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List of cryptids

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(Redirected fromCryptid)

"Cryptid" redirects here; not to be confused withCryptic orCryptozoa.
"Cryptids" redirects here. For the 2023 film, seeCryptids (film).

Part ofa series on the
Paranormal

Cryptids areanimals or other beings that cryptozoologists believe may exist somewhere in the wild, but whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated byscience.Cryptozoology is apseudoscience and has been widely critiqued by scientists.[1][2][3][4] The subculture is regularly criticized for reliance on anecdotal information[5] and because in the course of investigating animals that most scientists believe are unlikely to have existed, cryptozoologists do not follow thescientific method.[6] Many scientists have criticized the plausibility of cryptids due to lack of physical evidence,[7] likely misidentifications[8] and misinterpretation of stories from folklore.[9] Whilebiologists regularly identify new species following establishedscientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in thefolklore record and rumor.

List

Aquatic or semi-aquatic

See also:List of lake monsters
NameOther NamesDescriptionPurported LocationDepiction
Anguila peluda[10]Hairy EelPond animalPamital ravine,Canary Islands
Bunyip[11]BahnyipAmphibious creatureAustralia
Cadborosaurus[12]CaddySea animalPacific Coast of North America
Champ[13]ChampyLake monsterLake Champlain, North America
Cryptid Whales[14][15]Giglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whalesSea animalPacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean
Dobhar-chú[16]Water Hound, King OtterExtra-largeotter-likecarnivorousaquatic mammalIreland
Gloucester sea serpent[17]Large serpentGloucester,Cape Ann
Great auk (surviving populations)[18]Pinguinus impennis, garefowlAquatic flightles birdNorthernAtlantic
Iemisch[19]Iemisch ListaiMix of a jaguar and otterPatagonia
Igopogo[20]Kempenfelt KellyLake monsterLake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)
Labynkyr Devil[21][22][23]Labynkyrsky Chert[citation needed]Lake monsterOymyakonsky Ulus,Sakha Republic, Russia
Loch Ness Monster[24]NessieLake monsterLoch Ness, ScotlandSculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus
Loveland Frog[25]Loveland frogman, Loveland lizardHumanoid frogLoveland, Ohio
Manipogo[26]WinnipogoLake monsterLake Manitoba, Canada
Megalodon (surviving populations)[27][28][29]Otodus megalodon[a]Giant prehistoric sharkOceans
Mokele-mbembe[30]Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster)Republic of the Congo
Morgawr[31]Sea serpentFalmouth Bay
Ogopogo[13]N'ha•a•itk, NaitakaLake monsterLake Okanagan, Canada
Sea serpents[32]Sea animals, dinosaursAll bodies of water
Selma[33]SeljordsormenLake monsterLakeSeljord,Telemark,Norway
Steller's sea ape[34]Sea animalPacific Ocean

Terrestrial

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
British big cats[35]Alien big cats (ABCs),phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions,
Beast of Bodmin,Beast of Exmoor		Carnivorous mammalGreat Britain
Chupacabra[36]Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker)Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America
Dover Demon[37]Dover, Massachusetts
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp[38]Lizard Man of Lee CountyBipedalSouth Carolina, United States
Mapinguari[39]MapinguaryGiant Ground Sloth or primateAmazons
Michigan Dogman[40]HumanoiddogWexford County, Michigan
Moa (surviving original populations)[41][b]Dinornis robustus (South Island giant moa), Dinornis novaezelandiae (North Island giant moa), Anomalopteryx didiformis(Bush moa, little bush moa, or lesser moa)Medium to large flightless birdsNew Zealand
Mongolian death worm[42]Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoiWorm-like animalGobi Desert (Asia)
Nandi bear[43]Chemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, DubaLarge carnivoreEastern Africa
Not-deer[44]Not deerWhite-tailed deer with unnatural characteristicsAppalachia
Queensland Tiger[45]YarriLarge felineQueensland
Thylacine (surviving original populations)[46][47][c]Tasmanian tiger. Tasmanian wolf, Thylacinus cynocephalusCarnivorous marsupialAustralia

Papua New Guinea

Hominid

See also:Wild man
NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
Almas[13]Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana		Non-humanape orhominidAsia/Caucasus
Amomongo[48]Orang Mawas, ImpaktaApe orhominidNegros Occidental, Philippines
Bigfoot[49]SasquatchLarge and hairy ape-like creatureUnited States and Canada
Bukit Timah Monkey Man[50]BTM, BTMMForest-dwellinghominid or otherprimateSingapore
Chatawa Monster[51][52]Large ape-like creatureMississippi, United States
Chuchunya[53]LargehominidRussia
Fouke Monster[54][55]Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek MonsterHominid or otherprimateArkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monster[56]Letiche, Tainted KeitreHominid or otherprimateLouisiana, United States
Orang PendekSmall hominidSumatra
Nittaewo[57]NittevoSmall hominidsSri Lanka
Skunk ape[58]Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk ApePrimateFlorida, United States
Yeren[59][58]Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese WildmanPrimate (possiblehominin)China
Yeti[60]Abominable SnowmanLarge and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptionsHimalayas (Asia)
Yowie[57]Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptionsAustralia

Flying

NameOther namesDescriptionPurported locationDepiction
Jersey Devil[24]Leeds DevilWingedbipedalhorseUnited States, mainly theSouth JerseyPine Barrens, as well as other parts ofNew Jersey and southeasternPennsylvania
Mothman[61]Winged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird MonsterWingedbipedalMason County,West Virginia, United States
Rod[62]Skyfish, Air Rod, Solar EntitySmall flying stick-like creaturesWorldwide

See also

Notes

  1. ^Otodus is the currently acceptedgenus name for megalodon. Older sources refer to the genus asCarcharodon,Carcharocles, and several other names.
  2. ^There is an ongoing de-extinction project to revive the bush moa through genome editing, this entry refers to the possibility of surviving original populations
  3. ^There is an ongoingde-extinction project to revive the species through genome editing, this entry refers to the unconfirmed sightings and reports of surviving original populations

References

  1. ^Mullis (2021: 185): "Eschewing the rigors of science, cryptozoologists publish for a popular audience rather than for experts resulting in the practice itself frequently being derided as a pseudoscience."
  2. ^Loxton & Prothero (2013: 332): "Whatever the romantic appeal of monster mysteries, cryptozoology as it exists today is unquestionably a pseudoscience." Loxton & Prothero (2013: 320): "Cryptozoology has a reputation of being part of a general pseudoscientific fringe—just one more facet ofparanormal belief." (Both quotes fromDonald Prothero)
  3. ^Church (2009: 251–252): "Cryptozoology has acquired a bad reputation as a pseudoscience [...] Until detailed, methodical research becomes standard practice among cryptozoologists, the field will remain disrespected by more traditional biologists and zoologists."
  4. ^Roesch & Moore (2002: 71–78): "Pointing to this rampant speculation and ignorance of established scientific theories in cryptozoology, as well as the field's poor record of success and its reliance on unsystematic, anecdotal evidence, many scientists and skeptics classify cryptozoology as a pseudoscience."
  5. ^Shermer, Michael (2 May 2003)."Show Me the Body".Scientific American. Retrieved8 January 2025.
  6. ^Dash, Mike (2000).Borderlands.The Overlook Press.ISBN 978-0-87951-724-3.
  7. ^Simpson, George Gaylord (1984). "Mammals and Cryptozoology".Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 128, No. 1 (Mar. 30, 1984), pp. 1–19.American Philosophical Society.
  8. ^Cassella, Carly (31 January 2023)."Bigfoot Has a Very Simple Explanation, Scientist Says".ScienceAlert. Retrieved7 January 2025.
  9. ^Loxton & Prothero (2013: 31-32)
  10. ^"El misterioso viaje de las anguilas desde el Triángulo de las Bermudas a los barrancos canarios".ABC. Archived fromthe original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved12 December 2024.
  11. ^Bunyip. (2018).Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 1;
  12. ^Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 261–295.
  13. ^abcShermer, Michael; Linse, Pat (November 2002).The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Vol. 1.ABC-CLIO. p. 72.ISBN 9781576076538.
  14. ^Mörzer Bruyns, W. F. J. (1971). Field guide of whales and dolphins. Rivonverhandeling. Tor. pp. 124–125.ISBN 978-90-70055-09-7
  15. ^"Cetaceans with two dorsal fins"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 13 April 2023. Retrieved7 January 2023.
  16. ^"Ireland's hound of deep - Dobhar Chu".Irish Central News. Retrieved19 December 2018.
  17. ^Nicaise, Alexander (5 September 2019)."Gloucester Sea-Serpent Mystery: Solved after Two Centuries | Skeptical Inquirer". Retrieved25 September 2023.
  18. ^Fuller, Errol (1999). The Great Auk. Southborough, Kent, UK: Privately Published. ISBN 0-9533553-0-6 pp. 404-413
  19. ^Gilmore, David D. (2003).Monsters : evil beings, mythical beasts, and all manner of imaginary terrors. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN 978-0-8122-0322-6.OCLC 802059457.
  20. ^"Welcome to Ogopogo Country - Canada's Lake Creature".epe.lac-bac.gc.ca. Retrieved22 October 2024.
  21. ^Lallanilla, Marc (4 February 2013)."Reports Surface of Monster Lurking in Russian Lake".livescience.com.Live Science. Archived fromthe original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved21 March 2022.
  22. ^"Divers preparing for icy waters of Russia's 'Loch Ness'".siberiantimes.com.The Siberian Times. 5 March 2014. Archived fromthe original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved21 March 2022.
  23. ^"Meet the creature found by divers in Russia's Loch Ness, famed for legends of monsters".siberiantimes.com.The Siberian Times. 21 April 2014. Archived fromthe original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved21 March 2022.
  24. ^abVelasquez, S.J. (31 October 2015)."The monster you should never find".BBC Online.British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved11 August 2018.
  25. ^Haupt, R. (30 June 2015)."Skeptoid #473: The Loveland Frog".Skeptoid. Retrieved1 September 2021.
  26. ^Bernhardt, Darren."Keep your camera handy: Stories of Manitoba lake monsters told for centuries but proof remains elusive".Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved29 June 2024.
  27. ^Guimont, Edward (5 October 2021)."The Megalodon: A Monster of the New Mythology".M/C Journal.24 (5).doi:10.5204/mcj.2793.ISSN 1441-2616.S2CID 241813307.
  28. ^Rouner, Jef (8 August 2013)."Prominent Cryptozoologists Denounce 'Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives'".Houston Press. Retrieved31 October 2024.
  29. ^Montgomery, Joy (7 June 2024)."How Megalodon Worked".How Stuff Works. Retrieved31 October 2024.Most scientists, paleontologists and other experts believe from the fossil evidence that megalodon became extinct over 2 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene period, but some cryptozoologists and researchers think that this giant shark may still exist in the undiscovered depths of the ocean… Proponents of the theory of megalodon's continued existence often point to eyewitness accounts to debate the possibility of the species' survival. Occasionally, a report will surface about a large, unidentified shark in the ocean, but those accounts have been mostly discounted as tall tales. Some researchers say that the discovery of new, unfossilized teeth proves that megalodon lives, but zoologist and cryptozoology expert Ben Speers-Roesch explains that these reports are erroneous and ignore the fact that no truly unfossilized teeth have ever belonged to megalodon.
  30. ^Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 187–188.
  31. ^James, R. M. (2022). MORGAWR AND THE FOLKLORESQUE: (A study of a whopping fish tale).Shima,16(2), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.21463/shima.123
  32. ^Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 228–326.
  33. ^Botsford, Flora (31 August 1999)."Secret life of the Norwegian Nessie".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved30 June 2024.
  34. ^Nickell, Joe (Winter 2016–2017)."Steller's Sea Ape: Identifying an Eighteenth-Century Cryptid".Skeptical Briefs. Vol. 26, no. 4. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
  35. ^"Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them".Forbes. Retrieved18 December 2018.
  36. ^Regal, Brian (15 October 2009).Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia.ABC-CLIO.ISBN 978-0-313-35508-0.
  37. ^Sullivan, Mark (29 October 2006)."Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts".The Boston Globe. Retrieved6 August 2021.
  38. ^Laycock, Joseph P. (11 July 2018)."A Search for Mysteries and Monsters in Small Town America".Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved18 March 2021.
  39. ^"Twilight of the mammoths: Ice Age extinctions and the rewilding of America".Choice Reviews Online.43 (8): 43–4679-43-4679. 1 April 2006.doi:10.5860/choice.43-4679 (inactive 1 February 2025).ISSN 0009-4978.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025 (link)
  40. ^Hudson, Alison (28 July 2015)."Skeptoid #477: Wag the Dogman".Skeptoid. Retrieved22 June 2017.
  41. ^Foxon, Floe (30 December 2024)."Fringe Zoology: The (In)Convenience of Disappearing Evidence | Skeptical Inquirer". Retrieved1 January 2025.
  42. ^Benjamin Radford (21 June 2014)."Mongolian Death Worm: Elusive Legend of the Gobi Desert".livescience.com. Retrieved22 October 2023.
  43. ^Simpson, George Gaylord (1984)."Mammals and Cryptozoology".Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.128 (1):1–19.ISSN 0003-049X.JSTOR 986487.
  44. ^Sword, Autumn (10 September 2021)."Not Deer, or a Deer? | Skeptical Inquirer". Retrieved14 February 2025.
  45. ^Smith, Malcolm (1996).Bunyips & bigfoots : in search of Australia's mystery animals. Alexandria, NSW: Millennium Books.ISBN 1-86429-081-1.OCLC 36719441.
  46. ^Nickell, J., & RANDI, J. (2004). Cryptids “Down Under.” InThe Mystery Chronicles: More Real-Life X-Files (pp. 289–295). University Press of Kentucky. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2tv62q.39
  47. ^Crane, K. (2012).Myths of wilderness in contemporary narratives : Environmental postcolonialism in australia and canada. (pp.145) Palgrave Macmillan
  48. ^"'Amomongo' frightens villagers in Negros".ABS-CBN News. Archived fromthe original on 27 February 2017.
  49. ^Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 29–70.
  50. ^"On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man".Channel NewsAsia. Archived fromthe original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved18 December 2018.
  51. ^"Chatawa—Indians weren't kidding about the sparkling water".Enterprise-Journal. 18 September 1985. p. 19. Retrieved12 October 2024 – viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  52. ^Grayson, Walt (17 July 2020)."Focused on Mississippi: Chatawa Monster".WJTV. Retrieved12 October 2024.
  53. ^O'Carroll, Eoin (28 September 2018)."Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure".TheChristian Science Monitor. Retrieved11 December 2018.
  54. ^Dunning, B. (4 March 2014)."Skeptoid #404: The Boggy Creek Monster".Skeptoid. Retrieved1 September 2021.
  55. ^Thibodeau, Sunni (24 June 2001)."The Fouke Monster 30 Years Later: Ex-journalists recall sifting fact from Fouke fiction after sighting".Texarkana Gazette. Archived fromthe original on 3 August 2003. Retrieved31 October 2024.
  56. ^Frances, Leary (December 2003)."The Honey Island Swamp Monster: The Development and Maintenance of Folk and Commodified Belief Tradition"(PDF). pp. 4–6. Retrieved18 March 2021.
  57. ^abLack, Caleb W.; Rousseau, Jacques (8 March 2016).Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. p. 154.ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8.
  58. ^abLack, Caleb W.; Rousseau, Jacques (8 March 2016).Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains.Springer Publishing Company. p. 170.ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8.
  59. ^"It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?".Irish Examiner. Archived fromthe original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved13 December 2018.
  60. ^Loxton & Prothero 2013, p. 73.
  61. ^Kantrowitz, Lia; Fitzmaurice, Larry; Terry, Josh (16 January 2018)."People Keep Seeing the Mothman in Chicago".Vice. Retrieved26 April 2019.
  62. ^"rods - The Skeptic's Dictionary - Skepdic.com".www.skepdic.com. Retrieved20 September 2023.

Sources

External links

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of:Cryptids
  • Media related toCryptozoology at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition ofcryptid at Wiktionary
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