| Cross City Air Force Station Cross City Army Airfield  | |
|---|---|
| Part ofAir Defense Command, later Aerospace Defense Command | |
| Dixie County, nearCross City, Florida | |
 Cross City AFS in the 1960s | |
 Cross City Army Airfield, 1944 | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Long Range Radar Site |
| Code | ADC ID: TM-200, NORAD ID: Z-200 |
| Controlled by |  United States Air Force |
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Location | |
  Cross City AFS | |
| Coordinates | 29°38′4.60″N83°05′55.89″W / 29.6346111°N 83.0988583°W /29.6346111; -83.0988583. |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1942 |
| Built by | U.S. Air Force |
| In use | 1942-1970 |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | Cross City, Florida |
Cross City Air Force Station is a formerUnited States Air Force facility, located 1.6 miles (2.6 km) east ofCross City, Florida.
Originally a small civil airport, duringWorld War II it was active as a training base for theArmy Air Forces School of Applied Tactics andThird Air Force.[citation needed]
Closed after the war and returned to civil control, in 1958 theUnited States Air Force exercised a right of return and a portion of the airport became anAir Defense Command ground interceptor radar site. Closed by the Air Force in 1970, the radars were turned over to theFederal Aviation Administration (FAA). Today it is part of theJoint Surveillance System (JSS), designated byNORAD asEastern Air Defense Sector (EADS) Ground Equipment Facility J-10.[citation needed]
The airport was opened as a public airport in April 1940. In August 1942, the facility was requisitioned by theUnited States Army Air Forces, and construction began to convert theCivil Aeronautics Administration airport in Cross City to a dive bomber military training airfield. The construction included the addition of and improvements to buildings, taxiways, roads, and hard stands. Historical documents list three ranges at the Cross City AAF: a shoot-in-butt, a rifle range, and a skeet range.
Known asCross City Army Airfield, it was used as part of the Army Air Forces Center (AAF Center)'s combat simulation school in Central and NorthernFlorida and as a unit training center byThird Air Force.
Activated on 27 October 1942 as part of theArmy Air Forces School of Applied Tactics (AAFSAT), Cross City AAF was assigned as a sub-base ofOrlando Army Air Base, and came under the jurisdiction of the50th Fighter Group stationed at Orlando.
The 50th assigned the305th Fighter Squadron (Single Engine), flyingBell P-39 Airacobra aircraft, to the field on 21 October 1942[1] to fly training missions from Cross City. In 1943, the AAFSAT was renamed theArmy Air Forces Tactical Center (AAFTC). In June 1943, the 305th Fighter Squadron was replaced by the AAFTC's81st Fighter Squadron (Single Engine), flyingP-47 Thunderbolts until 1 February 1944.[2]
In support of the training mission, the Horseshoe Point Auxiliary Airfield (29°28′19″N083°18′18″W / 29.47194°N 83.30500°W /29.47194; -83.30500) was constructed and used by the school as an auxiliary and emergency landing airfield. No personnel were permanently assigned to Horseshoe Point.
The AAFTC training mission ended in late June 1944, when Cross City was officially reassigned toIII Fighter Command. With the transfer, Cross City was assigned toThird Air Force and became a sub-base ofAlachua Army Airfield, near Gainesville, assigned to the Commando Squadron Fighter Training School.
A different mission of sorts was ordered by III Fighter Command, the training of Air Commando fighter units for theChina Burma India Theater and the invasion ofBurma. Cross City AAF was initially assigned squadrons of the2d and3d Air Commando Groups training withNorth American P-51 Mustang fighters. However, it was decided by Third Air Force to consolidate the Commando fighter squadron training at Alachua AAF. Instead, the liaison squadrons of the2d Air Commando Group were moved to Cross City AAF fromLakeland Army Airfield in late June. Through the summer and early fall of 1944, six liaison squadrons were trained at the airfield. Equipped with PiperL-4 Grasshopper and StinsonL-5 Sentinel liaison planes and Noorduyn and AeroncaC-64 Norseman utility cargo aircraft, the pilots were schooled in low level flying, short field landings, tactical reconnaissance, and supply missions.
With the Air Commando units moving out at the end of 1944, the flying mission wound down at Cross City AAF and it was used as an auxiliary airfield of theAir Technical Service Command facilities at Alachua AAF. The airfield remained open, mostly seeing transient training aircraft from various training bases in Florida and South Georgia. The number of personnel was also reduced, being reassigned to other bases.
In January 1945, Third Air Force sent down orders to close the facility, and it was placed on inactive status on 1 February 1945. Jurisdiction of the airfield was transferred toAir Technical Service Command (ATSC), whose mission was the transfer of any useful military equipment to other bases around the country. Under ATSC, buildings and equipment were sold and any useful military equipment was transferred to other military bases across the United States. The base was declared as surplus in 1946 and was turned over to theWar Assets Administration (WAA) for disposal and return to civil use. After the war, the airfield was returned to civil control and theCross City Airport was re-established.[3][4][5]
Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics / Army Air Forces Tactical Center
Third Air Force
In 1958, the United States Air Force exercised a reversal clause option for a portion of the former Cross City AAF under the post-World War II WAA action that transferred the former military airfield back to the city as a civilian airport. As a USAF installation, the new facility would not have a flying mission, but would be an air defense radar site under the operational control of theAir Defense Command (ADC). The portion of the field used by ADC was renamedCross City Air Force Station.
New military construction (MILCON) ensued, to include concrete structures for barracks, dining facilities, operations, administration, maintenance, and backup electrical power, as well as metal and masonry structures for radar antennas and associated systems. The 691st Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (691 AC&WS) moved fromDobbins AFB, Georgia[6] to Cross City AFS with anAN/FPS-20A search radar and a pair ofAN/FPS-6A height-finder radar sets on 1 July 1958 and the station initially functioned as a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. Alert fighter-interceptor aircraft under Cross City AFS control would typically sortie fromTyndall AFB, Florida or from theFlorida Air National Guard's alert facility atImeson Airport in Jacksonville, Florida.
During 1959, Cross City AFS joined theSemi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to Direction Center DC-09 atGunter AFB, Alabama. After joining, the squadron was re-designated as the691st Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 October 1959.[7] The radar squadron provided information 24/7/365 to the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.
In 1962, the search radar was upgraded to anAN/FPS-66 radar, and then to an AN/FPS-66A in 1967. In addition to the general radar surveillance, Cross City AFS supportedCIM-10 Bomarc antiaircraft missile testing by the 4751st Air Defense Wing (Missile) and 4751st Air Defense Squadron (Missile) atEglin AFB Auxiliary Field #9 (Hurlburt Field), Florida.
In addition to the main facility, Cross City AFS also operated twoAN/FPS-14 Gap Filler sites:
On 1 April 1966, theMontgomery Air Defense Sector was replaced by the32d Air Division, which was reactivated at Gunter AFB on that date. In 1968, Air Defense Command was renamedAerospace Defense Command (ADC), but all existing command relationships for the 691st Radar Squadron and Cross City AFS with the 32nd Air Division remained unchanged. In 1969, one AN/FPS-6 was removed and higher headquarters for the 691st and Cross City AFS shifted to the20th Air Division at Tyndall AFB.
The Air Force inactivated the 691st Radar Squadron on 30 September 1970[8] and closed the facility.[9]
Today what was Cross City Air Force Station is now theFlorida Department of Corrections'Cross City Correctional Institution. Access by the general public is not permitted. Many former Air Force buildings are now utilized by the prison while the radar site is still used as part of theJoint Surveillance System (JSS).
Units:
Assignments:
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency| Units |
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