| Crimea attacks (2022–present) | |||||
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| Part of thesouthern Ukraine campaign during theRussian invasion of Ukraine | |||||
 Crimean Peninsula | |||||
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| Belligerents | |||||
 Russia |  Ukraine | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| Ukrainian claim: 1 killed 19 injured 7 aircraft destroyed 3 damaged Ukrainian claim:[1][2][3] 60 killed 100 injured 9 aircraft destroyed 4 damaged | Russian claim: 3 rockets shot down 70+ aerial drones shot down 15+ maritime drones destroyed | ||||
| 9 civilians killed 126 injured | |||||
Beginning in July 2022, a series of explosions and fires occurred on theRussian-occupiedCrimean Peninsula, from where the Russian Army had launched itsoffensive on Southern Ukraine during theRussian invasion of Ukraine. Occupied since 2014, Crimea was a base for the subsequentRussian occupation of Kherson Oblast andRussian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[4]
Vladimir Putin has called Crimea a "sacred place" and a "holy land".[5][6] Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of RussiaDmitry Medvedev said in July 2022 that the consequence of an attack on Crimea will be that, "the Day of Judgment will come for all of them there at once. Very fast and heavy. It will be very difficult to hide".[7]
On 3 February 2023, the United States government announced an aid package for Ukraine that would include theGround Launched Small Diameter Bomb (GLSDB), which can be launched out of existing Ukraine-operatedHIMARS orMLRS launchers (or out of its own launcher) to hit Russian targets that had been moved out ofGMLRS range. The GLSDB almost doubles the range that Ukraine could previously target with these launchers (150 km (93 mi) vs 85 km (53 mi) with GMLRS).[8] This "will put all of Russia's supply lines in the east of [Ukraine] within reach, as well as part of Russian-occupied Crimea", according to Reuters.[9] "Russia is using Crimea as a big military base from which it sends reinforcements for its troops on the southern front," said Ukrainian military analyst Oleksandr Musiyenko. "If we had a 150km (munition), we could reach that and disrupt the logistical connection with Crimea."[9] It has been speculated that the GLSDB might allow Ukraine to target theDzhankoi airfield in northern Crimea,[10] described as the logistics hub of the Russian army.[11]Dzhankoi is a critical rail and road hub in the supply network Russia has been using in its attack on Ukraine[12] and, along with its surrounding areas, has been described as the largest Russian military base in Crimea.[13] Ukraine holds the territory across theDnieper River fromNova Kakhovka[14] (close to where theNorth Crimean Canal begins).[15] The distance between Nova Kakhovka and Dzhankoi is 141 km (88 mi).[16] It has also been estimated that if Ukraine were able to advance toPrymorsk on their southern coast, this would put theCrimean Bridge over theKerch Strait within range of the GLSDB.[17] This bridge constitutes the main supply route for Russian military bases in Crimea and for Russian forces in southern Ukraine.[18][12]
On 11 May 2023 it was announced that theU.K. was sending "a number" ofStorm Shadow air-launched cruise missiles to Ukraine. This weapon has an official range "exceeding" 250 km (160 mi).[19][20] While this falls short of the 300 km (190 mi) range of the U.S. madeATACMS,[21] it would allow a Storm Shadow missile fired by Ukraine from an aircraft flying above the city ofKherson to reach Russia'sSevastopol Naval Base in southern Crimea, home of Russia'sBlack Sea Fleet[22] (distance 245 km (152 mi)).[23]
On 24 August, 2023, the 32nd anniversary of Ukraine'sIndependence Day, theHUR announced that Air Force and Navy intelligence were involved in a special operation near the towns ofMayak andOlenivka on theTarkhankut Peninsula, which saw a seaborne landing and airborne deployment of Ukrainian personnel on Crimea. The HUR announced that all objectives of the operation were completed, Russian forces suffered casualties, and that the Ukrainian state flag was once again flown over the Crimean peninsula.[24][25][26]
On 1 October, there were explosions at the Belbek military airport near Sevastopol, the air defense system allegedly shot down a drone in the area.[27] On 8 October at around 6:00 am,an explosion occurred on theCrimean bridge. It caused two lanes of the roadway to collapse and tanks on a train on the rail bridge to catch fire.[28] Later in the day a single lane for motor vehicles was opened with alternating directions and a ferry provided for heavy goods vehicles. Rail traffic also recommenced.[29] The attack on the bridge was claimed by Putin to be the reason for theOctober 2022 missile strikes on Ukraine. On 27 October, a power plant inBalaklava, Sevastopol region, reportedly attacked, causing minor damage, no casualties were reported.[30]
On 17 July 2023, theCrimean Bridge linking Crimea with mainland Russia wasagain attacked, this time by two exploding drone boats. At least one of the road sections collapsed. Two people were reportedly killed.[31] Ukraine later acknowledged it carried out the attack.[32]
On 3 June 2025, theCrimean Bridge was temporarily closed and subsequently reopened byRussian authorities after several underwaterC-4 explosives planted under the bridge detonated. TheSecurity Service of Ukraine claimed responsibility, saying its agents planted 1,100 kg (1.1 t) ofTNT equivalent at a support section of the bridge.[33]
On the morning of 31 July, 2022, a drone with an explosive device attacked the headquarters of theBlack Sea Fleet inSevastopol. Six people were injured. Due to the attack on the city, all festivities on the occasion of the Navy Day were cancelled.[34] Ukrainian officials denied involvement in the attack, but pointed out the weakness of Russia's air defense system in Crimea.[35]
On the morning of 21 August, explosions were heard in Sevastopol, Crimean authorities claimed that it was the work of air defense.[36] On the next day, explosions rang out again in the city, the occupation authorities announced that a drone had been shot down.[37] On 23 August, several explosions were heard, the anti-aircraft missile system also went off near the city, the governor of Sevastopol,Mikhail Razvozhayev, said that a drone was shot down over the sea.[38] On 26 August, the anti-aircraft defense system was activated in the villageNovoozerne nearYevpatoria.[39]
On 21 September, amaritime drone was discovered on Soldatsky Beach in Kozacha Bay, Sevastopol. It was examined, then towed out to sea and blown up.[40][41]
On 29 October, the Russian-occupiedSevastopol Naval Base was attacked byunmanned surface vehicles and aerial drones. According to the RussianTASS, at 4:20 am on 29 October, a strong explosion sounded, after which several more "claps" were heard. Videos began to circulate inTelegram channels showing black smoke over Sevastopol and explosions could be heard.[42] Nine UAVs and seven USVs took part in the attack, according to Russian officials.[43]GeoConfirmed analysts believe that between six and eight drones participated in the attack on Russian ships and that they hit at least three ships; two naval drones were most likely destroyed.[44] One of the ships that appeared to be damaged in videos was theAdmiral Makarov, Russia'sBlack Sea Fleet new flagship, following the sinking of theMoskva.[45][46][47]
Following the attacks the Russian authorities shut down broadcast from the city'ssurveillance cameras, saying that they "give the enemy an opportunity to detect the city's defense systems",[48] and prohibited entry of boats into the Sevastopol Bay.[43] Russia accused Ukraine and the United Kingdom of being involved in the preparation of the attacks, with Russian representatives saying that the attack was "carried out under the leadership of British specialists who are in the city ofOchakiv (Mykolaiv region) of Ukraine", Russian authorities also claimed that the same unit of "British specialists" was involved in the "terrorist act in the Baltic Sea", when the gas pipelines "Nord Stream" and "Nord Stream – 2" were blown up.[49] TheUK Ministry of Defence responded, saying Russia was "peddling lies on an epic scale".[50] After the attack, Russia suspended its participation in theBlack Sea Grain Initiative for four days.[30] Grain ships continued to sail from Ukraine despite the Russian announcement.[51] Before these events, Ukraine had warned about possible Russian plans to withdraw from the agreement.[52]
On 22 November, several explosions were reported on Sevastopol, witnesses reported that anti-air systems activated, maritime traffic had to be stopped as a result. local officials later reported that two drones had been destroyed during the alleged attack, and that another attack had been repelled over the Black Sea, no casualties or significant damage were reported.[53]
On 10 December, explosions were reported in Sevastopol, and anti-air systems reportedly activated.[54] On 30 December, explosions were reported yet again in Sevastopol, anti-air systems and Russian planes reportedly intercepted a rocket over the sea.[55]
On 2 January, 2023, explosions were reported in Sevastopol, anti-air systems activated and two drone were reportedly destroyed over the sea, according to Russian authorities.[56] On 15 January, more explosions were reported in Sevastopol, anti-air systems activated and allegedly destroyed one drone above the Sevastopol Bay, according to local authorities.[57]
On 22 March, explosions were reported overnight in Sevastopol Bay, electricity allegedly went down as a result of these explosions, civilians reported hearing several "shots" and explosions over the bay during the night and morning, it was alleged that these loud sounds were the result of a drone attack, local telegram channels reported possible attack by UAVs and USVs, with one UAV allegedly downed; maritime traffic was interrupted after the alleged attack.[58]
On 25 August, the Ukrainian military and the SBU launched a joint drone strike on the126th Coastal Defence Brigade of the Russian Black Sea Fleet inPerevalne, reportedly inflicting "dozens" of casualties.[59][60]
On 13 September, a Ukrainian strike on Russia'sSevastopol Naval Base damaged two Russian warships. According to a number of sources, the strike was carried out usingStorm Shadow cruise missiles,[61][62][63] which are designed to penetrate deeply into their targets and inflict maximum damage in a two-phase process.[64] Experts have concluded from photographs that theMinsk, a largeRopucha-class landing ship, was damaged beyond repair.[65][66] Also damaged was theRostov-on-Don, a $300MKilo-class submarine.[67]
On 22 September, Ukrainelaunched a missile strike on the headquarters of the RussianBlack Sea Fleet atSevastopol Naval Base.[68] The building was reportedly struck by Storm Shadow cruise missiles. Ukraine's intelligence agencies reported that the strike, which it codenamed "Operation Crab Trap", killed 34 officers and wounded at least 100 other Russian servicemen.[69][70][71][72] Three days later, Russian authorities announced that they would demolish the damaged headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet.[73]
On 29 December, a RussianTarantul-class corvette was struck by a Ukrainian drone whilst in harbour at Sevastopol. On 20 January 2024, satellite images confirmed its sinking.[74]
On 23 March, 2024, the Ukrainian military launched a "massive" missile attack onSevastopol Naval Base.[75] A Black Sea Fleet communications center was struck by three Storm Shadow missiles.[76] Ukraine's military said the strikes damaged three Russian landing ships: theYamal, theAzov, and theKonstantin Olshansky. The spy shipIvan Khurs was also reportedly damaged.[77]
On 23 June, Ukraine launched an ATACMS missile bombardment towards Sevastopol. Missile fragmentshit a beach, killing four people and injuring 151 others. Russia held the United States responsible and vowed that there will be a response.[78]
On 9 August, 2022,a series of large explosions occurred at theSaky airbase in the city ofNovofedorivka,Crimea. Reportedly, one person was killed[79][80][81] and 13 were injured.[82] Seven planes were destroyed and three were damaged, according to satellite imagery.[83] The military base had been seized by Russian forces during the2014 annexation of Crimea. At first Ukraine denied any responsibility with presidential aide,Mykhailo Podolyak saying "Of course not. What do we have to do with this?" Later, the commander of Ukrainian forces,Valeriy Zaluzhnyi claimed that it had been a Ukrainian rocket attack.[84]
On 6 January, 2024, the Ukrainian Air Force said it had destroyed a Russian command center atSaky airbase.[85]
On 31 January, 2024, 31 the Ukrainian Air Force said it launched a missile strike onBelbek airbase, damaging three Russian military aircraft.[86][87]
On April 17, Ukrainian missiles struckDzhankoi airbase in Crimea causing at least six explosions and multiple secondary explosions to be reported by locals[88] while NASAFIRMS imagery showed six fires there. Subsequent satellite pictures showed the destruction of three to five S-300/S-400 components and other areas marked with "scorch marks" that suggested equipment that had been damaged but removed. Ukraine subsequently released footage of multiple missiles being launched at the air base.[89]
In the early hours of the 15 May, Ukraine launched a missile strike againstBelbek airbase reportedly destroying twoMiG-31 fighter jets on the ground, igniting a fire at a fuel and lubricant depot serving the airbase and wounding 11 soldiers. A subsequent strike then destroyed the launcher component of anS-400 air defence system near the village ofVyshneve (about 70km from Belbek) killing two Russian soldiers. The Russian-appointed Governor of SevastopolMikhail Razvozhayev stated that American-madeATACMS missiles were used in the strike but said that all missiles were successfully intercepted by Russian air defences.[90]
On 16–17 August, 2022, the Armed Forces of Ukraine allegedly carried out a series of acts of sabotage in theDzhankoi district at an ammunition depot near the village of Majskoye and at an electricity substation inDzhankoi itself.[91] Two people were injured.[92] According to the mayor of Melitopol,Ivan Fedorov, following the explosions, the occupying authorities of Crimea began an evacuation.[93] with around 2,000 people being reportedly evacuated.[92]Sergey Aksyonov, one of the heads of the Russian authorities in crimea, announced the containment of a zone with a radius of 5 km from the epicenter of the explosion and the evacuation of the population from this zone.[92]
On 20 March, 2023, Ukraine's Ministry of Defense stated that Russian "Kalibr-KN" cruise missiles being transported by train in Dzhankoi were destroyed in a missile strike in Russian-occupied Crimea, the attack also severely damaged the railway system in the region.[94] The Russian-installed head of Crimea,Sergei Aksyonov, confirmed there was a strike and the region's air defense system was activated.[95][96] Oleg Kryuchkov, an adviser to Aksyonov, claimed that the drone attack was aimed at civilian targets.[97] Local authorities declared a state of emergency after the attack.[98]
On 22 June, a Ukrainian missile damaged theChonhar bridge, an important road bridge linking Crimea to the Ukrainian mainland.[99]
On 19 July, there was a fire and numerous explosions at a Russian ammunition depot nearStaryi Krym, forcing the evacuation of four villages and the closure of the nearbyTavrida Highway. There were unconfirmed reports that it was caused by Ukrainian strikes.[100] Three days later, another Russian ammunition depot was struck by drones inKrasnohvardiiske Raion, forcing the evacuation of a five-kilometer radius.[101]
On 28 July, Ukraine's intelligence agency said that saboteurs blew up an ammunition warehouse atKozacha Bay, the headquarters of the Russian810th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade.[102]
On 23 August, the Ukrainian military destroyed a RussianS-400 missile system onCape Tarkhankut, Crimea. A modifiedR-360 Neptune missile was used in the strike.[103] It is reported that several Russian military personnel were killed.[104]
On 30 October, Ukraine claimed to have destroyed Russian air defense systems in a missile attack on Crimea. Russian milbloggers said that two missiles fell nearOlenivka.[105] The attack was believed to have targeted anS-300 missile battery, and injured about 17 Russian soldiers.[106]
Ukrainian forces likely attacked an oil storage facility in Kozacha Bay,Sevastopol on 29 April, 2023.[107] The resulting fire was said by occupation governor of SevastopolMikhail Razvozhaev to have extended over 1,000 square meters.[107] Footage showed a large fire at the storage facility.[108][109] The Ukraine military warned that this was a prelude to a much-anticipated spring offensive.[110]
A Ukrainian exploding drone boat severely damaged the Russian tankerSig in theKerch Strait on 5 August.[111] On 5 August 2023, the tanker was reported to have been the target of anaval drone attack by Ukrainian forces in theBlack Sea 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of theCrimean Bridge which damaged the engine room on the starboard side.[citation needed]
On 11 September, 2023, Ukrainian military intelligence said that Ukrainian special forces had captured several oil and gas drilling platforms off the western Crimean coast, which had been occupied and fortified by Russia since 2015. Among the facilities retaken were theBoyko Towers and the 'Tavryda' and 'Syvash' mobile rigs. According to Ukrainian sources, a RussianSu-30 fighter jet tried to sink the Ukrainian assault boats, but was struck by a UkrainianMANPAD, forcing it to withdraw. Ukrainian forces also seized ammunition and a radar system from the platforms.[112]
Russia claimed to have shot down 35 Ukrainian drones over Crimea on 5 December.[113] Ukrainian media reported that an oil terminal inFeodosia, aNebo-M radar system nearBaherove, as well as a Russian military helicopter yard, a radar complex, and an anti-aircraft missile control system were damaged in the attacks.[114]
On 7 October, Ukraine launched a drone attack against a fuel depot inFeodosia causing explosions and fire[115] detected byNASA'sFIRMS.
On 7 September, 2022, several explosions rang out inYevpatoria. The occupation authorities of the Russian Federation in the region announced the activation ofair defense and the destruction of several drones.[116]
On 26 September, a series of explosions occurred inYalta,Gurzuf andSimferopol, anti-air systems allegedly went off during the explosions.[117]
On 3 January, 2023, explosions were reported again inDzhankoi, anti-air systems reportedly activated, witnesses also reported the destruction of some type of "target".[118]
On 4 March, explosions were heard in the occupiedSimferopol district. A drone was reportedly downed over the village ofHvardiiske, there was no official confirmation of the reports by local authorities.[119]
On 7 October, missile strikes were reported inDzhankoi,Yevpatoriya andKrasnoperekopsk.[120]
On 4 January 2024, Ukraine said it had hit two Russian military targets in Crimea.[121]
Satellite images taken on 25 April 2023 of a Russian military base in Medvedivka,Dzhankoi District, showed that armoured vehicles and artillery present in this area in October 2022 and in January 2023 were no longer present. Experts have surmised that this may be related to defensive operations ahead of an expected Ukrainian counteroffensive.[122][123]
On 4 November, Ukraine launched a missile strike on theZalyv Shipbuilding yard inKerch, Crimea, hitting a dry dock and reportedly damaging the Russian cruise missile carrierAskold.[124]
On 10 November, Ukrainian military intelligence said one RussianSerna-class landing craft and oneOndatra-class craft were sunk by drone boats inVuzka Bay, Crimea.[125]
On 1 February 2024, Ukrainian sea drones sunk the Russian missilecorvetteIvanovets inDonuzlav Bay, on the west coast of Crimea.[126][127]
On 5 March, the Russian patrol shipSergey Kotov, along with an on-board helicopter, was sunk by Ukrainian naval drones near theKerch Strait. The HUR said that seven Russian crewmen were killed.[128] The Crimean bridge was closed to traffic due to Ukrainian air drones and sea drones attackingKerch.[129]
Part of theRusso-Ukrainian war (2022–present) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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