josef Chochol and Pavel Janák devised spiritualist philosophies of design and a dynamic ideal of planar form derived from cubist art. As Cubism spread across the European continent in the early 20th century, its greatest impact can be seen today in theCzech Republic. Pyramid and crystal forms were one of the signature principles seen in Czech Cubism which was incorporated in architecture, furniture, and applied arts.
TheMuseum of Decorative Arts in Prague (UPM) uses theHouse of the Black Madonna as a permanent exhibition space for Czech Cubist art.[6]
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