| Cyvirus cyprinidallo1 | |
|---|---|
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
| Phylum: | Peploviricota |
| Class: | Herviviricetes |
| Order: | Herpesvirales |
| Family: | Alloherpesviridae |
| Genus: | Cyvirus |
| Species: | Cyvirus cyprinidallo1 |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Cyvirus cyprinidallo1, also known asCyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) is a species of virus in the genusCyprinivirus, familyAlloherpesviridae, and orderHerpesvirales.[1]
CyHV1 causes carp pox, also known asepithelioma papillosum incommon carp (Cyprinus carpio).[2] Cases of CyHV1 are found worldwide and the observed symptoms as a result of infection are bothsystemic and highly lethal.[3] Evaluations of virus production in relation to temperature demonstrated temperature’s influence onpathogenicity andreplication.[3] This, combined with CyHV1’s highmortality rate, may have implications on the common carp population as water temperatures warm withincreasing global temperatures.
Although the symptoms that appear in common carp as a result of CyHV1 have been noted for centuries, the virus was only isolated and classified as a herpesvirus in 1985.[4][5] It is the first of the Cyprinid herpesviruses to be discovered.Viraletiology dates back to 1907, however, isolation was not successful until 1985.[5][6][7] CyHV1 has yet to be cultured, likely because of host and tissue specificity associated with most herpesviruses.[4]
Whole genome sequencing revealed that theCyprinid herpesvirus 1 genome is approximately 291,144bp, however, this number may be variable due totandem reiterations.[6] Heterogeneous genome size is often observed in other species of herpesviruses.[6] These short yet complex tandem reiterations are most often seen in theterminal direct repeats; the most prevalent being the telomere-like repeats located towards the genome ends.[6] Although this is characteristic of all Cyvirus species, the telomere-like repeats are the biggest in CyHV1.[6]
The CyHV1 virus has approximately 143open reading frames (ORFs) in the genome and splicing between protein-coding regions affects 8 of these ORFs.[6] Five gene families have been identified.[6] CyHV1 has multiple genes from each of the ORF2,TNFR, ORF25,RING, andJUNB families.[6] The JUNB family is not seen in other species ofCyvirus and is the first reported JUNB-related sequence found in herpesviruses.[6] JUNB is anoncogene, which may play a role intumour development as a result of infection with CyHV1.[2][6]
There appear to be two systemic phases of infection, acute and recurring.[6] The initial acute phase is lethal, and survivors often experience the recurring, non-lethalproliferativeepidermal phase.[6]
Common carp infected withCyprinid herpesvirus 1 have been shown to exhibit atypical swimming behaviours, protrusion of the eyes from their cavities, darkening of the skin, andhemorrhaging across the body and theoperculum.[2] In the fish that were approaching death, they were observed to have tissue death in the liver, kidney, and intestines.[2] Some of thenecrotic cells had been observed to haveCowdry Type A intranuclear inclusion bodies. Infection is more commonly characterized by epidermal tumour growths andhyperplasia.[2]
Data related toCyprinid herpesvirus 1 at Wikispecies