This article is about cysts in the body. For the ICAO airport code CYST, seeSt. Theresa Point Airport. For hard-shelled resting stages of some small organisms, seeMicrobial cyst.
Acyst/sɪst/ is a closedsac, having a distinctenvelope anddivision compared with the nearbytissue. Hence, it is a cluster ofcells that have grouped together to form a sac (like the manner in which water molecules group together to form a bubble); however, the distinguishing aspect of a cyst is that the cells forming the "shell" of such a sac are distinctly abnormal (in both appearance and behaviour) when compared with all surrounding cells for that given location. A cyst may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection ofpus is called anabscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst may resolve on its own. When a cyst fails to resolve, it may need to be removedsurgically, but that would depend upon its type and location.
Cancer-related cysts are formed as a defense mechanism for the body following the development ofmutations that lead to an uncontrolledcellular division. Once that mutation has occurred, the affected cells divide incessantly and become cancerous, forming atumor. The body encapsulates those cells to try to prevent them from continuing their division and contain the tumor, which becomes known as a cyst. That said, the cancerous cells still may mutate further and gain the ability to form their ownblood vessels, from which they receive nourishment before being contained. Once that happens, the capsule becomes useless, and the tumor may advance frombenign to cancerous.
Some cysts areneoplastic, and thus are calledcystic tumors. Many types of cysts are not neoplastic, they aredysplastic ormetaplastic.Pseudocysts are similar to cysts in that they have a sac filled with fluid, but lack anepithelial lining.
Adrenal cyst (glands located above the kidneys) - It is a rare disease, affecting 0.06 to 0.18% ofautopsy studies. It constitutes 5.4 to 6.0% of adrenal gland diseases. There are five major types of adrenal cysts: simple or endothelial cysts, true or epithelial cysts, pseudocysts, parasitic cysts, and cysts not classified elsewhere. 7% of the cysts can be malignant.[9]
Peritoneal inclusion cyst (lining of the abdominal cavity) - It is a cluster of fluid-filled cysts lining the abdominal cavity of reproductive age women with a history of pelvic, abdominal surgeries, or abdominal inflammation. Those affected maybe presented with an abdominal, pelvic, lower back that lasted for months.[11]
This is just one example of how the Greek rootcyst-, which simply means a fluid-filled sac, also is found in medical terms that relate to theurinary bladder and thegallbladder, neither of which involve cysts.
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