| Crossopholis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Crossopholis magnicaudatus | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acipenseriformes |
| Family: | Polyodontidae |
| Genus: | †Crossopholis Cope, 1883[1] |
| Type species | |
| Crossopholis magnicaudatus | |
Crossopholis is an extinct fish known from the earlyEocene (Ypresian) of North America, approximately 52 million years ago. It is a close relative of the contemporaryAmerican paddlefish, belonging to thepaddlefish family Polyodontidae.
First described byEdward Drinker Cope in 1883, the first specimen consisted of an incomplete section of the fish's body and tail. In 1886, a partial skull was recovered by Cope. A nearly complete fossil wasn't recorded until 1980. This was due, in part, to the comparative rarity of the fossil as well as the similarities to other species found within the site.
A member of the familyPolyodontidae,Crossopholis is most closely related to theAmerican paddlefish.[3]Crossopholis means "fringed scales"; a reference to the thousands of tiny (less than 0.5mm) scales which covered the body of the animal.[4]
Relationships of recent and fossil paddlefish genera, after Grandeet al. (2002).[5]
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The fossils of this fish are found in theFossil Lake area of theGreen River Formation. It is more commonly found in shallower deposits of the Thompson Ranch sandwich bed in the Northeast corner of the site than in the deeper midlake sediment deposits. As the species comprises less than .02% of fossils found in the formation, it is probable thatCrossopholis spent much of its life in the connecting rivers that existed to the North. This is further evidenced by that lack of juvenile specimens found in the lake area.[4]
Crossopholis was a predator, with fossil evidence of it consuming small schooling fish such asKnightia eocaena. This is in contrast to the American paddlefish, which primarily consumeszooplankton. Research has indicated that therostrum was an electro-sensory organ, similar to the function in extant relatives. This allowed it to find prey in poor lighting or murky water.[4] With a maximum recorded length of 1.5m, it is smaller than its modern relatives.
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