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Cranioscopy is a term created byFranz Joseph Gall (1758–1828), a Germanneuroanatomist andphysiologist who was a pioneer in the study of the localization ofmental functions in thebrain, to name his technique to inferlocalization of function in the brain on the basis of the external anatomy of theskull or cranium."Cranioscopy, later known asphrenology, asserts that the shape of a person's skull revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics."[1]Cranioscopy is the basis ofphrenology, but was later proved to be unscientific.
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