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Csárdás (/ˈtʃɑːrdæʃ/,US:/-dɑːʃ/;Hungarian:[ˈt͡ʃaːrdaːʃ]), often seen asCzárdás, is a traditionalHungarian folk dance, the name derived fromcsárda (old Hungarian term for roadsidetavern and restaurant). It originated in Hungary and was popularized by bands in Hungary as well as neighboring countries and regions such as ofSlovenia,Burgenland,Croatia,Transylvania,Slovakia,Vojvodina andMoravia, as well as among theBanat Bulgarians, including those inBulgaria.[2]
The original folk csárdás, as opposed to the later international variants, is enjoying a revival in Hungary thanks to thetáncház movement.
The dance is also popular amongRomani people.[3]
The origin of the csárdás can be traced back to the 18th century Hungarian music genre theverbunkos, where the 'verbunk' was used as a recruiting dance by the Austrian army.[4]
The csárdás is characterized by a variation intempo: it starts out slowly (lassú) and ends in a very fast tempo (friss, literally "fresh"). There are other tempo variations, calledritka csárdás,sűrű csárdás andszökős csárdás. The music is in2
4 or4
4time. Thedancers are both male and female, with the women dressed in traditional wideskirts, which form a distinctive shape when they whirl.
Classical composers who have used csárdás themes in their works includeEmmerich Kálmán,Franz Liszt,Johannes Brahms,Léo Delibes,Johann Strauss,Pablo de Sarasate,Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky,Franz von Suppé,Vittorio Monti, and others. The csárdás "Klänge der Heimat" fromStrauss'operettaDie Fledermaus, sung by the character Rosalinde, is probably the most famous example of this dance in vocal music. One of the best-known examples of instrumental csárdás is thecomposition byVittorio Monti forviolin andpiano. This virtuoso piece has seven tempo variations.
The origin of the verbunkos style – verbunk, the dance used to recruit young serfs for the army – came to the fore of public attention already during recruitments in the 18th century...During the Austrian domination of Hungary, after 1715 the custom of enlisting recruits for the regiments of the imperial army at tavern carousals with drinking and dancing also became customary.
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