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Cuneo was founded in 1198 by the local population, who declared it an independent commune, freeing themselves from the authority of the bishops ofAsti and themarquisses of Montferrat andSaluzzo. In 1210, the latter occupied it, and in 1231 theCuneesi rebelled. In 1238, they were recognized as a free commune byEmperor Frederick II.
In 1259, the independence of Cuneo ceased forever, as it gave itself, also to take protection against its more powerful neighbours, toCharles I of Anjou, who was then theCount of Provence. Together withAlba, it was the main Angevine possession in Northern Italy; Angevine rule interrupted by periods under the control of Saluzzo, Savoy, and theVisconti of Milan was ended in 1382 when Cuneo was acquired by theDuchy of Savoy.
Cuneo became an important stronghold of the expanding Savoy state. The city was thus besieged several times by France: first in 1515 by Swiss troops ofFrancis I of France, then again in 1542, 1557, 1639, 1641, 1691 and, during theWar of the Austrian Succession, in 1741. Cuneo resisted each siege successfully. The city was taken byFrance only during theNapoleonic Wars and was made the capital of theStura department. After the restoration of theKingdom of Sardinia, and theunification of Italy, Cuneo became the capital of its namesake province in 1859. In 1862, Cuneo was the location of a Polish Military School moved fromGenoa, which trained Polish officers in exile, the overwhelming majority of whom then fought in the PolishJanuary Uprising in theRussian Partition of Poland in 1863–1864 (see alsoItaly–Poland relations).[4]
DuringWorld War II, from 1943 to 1945, it was one of the main centres ofpartisan resistance against the German occupation of Italy.[citation needed]In 1943, Cuneo's Jewish citizens were briefly arrested and imprisoned at the nearbyBorgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp by the order of Minister of the InteriorGuido Buffarini Guidi. They were freed before the Minister's orders came into effect and most community members fled Cuneo into hiding.
However, on 9 December 1944, the Cuneo Police Department reopened the camp and imprisoned the remaining Jewish residents of Cuneo most of whom were then deported toAuschwitz. Few survived according to reports. Italian partisans liberated Cuneo from the German and Italian fascist occupation on 25 April 1945. The retreating fascist forces murdered the remaining six Jewish prisoners being held at Cuneo's local prison.[5][6][7][8]
VillaOldofredi Tadini, built in the 14th and 15th centuries as a watchtower. It is now a museum housing collections of the owners, the Mocchia and Oldofredi Tadini families.
Villa Tornaforte, surrounded by an English-style park.
Civic Museum
Railway Museum
Churches of Santa Croce, San Giovanni Decollato and Santissima Annunziata, housing paintings byGiovan Francesco Gaggini.
Panoramic funicular that connects plateau to Gesso river.[9]
Monument of Stura and Gesso in Torino Square
The median way of the plateau (Rome Avenue, Galimberti Square and Nice Avenue): the commercial heart of Cuneo.[10]
New Bridge (Ponte Nuovo) between the center of the city and Madonna dell' Olmo
Monument at Peano's curve
Palazzo Uffici Finanziari (PUF), highest edifice in the city at about 50 metres (160 ft)[11]
Parri’s Park, a big green park under construction in the suburbs of the city.
Most important and populated: Centro storico, Cuneo centro, Cuneo nuova, San Paolo, Donatello, Gramsci, San Rocco, Cerialdo, Confreria and Borgo San Giuseppe.[12]
Cuneo has a temperate sub-continental climate, with cold winters and hot, dry summers. However, it is situated more than 500 metres (1,640 feet)above sea level, which helps to make summers more bearable: the hottest month, July, has an average temperature of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F). The coldest, January, averages 1.7 °C (35.1 °F). Annual precipitation is about 962 mm (37.9 in), distributed over 81 days. The rainfall pattern is similar to that of Turin, with two maxima—one primary and one secondary (spring and autumn) and two minima (summer and winter). The driest month is July, 44 millimetres (1.7 in). Snowfalls are frequent owing to high elevation and wind patterns.
Cuneo's specialty isCuneesi al rhum, small meringues with dark chocolate coating and a rum-based chocolate filling. They are a creation of Andrea Arione (1923), who also registered the name, and sold them in the bar still located in the central square, Piazza Galimberti; another claim makes them a creation of pastry chef Pietro Galletti fromDronero. Another specialty is "raviolini al plin", a small ravioli pasta made with meat and vegetables.
Cuneo has also a Rugby Team called "Cuneo Pedona Rugby", currently playing in the National "Serie C" League. The team is playing in the Municipal Field of Madonna dell'Olmo.
Many times stage ofGiro d'Italia. In 2016, for the first time in the Giro history, the race arrived in Sant'Anna di Vinadio sanctuary, the highest sanctuary in Europe, 2035 m, and the day after, on 29 May, the race started from Cuneo.
Since 1987 Cuneo has been the start and arrival point of the amateur international race "La Fausto Coppi".
The city is served byCuneo International Airport which is located 20 km (12 mi) north of the city centre. However, the airport only provides routes to limited destinations, the nearest domestic and international airport isTurin Airport, located 129 km (80 mi) north east of Cuneo. Other nearby airports can also be received such asNice Côte d'Azur Airport in France, located 136 km (85 mi) south west andGenoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport, located 142 km (88 mi) west of Cuneo.
Carlo Petrini (born 22 June 1949), born in the province of Cuneo in the commune ofBra in Italy, is the founder of the InternationalSlow Food Movement. In 2004, he founded theUniversity of Gastronomic Sciences, a school intended to bridge the gap between agriculture and gastronomy.
Piergiorgio Odifreddi (born 1950), mathematician, logician and aficionado of the history of science.
Michele Ferrero (1925–2015), patriarch of Italian chocolate dynasty Ferrero Group. He inherited the company from his father Pietro in the 1950s and turned it into one of the world's largest confectionery makers, whose brands includeFerrero Rocher hazelnut chocolates,Nutella andTic Tac.
^P. Bianchi-Andrea Merlotti, Cuneo in età moderna (2003), 103–13, 301–14
^A. Cavaglion, "Nella notte straniera. Gli ebrei di St Martin Vésubie e il campo di concentramento di Borgo S. Dalmazzo," in: Cuneo: L'Arciere (1981, 2004)
^A. Muncinelli, Gli ebrei nella provincia di Cuneo (1994)
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