Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Cuối language

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Austroasiatic language spoken in Southeast Asia

"Tho (Vietnam)" redirects here. For other languages in Vietnam namedThổ, seeTho language.

This articleshould specify the language of its non-English content using{{lang}} or{{langx}},{{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and{{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriateISO 639 code. Wikipedia'smultilingual support templates may also be used.See why.(June 2021)

Cuói
Thổ
Native to	Vietnam,Laos
Ethnicity	Thổ
Native speakers	(71,000 cited 1999 census)^[1]
Language family	Austroasiatic Vietic Cuói
Dialects	Cuối Chăm Làng Lỡ
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `tou` – Tho `hnu` – Hung
Glottolog	`cuoi1242`
Linguasphere	`46-EAD-a`

Cuối, also known asThổ,^[2] is adialect cluster spoken by around 70,000people in Vietnam. It is also spoken by a couple thousand people inLaos—mainly in the provinces ofBolikhamsai andKhammouane.

Phonology

[edit]

Làng Lỡ dialect

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]

The consonant inventory of the Làng Lỡ dialect, as cited byMichel Ferlus:^[3]

Initial consonants of Cuối Làng Lỡ
		Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	tenuis	p		t	ʈ	c	k	ʔ
	glottalized	ɓ		ɗ		ˀɟ
	aspirated			tʰ			kʰ
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʂ			h
	voiced	β	v	ð			ɣ
	glottalized			ˀð
Approximant				l	ɽ ~ʐ	j

[ʈ] is found in Vietnamese loanwords with initial/ʈ/ (orthographic⟨tr⟩)
[βðɣˀð] originate in the borrowing of segments from a variety of Vietnamese that existed several centuries ago.

Vowels

[edit]

Monothongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Close-mid/ Mid	e	ə	o
Open-mid/ Open	ɛ	ʌ̆ ăa	ɔ


Diphthongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ	iə	ɨə	uə	eə	oə

Tones

[edit]

There are eight tones in the Làng Lỡ. Tones 1 to 6 are found on sonorant-final syllables (a.k.a. 'live' syllables): syllables ending in a vowel, semi-vowel or nasal. Tones 7 and 8 are found on obstruent-final syllables (a.k.a. 'stopped' syllables), ending in -p -t -c -k.^[3] This is a system comparable to that of Vietnamese.

Vocabulary

[edit]

The data is from Cuoi Cham vocabulary recordings and the Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary.

English	Cuối Chăm	Làng Lỡ	Hanoian Vietnamese
cloud	mʌl¹	mʌn¹	məj˧˧	mây
rain	mɐː²	mɨə¹	mɨə˧˧	mưa
wind	sɒː³	juə³	zɔ˧˦	gió
thunder	kʰrʌm⁴	ʂəm⁴	səm˧˦	sấm
earth, land	tʌt⁷	tʌt⁷	ʔɗət̚˧˦	đất
cave	haːŋ¹	haːŋ¹	haːŋ˧˧	hang
deep	kʰruː²	ʂuː²	səw˧˧	sâu
water	daːk⁷	daːk⁷	nɨək̚˧˦	nước
river	kʰrɔŋ¹	ʂɔːŋ¹	səwŋ͡m˧˧	sông
puddle	puŋ⁶	-	vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥	vũng
mud	puːl²	vuːn²	ʔɓun˨˩	bùn
rock, stone	taː³	δaː³	ʔɗaː˧˦	đá
bark	pɒː⁵	ʂɔː⁵⁶	vɔ˧˩	vỏ
dog	cɒː³	cɔː³	t͡ɕɔ˧˦	chó
cultivated field	rɔːŋ²	ʂɔːŋ²	zuəŋ˧˨ʔ	ruộng
to go	tiː²	tiː²	ʔɗi˧˧	đi
to have	kɒː³	kɔː³	kɔ˧˦	có

References

[edit]

^Tho atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
Hung atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
^"The Vietic Branch".sealang.net.
^^a ^bFerlus 2015, I.2

Movatterモバイル変換

Phonology

Làng Lỡ dialect

Consonants

Vowels

Tones

Vocabulary

References

Further reading