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Cosmas I of Constantinople

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Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1075 to 1081

Saint Cosmas I of Constantinople
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Church	Church of Constantinople
In office	2 August 1075 – 8 May 1081
Predecessor	John VIII of Constantinople
Successor	Eustratius II of Constantinople
Personal details
Born	Antioch
Died	c. 1082
Denomination	Eastern Orthodoxy

Cosmas I of Constantinople (Greek:Κοσμᾶς Α΄; diedc. 1082), also referred to as Cosmas the Jerusalemite in Greek (Κοσμάς Ιεροσολυμίτης) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 2 August 1075 to 8 May 1081.

Biography

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Originally fromAntioch, Cosmas was educated and resided inJerusalem for a large part of his life, earning his geographic epithet. He may have been appointed to the patriarchate out of a monastery near or in Jerusalem.^[1]

He crowned the Byzantine EmperorNikephoros III Botaneiates. He disapproved of Nikephoros' marriage to the ex-wife of the previous EmperorMichael VII Doukas but took no further action than degrading the priest who performed the service.^[2] Later he used his influence to try to convince him to resign as his popularity declined and the empire entered a period of instability.

Cosmas I likewise crowned by EmperorAlexios I Komnenos in 1081. When Alexios I attempted to repudiate his wifeIrene Doukaina to marry the ex-empressMaria of Alania, Cosmas I successfully blocked the move as she had already been twice married. Cosmas I resigned or was forced out soon after, as Alexios I's mother,Anna Dalassene, disliked Irene's link to theDoukas family and resented this interference.^[3] She further pressed for the resignation as she wished to place her favourite on the patriarchal throne, which she achieved with the appointment of the ill-educatedEustratius Garidas.^[4] According toAnna Komnene, Cosmas I resigned voluntarily on the condition that he be allowed to crown Irene Doukaina empress first, which he did and then left.^[5]

The most important synodal action taken by Cosmas I was the condemnation, in 1076–1077, of certain heretical views taken byJohn Italus, a scholar connected to the Doukas family.^[6] In a more general sense, Cosmas I's retirement is said to mark a period where, between Alexios I and the emperorManuel I Komnenos, the Church was moved to a position of dependence on, identification with, and subservience to the state, reversing the greater self-determination the Church had exercised through the eleventh century.^[7] The historianJohn Skylitzes (continuatus) speaks poorly of Cosmas I, suggesting that the emperor selected him for his lack of greatness, writing that after the death of the previous patriarch,Michael I of Constantinople "chose another, not from those of the senate, nor from those of theGreat Church, nor any other of the Byzantines famed for word and deed, but a certain monk Cosmas I sprung from the Holy City, and honoured by the Emperor [...] although he was without wisdom or taste [...]".^[8]

He was proclaimed a saint by the Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 2 January (new calendar).

Notes and references

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^Buckler, p. 290, note 5.
^Joan M. Hussey, p. 140.
^Hussey, p. 140.
^Magdalino, p. 268.
^Hussey, p. 140.
^Hussey, p. 140.
^Paul Magdalino, p. 303.
^Buckler, p. 290, note 5.

Bibliography

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Buckler, Georgina;Anna Komnena - A Study,Oxford University Press, 1929.
Joan M. Hussey,The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire,Oxford University Press, 1986.
Paul Magdalino,The Empire of Manuel Komnenos,Cambridge University Press, 1993.
John Julius Norwich, "Byzantium - The Decline and Fall", New York,Alfred A. Knopf, 1996, p. 7.

Eastern Orthodox Church titles
Preceded by John VIII	Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1075 – 1081	Succeeded by Eustratius II

v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs ofConstantinople
Bishops ofByzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops ofConstantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile atNicaea Christianity portal

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