| Crab-eating raccoon | |
|---|---|
.JPG) | |
| An individual at Reserva de Fauna Carmelo, Uruguay | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Procyonidae |
| Genus: | Procyon |
| Species: | P. cancrivorus |
| Binomial name | |
| Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) | |
| Subspecies | |
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| Crab-eating raccoon range | |
Thecrab-eating raccoon,southern raccoon, orSouth American raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is aspecies ofraccoon native to marshy and jungle areas ofCentral andSouth America (includingTrinidad and Tobago). It is found fromCosta Rica south through most areas of South America east of theAndes down to northernArgentina andUruguay.[1] Despite its name, this species does not feed exclusively oncrabs, and thecommon raccoon also seeks and eats crabs where they are available. In theTupi–Guarani languages, it is known asaguará oragoará popé.[2]
The crab-eating raccoon can be found in South America and parts of Central America. It can be found inTrinidad and Tobago,Panama,Colombia,Venezuela,Suriname,Guyana,French Guiana,Ecuador,Brazil,Peru,Bolivia,Paraguay,Uruguay, andArgentina.[1]
The crab-eating raccoon eatscrabs,lobsters,crayfish, othercrustaceans, andshellfish, such asoysters andclams. It is anomnivore and its diet also includes, for example, smallamphibians,fish,insects,[3] smallturtles,[4] turtle eggs, fruits, nuts, and vegetables.[4] It resembles its northern cousin, thecommon raccoon, in having a bushy ringed tail and "bandit mask" of fur around its eyes. Unlike the common raccoon, the hair on the nape of the neck points towards the head, rather than backward.[5] The crab-eating raccoon also appears to be more adapted to anarboreal lifestyle than the common raccoon, with sharper, narrower claws. It also is better adapted for a diet of hard-shelled food, with most of the cheek teeth being larger than those of the common raccoon, with broader, rounded cusps. Although the crab-eating raccoon can appear smaller and more streamlined than the common raccoon due to its much shorter fur and moregracile build, the crab-eating raccoon is of similar dimensions to the northern species. Therefore,Allen's rule does not apply to thegenus. Head and body length is 41 to 80 cm (16 to 31 in), tail length is 20 to 56 cm (8 to 22 in) and height at the shoulder is about 23 cm (9 in). Weights can range from 2 to 12 kg (4 to 26 lb), though are mostly between 5 and 7 kg (11 and 15 lb).[6] Males are usually larger than the females. It is a host of the intestinal parasitePachysentis procyonis, an acanthocephalan whose species name is derived from the genus of the crab-eating raccoon.[7]
The crab-eating raccoon is solitary and nocturnal, primarily terrestrial but will spend a significant amount of time in trees. It is almost always found near streams, lakes, and rivers. InPanama and Costa Rica, where it issympatric with the common raccoon, it will be strictly found in inland rivers and streams, while the common raccoon lives in mangrove forests and swamps. In areas of sympatric range raccoons seen in the day time, in areas with people, in mangroves and in swamps will almost certainly be common raccoon. Less frequently, it will reside in evergreen forests or the plains, but are only rarely found in rainforests.[5] Compared to the common raccoon, which thrives in urban environments and adapts quickly to the presence of humans, the crab-eating raccoon adapts less easily and is much less likely to be found in human environments.
The crab-eating raccoon breeds between July and September, and gestation lasts between 60 and 73 days. Offspring are born in crevices, hollow trees, or abandoned nests from other creatures. Between two and seven kits are born, with three being the average. While typically crab-eating raccoons only breed once per year, if a female loses all her kits early in the season, they will mate again and have a second litter. Males have no part in raising young, and while attending to young, females will become much more territorial and will not tolerate other raccoons around them.[8]
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Media related toProcyon cancrivorus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related toProcyon cancrivorus at Wikispecies