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Council on American–Islamic Relations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American Muslim advocacy group
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This article'slead sectionmay be too short to adequatelysummarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead toprovide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(August 2025)

Council on American–Islamic Relations
FormationJune 1994; 31 years ago (1994-06)
FounderOmar Ahmad
Type501(c)3 organization
77-0646756
PurposeMuslim activism[1][2][3]
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
Location
  • 453 New Jersey Ave., S.E.
Region served
United States
Executive Director
Nihad Awad
Key people
Roula Allouch
(Chairperson)
Ibrahim Mossallam
(Board VP)[4]
Ibrahim Hooper
(National Communications Director)
Staff70+[needs update]
Volunteers300+[needs update]
Websitewww.cair.comEdit this at Wikidata
Part ofa series on
Islamophobia
No mosque
Violence
Attacks on mosques:Genocide:Massacres, torture, expulsion:Other incidents:

TheCouncil on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) is aMuslimcivil rights[5][6] andadvocacy group.[2] It is headquartered onCapitol Hill inWashington, D.C., with regional offices nationwide. Through civil rights actions, media relations, civic engagement, and education, CAIR works to promote social, legal and political activism amongMuslims in America.[7]

History

[edit]

Early years (1994–2001)

[edit]

CAIR was founded in June 1994.[8] CAIR's first office was located in Washington, D.C., as is its present-day headquarters onCapitol Hill. Its founding was partly in response to the filmTrue Lies, which Arab and Muslim groups condemned for its stereotyping of Arab and Muslim villains.[9] The offices opened a month before the film's release. CAIR's first advocacy campaign was in response to an offensive greeting card that used the term "shia" to refer to human excrement. CAIR led a national campaign and used activists to pressure the greeting card company, which eventually withdrew the card from the market.[8][10][11]

In 1995, CAIR handled its first case ofhijab discrimination, in which a Muslim employee was denied the right to wear the hijab; this type of complaint became one of the most common received by CAIR's civil rights department.[12][13][14]

CAIR continued its advocacy work in the aftermath of the April 19, 1995Oklahoma City bombing of the Murrah Federal Building. Following the attack, Muslim-Americans were subjected to an upsurge in harassment and discrimination, including a rise in hate crimes nationally;[15] 222 hate crimes against Muslims nationwide were reported in the days immediately following the bombing.[16][17] The bombing gave CAIR national stature for their efforts to educate the public about Islam and religious bias in America; their report was featured on the front page ofThe New York Times on August 28, 1995, and was subsequently mentioned onABC World News Tonight.[8]

In 1996, CAIR began "CAIR-NET", a read-only e-maillistserve aimed to help American Muslims identify and combat anti-Muslim prejudice in the U.S. and Canada. CAIR-NET contained descriptions of news, bias incidents or hate speech and hate crimes, often followed by information as to whom readers may contact to influence resolution of an issue.[18] CAIR also held its firstvoter registration drive in 1996; CAIR continues to encourage active political participation by American Muslims, for them to address political candidates and elected representatives with greater frequency.[19]

In 1996, CAIR published a reportThe Usual Suspects regarding its perception of anti-Muslim rhetoric in the media after the crash ofTWA Flight 800. Their research showed 138 uses of the terms "Muslim" and "Arab" in the 48 hours after the crash inReuters,UPI, andAP articles covering the incident. The officialNTSB report said that the crash was most likely caused by mechanical failure.[20]

In 1997, CAIR objected to the production of sneakers made byNike with a design on the heel similar to the Arabic word for "Allah".[21] As part of an agreement reached between CAIR officials and Nike representatives, Nike apologized to the Muslim community, recalled the products carrying the design, launched an investigation as to how the logo came about, and built a number of children's playgrounds near some Islamic centers in America.[22]

In 1997, asdepictions of Muhammad are seen asblasphemous by some Muslims, CAIR wrote to United States Supreme Court Chief JusticeWilliam Rehnquist requesting that the sculpted representation ofMuhammad on the north frieze inside the Supreme Court building be removed or sanded down. The court rejected CAIR's request.[23][24]

Post-9/11 (2001–2006)

[edit]

In October 2001, CAIR opposed theUnited States invasion of Afghanistan after theSeptember 11 attacks.[25] By January 2002, four months after the attacks, the CAIR said that it had received 1,658 reports of discrimination, profiling, harassment, and physical assaults against persons appearing Arab or Muslim, a threefold increase over the prior year. The reports included beatings, death threats, abusive police practices, and employment and airline-related discrimination."[26]

A CAIR initiative funded in part by a $500,000 donation from Saudi PrinceAl-Waleed bin Talal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud sent a set of 18 books and tapes to public libraries written by Muslim and non-Muslim authors on Islamic history and practices, as well as an English translation of theQuran.[27]

In 2005, CAIR coordinated the joint release of afatwa by 344 American Muslim organizations, mosques, and imams nationwide that stated: "Islam strictly condemns religious extremism and the use of violence against innocent lives. There is no justification in Islam for extremism or terrorism. Targeting civilians' life and property throughsuicide bombings or any other method of attack isharam or forbidden—and those who commit these barbaric acts are criminals, notmartyrs." The fatwa cited passages from the Quran and hadith that prohibit violence against innocent people and injustice, and was signed by theFiqh Council of North America. Authors Kim Ezra Shienbaum and Jamal Hasan felt it did not go far enough in that it did not address attacks on military targets.[28]

Also in 2005, following theQur'an desecration controversy of 2005 at theGuantanamo Bay detention camp, CAIR initiated an "Explore the Quran" campaign, aimed at providing free copies of the Quran to any person who requested it.[29]

In June 2006, CAIR announced a $50 million project to create a better understanding of Islam and Muslims in the US. ($10 million per year for five years), in a project to be spearheaded byPaul Findley, a former US Congressman.[30]

Also in 2006, CAIR sent a group of representatives to Iraq to urge kidnappers to release American journalistJill Carroll.[31] Carroll was eventually released unharmed.[32]

In December 2006, California SenatorBarbara Boxer withdrew a "certificate of accomplishment" originally given to former CAIR officialBasim Elkarra after Boxer's staff looked into CAIR, and she became concerned about some of CAIR's past statements and actions, and statements by some law enforcement officials that it provides aid to international terrorist groups.[27][33]

Holy Land Foundation case (2007)

[edit]

In 2007, CAIR was named, along with 245 others, by U.S. Federal prosecutors in a list ofunindicted co-conspirators or joint venturers in aHamas funding case involving theHoly Land Foundation,[34] which in 2009, caused theFBI to cease working with CAIR outside of criminal investigations due to its designation.[35] CAIR was never charged with any crime, and it complained that the designation had tarnished its reputation.[36]

Specifically, in May 2007, the U.S. filed an action against the Holy Land Foundation (the largest Muslim charity in the United States at the time[37]) for providing funds to Hamas, and federal prosecutors filed pleadings. Along with 245 other organizations, the prosecutors publicly listed CAIR (and its chairman emeritus,Omar Ahmad),[38]Islamic Society of North America (largest Muslim umbrella organization in the United States),Muslim American Society andNorth American Islamic Trust as unindicted co-conspirators or joint venturers, a legal designation that prosecutors can employ for a variety of reasons including grants ofimmunity, pragmatic considerations, and evidentiary concerns. While being listed as co-conspirator does not mean that CAIR has been charged with any crime, the organization was concerned that the label will forever taint it.[39]

On October 22, 2007, the Holy Land Foundation trial ended in a mistrial.[37] All defendants were convicted upon retrial in 2008.[40]

In 2008, the FBI discontinued its long-standing relationship with CAIR. Officials said the decision followed the conviction of the HLF directors for funneling millions of dollars toHamas, revelations that Nihal Awad had participated in planning meetings with HLF, and CAIR's failure to provide details of its ties to Hamas.[41][42] During a 2008 retrial of the HLF case, FBI Special Agent Lara Burns labeled CAIR "afront group for Hamas".[43] In January 2009, the FBI's DC office instructed all field offices to cut ties with CAIR, as the ban extended into the Obama administration.[44]

U.S. CongressmenSue Myrick (R-N.C.),Trent Franks (R-Ariz.),John Shadegg (R-Ariz.), andPaul Broun (R-Ga.) wroteAttorney GeneralEric Holder on October 21, 2009, that they were concerned about CAIR's relationships with terrorist groups, and requesting that theDepartment of Justice (DOJ) provide a summary of DOJ's evidence and findings that led DOJ to name CAIR an unindicted co-conspirator in the Holy Land Foundation terrorism trial.[45] The four Congressmen also wroteHouse of Representatives Sergeant at ArmsWilson Livingood a letter the same day asking that he work with members of the HouseJudiciary,Homeland Security, andIntelligence Committees to determine if CAIR was successful in placing interns in the committees' offices, to review FBI and DOJ evidence regarding CAIR's Hamas ties, and to determine whether CAIR is a security threat.[citation needed] CongresswomanLoretta Sanchez (D-Calif.), "appalled", said "I urge the rest of my colleagues to join me in denouncing thiswitch hunt."[46][47] She was echoed byKeith Ellison (D-Minn.), the first Muslim elected to the U.S. Congress, in a speech that included a statement by the House's Tri-Caucus.[48][49] The four Republican Congressmen, joined by SenatorTom Coburn (R-Okla.) and CongressmanPatrick McHenry (R-N.C.), then wroteIRS CommissionerDouglas H. Shulman on November 16, 2009, asking that CAIR be investigated for "excessive lobbying".[50] CAIR spokesman Ibrahim Hooper welcomed the scrutiny from Republican lawmakers, and said, "We've always stayed within our legal limits [for lobbying]. If anything, we don't have enough staff to lobby as much as we legally can."[45]

In 2009, CAIR and two other organizations requested a federal judge toexpunge the designation of their organizations as unindicted co-conspirators.[51][52] The judge ruled that the federal prosecutors should have filed the list of unindicted co-conspiratorsunder seal, and the organizations'due process rights under theFifth Amendment were violated by the public naming, but did not expunge the designation.[36][53][52]

2009 to present

[edit]

CAIR condemned theFort Hood shooting in 2009 and expressed prayers for the victims and condolences for their families.[54]

CAIR pointed to an arrest of five men in Pakistan on December 10, 2009, as a "success story"[55] between Muslims and Muslim community organizations (like CAIR) and American law enforcement authorities. When the five men leftWashington forKarachi on November 28, the families of the men discovered an extremist videotape.[55] Worried, they contacted CAIR, which set up a meeting with the FBI on December 1, and the families shared their sons' computers and electronic devices with FBI agents.[55] A U.S. law enforcement official described them as models of cooperation. CAIR hoped the event would ease "strained" relations of American Muslims with the FBI.[55]

In January 2012, CAIR'sMichigan chapter took a stance along with theAmerican-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in defending four Muslim high school football players accused of attacking a quarterback during a game. The players were allegedly targeted for criminal prosecution over the attack because of their ethnic origin.[56] A judge later dropped the charges after deciding they had no merit.[57]

CAIR has opposed proposed United States legislation and executive orders which would have designated theMuslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization, saying that such a designation would "inevitably be used in a political campaign to attack those same groups and individuals, to marginalize the American Muslim community and to demonize Islam".[58]

In 2021 the director of the San Francisco branch of CAIR, Zahra Billoo, gave a speech in which she denounced atwo-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and stated that "We need to pay attention" to theADL andHillel, "because just because they are your friends today, doesn't mean that they have your back when it comes to human rights." Later on in her speech, Billoo told the audience to "know your enemies".[59] Her remarks promptedJonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the ADL, to accuse Billoo of promotingwhite supremacist rhetoric. On December 11, CAIR responded by defending Billoo's remarks.[60][61]

Projects and media

[edit]

Local CAIR chapters such as the Michigan chapter organized a "Remember Through Service" campaign which was a video and billboard media campaign which featured positive representations of Muslim-Americans including a Muslim first responder during the September 11 World Trade Center events.[62]

Litigation

[edit]

Workplace discrimination

[edit]

One of the largest categories of cases CAIR deals with is workplace discrimination.[63] CAIR has filed successful civil rights litigation on behalf of Muslim Americans who suffered employment discrimination due to their religion, including police officers[64][65][66][67] and hospital workers.[68] CAIR also filed an amicus brief[69] on behalf of the plaintiff to theSupreme Court of the United States forEqual Employment Opportunity Commission v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, in which the Court ruled 8–1 that refusing to hire a woman because she may wear her hijab at the workplace amounts to religious discrimination in hiring.[70][71][72]

Local government

[edit]

In 2012, after the City Council inSt. Anthony, Minnesota, voted 4–1 to reject a building plan for the Abu-Huraira Islamic Center,[73] CAIR began legal proceedings and urged the federal government to investigate the city for violating theReligious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act.[74] In 2014, the city agreed to a settlement after a federal lawsuit was opened against them, allowing the Abu-Huraira Islamic Center to begin services.[75] CAIR also helped the American Islamic Center (AIC) file a complaint against the city ofDes Plaines, Illinois, to the US Department of Justice after the city refused to allow the AIC to operate its place of worship. After a federal suit was filed, the city agreed to pay $580,000 to the AIC in a settlement agreement.[76][77]

In 2012, CAIR successfully filed suit striking downState Question 755, aban on Sharia law inOklahoma on grounds that it violated theFirst Amendment right tofree exercise of religion[78][79]

In 2017, CAIR secured an $85,000 settlement for Kirsty Powell, whose hijab was forcibly removed by police while in custody.[80][81][82]

Federal government

[edit]

CAIR has been involved in legal action against the US Government on several occasions. In 2003, CAIR along with the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee filed suit inMuslim Community Association of Ann Arbor v. Ashcroft, which challenged the constitutionality of theUSA PATRIOT Act.[83][84] The case forced Congress to make substantial changes to Section 215 of the act, which helped it avoid being in violation of the First Amendment and had the effect of resolving the lawsuit.[85] CAIR also filed amicus briefs against US PresidentDonald Trump overExecutive Order 13769[86] andExecutive Order 13780,[87][88] which banned all travellers and temporary visa holders of 7 Muslim-majority countries, as well as all refugees, from entering the United States. CAIR began maintaining a group of immigration lawyers in Chicago O'Hare airport after Executive Order 13769 went into effect[89] and caused the immediate revocation of over 100,000 temporary visas.[90]

CAIR litigated on behalf ofGulet Mohamed, a 19-year-oldVirginia teenager who was kidnapped and tortured inKuwait after the FBI placed him on ano-fly list.[91][92] CAIR argued successfully that the teen's placement on the US no-fly list was "patently unconstitutional" and that Mohamed had a constitutional right to come home.[93]

Muslim Mafia lawsuit

[edit]

The 2009 bookMuslim Mafia: Inside the Secret Underworld That's Conspiring to Islamize America by Paul David Gaubatz andPaul Sperry portrays CAIR "as a subversive organization allied with international terrorists".[94][95]

Consequently, CAIR brought a federal civil lawsuit in 2009 against Dave Gaubatz and his son for allegedly stealing documents, which were used in the making of Gaubatz's book.[96][97][98][99] U.S. District JudgeColleen Kollar-Kotelly concluded that the Gaubatzs "unlawfully obtained access to, and have already caused repeatedpublic disclosure of, material containing CAIR's proprietary, confidential andprivileged information," which CAIR says included names, addresses, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses of CAIR employees and donors. As a result, the judge ordered Gaubatz to remove certain documents from his website. Judge Kollar-Kotelly also said that CAIR's employees have reported a dramatic increase in the number of threatening communications since the release of Gaubatz's book.[95]

Operations

[edit]

CAIR's literature describes the group as promoting understanding of Islam and protecting Muslim civil liberties. It has intervened on behalf of many American Muslims who claim discrimination, profiling, or harassment.[100][101][102]

Concerns and incidents

[edit]

Anti Zionism

[edit]

Organisations like the ADL argue that CAIR leaders use antisemitic rhetoric, and frequently equivocate between Zionists, Israelis, and Jews. Zahra Billoo, Executive Director of CAIR’s San Francisco Bay Area chapter, has referred to “Zionists” as the enemies of Muslims and advised the Muslim community to be wary of “Zionist synagogues.” Similarly, CAIR’s national executive director, Nihad Awad, has labeled “Zionist organizations” as enemies of the Muslim community, asserting that they form the backbone of the Islamophobia network in the United States. He has also claimed that Zionist groups have corrupted the U.S. government, and denied the legitimacy of Israel’s existence.[103] He also stated that he had been happy that Hamas attacked Israel and claimed that Hamas had "broken the siege" against Israel.[104]

In October 2025 US RepresentativeElise Stefanik of New York and SenatorTom Cotton of Arkansas asked the US Treasury SecretaryScott Bessent to investigate CAIR to determine if it has financial links to Hamas which would be a violation of US sanctions on Hamas.[104][105] Earlier Cotton, chairman of theSenate Republican Conference, had urged the IRS to investigate CAIR’s tax-exempt status.[106] CAIR responded in a letter that the request was “baseless”.[107]

Gender bias

[edit]

A Florida CAIR chapter has been accused of ignoring misconduct involving its leaders.[108]NPR reported: "When concerned parties brought [gender bias] allegations to senior CAIR officials in Washington, D.C., and Florida, former employees said, there was little, if any, follow-up action. They said leaders were aware of some of the allegations as early as 2016."[109] NPR "interviewed 18 former employees at the national office and several prominent chapters who said there was a general lack of accountability when it came to perceived gender bias, religious bias or mismanagement".[109]

Labor organizing

[edit]

NPR's investigation reported that CAIR "thwart[ed] employees' efforts to unionize in the national office in 2016".[109] "Service Employees International Union Local 500 said in filings Wednesday that the Council on American-Islamic Relations was trying to bust its effort to organize the civil rights group's staff. CAIR responded with a statement Thursday calling the charge 'meritless'."[110]

Designation as terrorist organization

[edit]

By the UAE

[edit]

In November 2014, CAIR was designated a terrorist organization by theUnited Arab Emirates,[111] which claimed that the organization has ties to the Muslim Brotherhood.[112][113][114][115][116]

CAIR called the move "shocking and bizarre", and some international American terrorism analysts were also critical.The Washington Post wrote: "CAIR and the Muslim American Society are not alone in their shock. Diverse groups across Europe were also added to the list, leaving many observers perplexed at the scope and sheer scale of the list. Norway's foreign ministry publicly requested an explanation as to why one of the country's largest Islamic groups, theIslamic Organization, was included, and the U.S. State Department said they would be seeking more information from the U.A.E."[112] In January 2015, CAIR said it would seek to appeal the designation in the UAE.[117][118] CAIR has criticized UAE for targeting and detaining American Muslims, such as the civil rights attorney and human rights activist Asim Ghafoor, the former attorney ofJamal Khashoggi, theWashington Post journalistassassinated by agents of the Saudi government in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.[119] Ghafoor helped establish the organizationDemocracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN), which has focused part of its work on human rights violations in the UAE. CAIR has claimed that, "The real reason the UAE targeted Ghafoor became even clearer when Emirati media outlets began publishing unhinged, Islamophobic hit-pieces slandering him as a “terrorist” for his pro-democracy work with DAWN and other groups."[119] It also argued that, "the UAE’s history targeting American Muslims" is part of a effort to spread authoritarianism in the Middle East.[119]

UAE Minister of State for Foreign AffairsAnwar Gargash rejected criticism of the designation, saying that "The noise (by) some Western organizations over the UAE's terrorism list originates in groups that are linked to the Muslim Brotherhood and many of them work on incitement and creating an environment of extremism."[120]

In the US

[edit]

On November 18, 2025, Texas GovernorGreg Abbott had officially declared the organization as aforeign terrorist organization. This includes also the Muslim Brotherhood, and stating that CAIR has direct ties toHamas. Following this act, the organization will not be able to acquire land in Texas.[121] The United States government has not listed CAIR as a terrorist organization.[122][123]

LGBT rights

[edit]

In 2016, in the wake of thePulse nightclub shooting, CAIR representatives met with LGBT leaders to condemn the attack, gather in solidarity, and voice their support for LGBT rights.[124] CAIR Sacramento director Basim Elkarra also released a statement offering “support and allyship to the LGBTQ community, which has been a faithful ally against Islamophobia.”[125] CAIR director Nihad Awad also voiced his support, saying that American “Muslims stand united” with the LGBT community.[126]

In Michigan, CAIR voiced concerns over an amendment to theElliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act, advocating that the amendment's LGBT rights provisions include faith protections.[127][128]

CAIR and several other Muslim organizations have opposed mandatory “sexually-themed lessons” inMontgomery County, Maryland. These lessons include LGBT-inclusive content. CAIR issued a statement saying parents should be notified in advance so their children can opt-out of “sexually-themed content.” CAIR released a statement saying that “Schools should respect their authority by restoring the option to opt their children out of reading sexually-themed content or participating in sexually-themed lessons and discussions, without any adverse consequences.[129][130]

Reception

[edit]

Praise

[edit]

U.S. SenatorBarbara Boxer's 2006 decision to withdraw a "certificate of accomplishment" originally given to former CAIR official Basim Elkarra on grounds of suspicions about the organization's background "provoked an outcry from organizations that vouch for the group's advocacy, including the ACLU and the California Council of Churches."[131]Maya Harris, executive director of the ACLU of Northern California, criticized Senator Boxer's decision and added that CAIR has "been a leading organization that has advocated for civil rights and civil liberties in the face of fear and intolerance, in the face of religious andethnic profiling."[131]

Pulitzer Prize-winning journalistNicholas Kristof advocated for people to support and sign up as members of CAIR in response to the2016 election of US President Donald Trump.[132]

In 2016, theUniversity of Saint Thomas named the Minnesota branch of CAIR as the winner of its Winds of Change Award at its Forum on Workplace Inclusion.[133]

TheSeattle chapter of theLeague of Women Voters awarded the Washington branch of CAIR one of its 2015 Champion of Voting and Civil Rights Awards, praising "their work encouraging voting and community involvement by members of the Muslim American community".[134]

Criticism

[edit]

December 2023, the Biden administration cut off contact with CAIR after its executive director stated he was "happy to see" Palestinians breakIsrael's siege on the Gaza Strip on October 7.[135] Awad also stated that Palestinians "have the right to self-defense" but that Israel "as an occupying power" does not.[136] According to a CAIR press release, during his speech, Awad had also stated that, "The hatred, the prejudice, the violence, the discrimination against Jews because of their faith or their life or their religious practices is a hateful mindset, behavior and action. We as human beings, as Muslims, as Palestinians, see it as evil the way it is, and [it] should be condemned becauseantisemitism is a real phenomenon, a real evil, and it has to be rejected and combated by all people regardless of their faith tradition, ideology, or those people who have no ideology. It is an attack on humanity and should be clearly condemned by all people."[137]

In response to the criticism from the Biden administration, Awad released a statement and held a press conference in which he reiterated his opposition to and condemnation of all attacks on civilians, including theOctober 7 Hamas attack on Israel, claiming that this original remarks were taken out of context. He stated that, “Ukrainians, Palestinians and other occupied people have the right to defend themselves and escape occupation by just and legal means, but targeting civilians is never an acceptable means of doing so, which is why I have again and again condemned the violence against Israeli civilians on Oct. 7th and past Hamas attacks on Israeli civilians, including suicide bombings, all the way back to the 1990s—just as I have condemned the decades of violence against Palestinian civilians. “The average Palestinians who briefly walked out of Gaza and set foot on their ethnically cleansed land in a symbolic act of defiance against the blockade and stopped there without engaging in violence were within their rights under international law; the extremists who went on to attack civilians in southern Israel were not. Targeting civilians is unacceptable, no matter whether they are Israeli or Palestinian or any other nationality.”[137][138]

Critics of CAIR have accused it of pursuing anIslamist agenda.[131][139] CAIR denies these allegations.[140]Zuhdi Jasser, a physician and Republican politician in Arizona, has criticized CAIR and argued that its agenda is focused on "victimization".[141] Prominent figure of theNew Atheist movement and vocal critic of Islam,[142]Sam Harris, criticized CAIR by saying the organization is "an Islamist public relations firm posing as a civil-rights lobby".[143]

Some Muslims have criticized CAIR for taking aconservative religious approach on some issues. These critics claim that past statements by the organization, such as the claim that the headscarf is a religious requirement for Muslim women, often follow conservative Saudi religious doctrine and do not capture diverse religious perspectives.[131] The claim that the headscarf is religious obligation upon Muslim women has been criticized by some Muslim scholars and academics, includingKhaled Abou El Fadl.[144][145][146]

Funding

[edit]

CAIR has an annual budget of around $3 million (as of 2007).[131] It states that while the majority of its funding comes from American Muslims, it accepts donations from individuals of any faith and also foreigners.[147] In the past CAIR has accepted donations from individuals and foundations close to Arab governments.[131] Within CAIR there is debate regarding foreign funding, and several CAIR branches have criticized the national office for accepting foreign donations.[131]

In April 2011, Rep.Frank Wolf, R-Va. cited a 2009 letter sent from CAIR's executive director, Nihad Awad, toMuammar Gaddafi asking Gaddafi for funding for a project called the Muslim Peace Foundation at a U.S. House of Representatives Appropriations sub-committee hearing.[148]Steven Emerson called the funding request "hypocritical",[149] while CAIR spokesman, Ibrahim Hooper, said that the Muslim Peace Foundation was Awad's personal initiative "unrelated to CAIR", that CAIR didn't receive any money from the Libyan government, and also that CAIR was one of the first American organizations to call for a no-fly zone to protect Libyan citizens from Gaddafi during the2011 Libyan Civil War.[149]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) on the C-SPAN Networks.org websiteArchived October 30, 2020, at theWayback Machine Retrieved October 10, 2020
  2. ^abRelations, Council on American-Islamic."CAIR: 280 Delegates Lobby Congress on 'Historic' First National Muslim Advocacy Day" (Press release).Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. RetrievedOctober 20, 2015.
  3. ^Oliver Ortega (February 2, 2017)."What You Can Do: Council on American-Islamic Relations".The Progressive (magazine).Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. RetrievedOctober 10, 2020.
  4. ^"Staff". CAIR-NY. 2022.Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. RetrievedNovember 20, 2023.
  5. ^"Civil Rights Organizations — The Civil Rights Project at UCLA".The Civil Rights Project (UCLA) website.Archived from the original on August 4, 2017. RetrievedNovember 28, 2016.
  6. ^Du, Susan."Mystery letter to civil rights group threatens eradication of Islam – City Pages".City Pages.Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. RetrievedNovember 28, 2016.
  7. ^Aoude, Safia."Islam Matters – How the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR) promotes the legitimacy of American Muslims".University of Copenhagen – via Academia.edu.
  8. ^abcThe North American Muslim resource guide: Muslim community life in the United States and CanadaArchived September 17, 2023, at theWayback Machine. Mohamed Nimer, Taylor & Francis, 2002,ISBN 978-0-415-93728-3.
  9. ^Shaheen, Jack, "Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People", 2001,ISBN 1-56656-388-7, Olive Branch Press
  10. ^"News, July 2000"Archived November 12, 2010, at theWayback Machine. Islamic Voice. Retrieved on March 19, 2011.
  11. ^Noakes, Greg. "CAIR Counters Anti-Islam Card". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs November/December 1994: 62–64
  12. ^Muslim minorities in the West: visible and invisibleArchived September 17, 2023, at theWayback Machine. Hadda, Yazbeck, and Smith, Jane I. p. 35, Rowman Altamira, 2002,ISBN 0-7591-0218-X, 9780759102187, accessed November 30, 2009.
  13. ^Kayyali, Randa A. (January 1, 2006).The Arab Americans. Greenwood Publishing Group.ISBN 9780313332197 – via Google Books.
  14. ^Yazbeck Haddad, Yvonne; Smith, Jane I.; Moore, Kathleen M. (2006).Muslim women in America: the challenge of Islamic identity today. US:Oxford University Press. p. 40.ISBN 978-0-19-517783-1. RetrievedNovember 20, 2009.cair Council on American-Islamic Relations.
  15. ^"Arab-Americans Suffer Hatred after Bombing",Chicago Sun-Times, May 13, 1995
  16. ^Richard Roper (April 24, 1995)."Media Stumble Badly in Rush to Judgment".Chicago Sun-Times.(subscription required)
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  18. ^Smith, Jane.Islam in America. New York.Columbia University Press, 1999.
  19. ^Wilgoren, Debbi. "Making Muslim Voices Heard: To Promote the Vote, Leaders Provide Answers and Forms".The Washington Post. September 14, 1996: B01.
  20. ^The North American Muslim resource guide: Muslim community life in the United States and CanadaArchived September 17, 2023, at theWayback Machine. Mohamed Nimer, p. 134, Taylor & Francis, 2002,ISBN 978-0-415-93728-3. Accessed December 9, 2009.
  21. ^"Nike Recalls Disputed Logo"Archived May 10, 2024, at theWayback Machine The Cincinnati Enquirer, June 25, 1997. Accessed October 24, 2011
  22. ^Nike and Islamic group end logo logjamArchived November 12, 2011, at theWayback Machine. Mohamed Nimer, p. 134, Taylor & Francis, 2002,ISBN 978-0-415-93728-3. Accessed December 9, 2009.
  23. ^Supreme Court Frieze Brings ObjectionArchived September 4, 2017, at theWayback Machine March 8, 1997.
  24. ^How the "ban" on images of Muhammad came to beArchived February 19, 2017, at theWayback Machine January 19, 2015.
  25. ^Frum, David; Perle, Richard (2004).An end to evil: how to win the war on terror. Random House.ISBN 978-0-345-47717-0.Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. RetrievedOctober 11, 2020.
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