Phylum of protists
Cryptista is aphylum ofalga -likeeukaryotes . It is most likely related toArchaeplastida which includesplants and many algae, within the larger groupDiaphoretickes .[ 1]
Other characteristic features ofcryptomonad mtDNAs include largesyntenic clusters resemblingα-proteobacterial operons that encodebacteria -likerRNAs ,tRNAs , andribosomal protein genes . Additionally, they are anevolutionarily significantlineage found in mostly marine, glacial andfreshwater environments.
Although it has sometimes placed along withHaptista in thesubkingdom Hacrobia , within thekingdom Chromista ,[ 2] clade .[ 3] phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the groupArchaeplastida , whilehaptophytes are closely related to theSAR supergroup .[ 4] [ 5]
The ornamental structures of thecell membrane vary among cryptists. They also have varyingflagellar appendages .[ 6]
Based on studies done byCavalier-Smith et al .[ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Phylum Cryptista Cavalier-Smith, 1989 emend. 2015 SubphylumEndohelia Cavalier-Smith, 2021 ClassEndohelea Cavalier-Smith in Yabukiet al. , 2012 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2021 SubphylumPalpitia Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2012 ClassPalpitea Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2012 SubphylumRollomonadia Cavalier-Smith, 2013 Last common ancestor of cryptists is thought to have nakedcell membrane ,mitochondrion with flatcristae , bipartite hairs and noejectisomes . It employedphagocytosis , and maybe alsophotosynthesis .[ 6]
Thephylogeny is based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Yabuki, Yazaki and others.[ 6] [ 7] [ 9] [ 10]
^ Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, et al. (January 2019)."Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes" .The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology .66 (1):4– 119.doi :10.1111/jeu.12691 .PMC 6492006 PMID 30257078 . ^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-04-29)."A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms" .PLOS ONE .10 (4) e0119248.Bibcode :2015PLoSO..1019248R .doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 ISSN 1932-6203 .PMC 4418965 PMID 25923521 . ^ Burki F, Roger AJ, Brown MW, Simpson AG (January 2020)."The New Tree of Eukaryotes" .Trends in Ecology & Evolution .35 (1):43– 55.Bibcode :2020TEcoE..35...43B .doi :10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.008 PMID 31606140 . ^ Burki F; Kaplan M; Tikhonenkov DV; Zlatogursky V; Minh BQ; Radaykina LV; Smirnov A; Mylnikov AP; Keeling PJ (2016), "Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista.",Proc Biol Sci ,283 (1823) 20152802,doi :10.1098/rspb.2015.2802 ,PMC 4795036 PMID 26817772 ^ Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009)."Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates" .Genome Biology and Evolution .1 :231– 8.doi :10.1093/gbe/evp022 .PMC 2817417 PMID 20333193 . ^a b c Yabuki, Akinori; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Ishikawa, Sohta A.; Kolisko, Martin; Kim, Eunsoo; Tanabe, Akifumi S.; Kume, Keitaro; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Inagki, Yuji (2014-04-10)."Palpitomonas bilix represents a basal cryptist lineage: insight into the character evolution in Cryptista" .Scientific Reports .4 (1): 4641.doi :10.1038/srep04641 .ISSN 2045-2322 .PMC 3982174 PMID 24717814 . ^a b Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2015-12-01)."Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista" .Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution .93 :331– 362.doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004 ISSN 1055-7903 . ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2018-01-01)."Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences" .Protoplasma .255 (1):297– 357.doi :10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3 .ISSN 1615-6102 .PMC 5756292 PMID 28875267 . ^a b Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2022-05-01)."Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi" .Protoplasma .259 (3):487– 593.doi :10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7 .ISSN 1615-6102 .PMC 9010356 PMID 34940909 . ^ Yazaki, Euki; Yabuki, Akinori; Imaizumi, Ayaka; Kume, Keitaro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2022-04-13)."The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris" .Open Biology .12 (4) 210376.doi :10.1098/rsob.210376 .PMC 9006020 PMID 35414259 . Takaramoto, S., Fainsod, S., Nagata, T., Rozenberg, A., Béjà, O., & Inoue, K., S (2024),"The roles of an extended N-terminal region and ETD motif in a pump-like cation channelrhodopsin discovered in a lake microbiome." ,Journal of Molecular Biology ,436 (23),doi :10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168844 PMID 39476949 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
Extant
life phyla/divisions by domain
