| Caroline of Zweibrücken | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt | |
| Tenure | 17 October 1768 – 30 March 1774 |
| Born | 9 March 1721 Strasbourg |
| Died | 30 March 1774 (aged 53) Darmstadt |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | |
| House | Palatinate-Zweibrücken |
| Father | Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken |
| Mother | Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken |
Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Caroline Henriette Christiane Philippine Louise; 9 March 1721 – 30 March 1774) wasLandgravine ofHesse-Darmstadt by marriage toLouis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was famed as one of the most learned women of her time and known asThe Great Landgräfin.
Together with Louis IX, her husband, she became themost recent common ancestors of all current sovereigns of hereditarymonarchies in Europe in 2022 afterCharles III becameKing of the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
Caroline was the daughter ofChristian III, Duke of Zweibrücken and his wifeCaroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken.
Caroline married on 12 August 1741 inZweibrücken,Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. The marriage was arranged and unhappy[citation needed]: Caroline was interested in music and literature, while Louis was interested in military matters. She lived separated from him atBuchsweiler. In 1772, Caroline promoted the politicianFriedrich Karl von Moser.
Caroline was better known asThe Great Landgräfin, a name given to her byJohann Wolfgang von Goethe. She befriended several writers and philosophers of her time, such asJohann Gottfried Herder,Christoph Martin Wieland and Goethe. Wieland wished he had the power to make herQueen of Europa.
Caroline also had contact withFrederick II of Prussia. She was one of the few women that theAlte Fritz respected, and he famously referred to her asthe Glory and Wonder of our century; after Caroline's death, he sent an urn to Darmstadt with the textfemina sexu, ingenio vir ('A woman by sex, a man by spirit').[1]
Caroline and her husband became themost recent common ancestors of all reigning hereditary European monarchs in 2022 afterCharles III becameKing of the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caroline Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg |  | 2 March 1746 | 18 September 1821 | Married in 1768Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, had issue |
| Frederika Louisa Queen of Prussia |  | 16 October 1751 | 25 February 1805 | Married in 1769Frederick William II of Prussia, had issue. |
| Louis I Grand Duke of Hesse |  | 14 June 1753 | 6 April 1830 | Married in 1777Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, had issue |
| Amalie Hereditary Princess of Baden |  | 20 June 1754 | 21 June 1832 | Married in 1775Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, had issue |
| Wilhelmina Louisa Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia | .jpg) | 25 June 1755 | 26 April 1776 | Married in 1773 the future EmperorPaul I of Russia, no surviving issue |
| Louisa Augusta Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |  | 30 January 1757 | 14 February 1830 | Married in 1775Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, had issue |
| Friedrich Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |  | 10 June 1759 | 11 March 1802 | never married, mistress was Catharina Wenedick, 2 illegitimate children: Lisette Thimotee Friedrich (born: 24 January 1799) and Friedrich Friedrich (born around 1800) |
| Christian Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |  | 25 November 1763 | 17 April 1830 | Died unmarried |
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Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken Cadet branch of theHouse of Wittelsbach Born: 9 March 1721 Died: 30 March 1774 | ||
| German royalty | ||
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| Vacant Title last held by Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt 17 October 1768 – 30 March 1774 | Vacant Title next held by Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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