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TheAustralian Defence Organisation (ADO) is composed of thearmed forces of theCommonwealth of Australia, theAustralian Defence Force (ADF), and theAustralian Public Service government department, theDepartment of Defence which is composed of a range of civilian support organisations.
TheChief of the Defence Force (CDF) leads theAustralian Defence Force and theSecretary of Defence leads theDepartment of Defence though both jointly manage theAustralian Defence Organisation under adiarchy, and both report directly to theMinister for Defence.
The highest active rank in the Australian Defence Force is reserved for theChief of the Defence Force. This is afour-star rank and the CDF is the only Australian military officer at that level. As a result of the diarchy, the Secretary of theDepartment of Defence is of the equivalent civilianfour-star level in the Senior Executive Service of theAustralian Public Service.
TheCommander-in-Chief of theAustralian Defence Force is set out under Section 68 of theConstitution of Australia, stating "the command in chief of the naval and military forces of the Commonwealth is vested in theGovernor-General as theKing's representative".
In practice, the Governor-General is the ceremonial head of theAustralian Defence Force and command and control power is delegated to thePrime Minister and theMinister for Defence. TheNational Security Committee of Cabinet also plays an important role in the strategic direction of theAustralian Defence Organisation including directing overseas deployments and going to war.
Currently thefive-star level is not an active serving rank in theAustralian Defence Force. Australia has only had one active servingfive-star rank officer within the armed forces of theCommonwealth of Australia. This was SirThomas Blamey who was appointedField Marshal in theAustralian Army in 1950 and presented his field marshal's baton by the then Governor-GeneralWilliam McKell. Blamey was seriously ill at the time and died three months later.
Until his death,His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh held the ranks ofField Marshal,Admiral of the Fleet, andMarshal of the Royal Australian Air Force. He was appointed to each rank on 2 April 1954.
His Majesty George VI was also appointedMarshal of the Royal Australian Air Force, maintaining the rank from 2 June 1939 until his death on 6 February 1952.
In theAustralian Defence Force, guided by theDefence Force Regulations 1952, the level offour-star rank is that of commissioned officerO-10 in theAustralian Defence Force ranks code. This means theAustralian Army rank ofgeneral, theRoyal Australian Navy rank ofadmiral, and theRoyal Australian Air Force rank ofair chief marshal.
In theAustralian Public Service, guided by thePublic Service Act 1999, the level offour-star rank is the equivalent civilian level of Senior Executive Service Band 4, which is styled assecretary with the leadership of a department.
In theAustralian Defence Force, guided by theDefence Force Regulations 1952, the level ofthree-star rank is that of commissioned officerO-9 in theAustralian Defence Force ranks code. This means theAustralian Army rank oflieutenant general, theRoyal Australian Navy rank ofvice admiral, and theRoyal Australian Air Force rank ofair marshal.
In theAustralian Public Service, guided by thePublic Service Act 1999, the level ofthree-star rank is the equivalent civilian level ofSenior Executive Service Band 3, which is styled asassociate secretary ordeputy secretary (DEPSEC) or achief portfolio officer, with the leadership of a group or agency.
In theAustralian Defence Force, guided by theDefence Force Regulations 1952, the level oftwo-star rank is that of commissioned officerO-8 in theAustralian Defence Force ranks code. This means theAustralian Army rank ofmajor general, theRoyal Australian Navy rank ofrear admiral, and theRoyal Australian Air Force rank ofair vice marshal.
In theAustralian Public Service, guided by thePublic Service Act 1999, the level oftwo-star rank is the equivalent civilian level ofSenior Executive Service Band 2, which is styled asFirst Assistant Secretary (FAS),General Manager,Chief orHead with the leadership of a division or agency.
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