Cooperativeness is apersonality trait that concerns how much a person is generally agreeable in their relations with other people as opposed to aggressively self-centered and hostile.[1]
It is one of the "character" dimensions inCloninger'sTemperament and Character Inventory. Cloninger described it as relating to individual differences in how much people identify with and accept others. Cloninger's research found that low cooperativeness is associated with all categories ofpersonality disorder. Cooperativeness is conceptually similar to and strongly correlated withagreeableness in thefive factor model of personality.[2]
Cloninger described cooperative individuals as socially tolerant, empathic, helpful, and compassionate, as opposed to intolerant, callous, unhelpful, and vengeful. He compared cooperativeness toCarl Rogers' description of facilitative people who show unconditional acceptance of others, empathy with others' feelings, and willingness to help without a desire for selfish domination. Cloninger regarded high cooperativeness as a sign of psychological maturity and of advanced moral development as described byKohlberg.[1]
Cooperativeness is assessed with five subscales in the Temperament and Character Inventory:[1]
Cooperativeness is similar in content to and strongly correlated with agreeableness in the Big five personality model.[2] It is inversely correlated with Aggression-Hostility andpsychoticism in Zuckerman'sAlternative five model and theEysenck Personality Questionnaire respectively.[3]
Researchers suggested that a combination of lowself-directedness and low cooperativeness form a general factor common to allpersonality disorders.[4] The specific combination of low self-directedness, low cooperativeness, and highself-transcendence has been described as a "schizotypal personality" style by Cloninger and colleagues,[4] and has been found to be associated with high levels ofschizotypy (proneness to psychotic symptoms).[5]
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