| Constitution Gardens | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The pond at the center of Constitution Gardens | |
 Interactive map of Constitution Gardens | |
| Location | Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′28.14″N77°2′35.052″W / 38.8911500°N 77.04307000°W /38.8911500; -77.04307000 |
| Public transit access |     Foggy Bottom-GWU &Farragut West |
Constitution Gardens is a park area in Washington, D.C., United States, located within the boundaries of theNational Mall.[1] The 50-acre (200,000 m2) park is bounded on the west by theVietnam Veterans Memorial, on the east by 17th St NW, on the north byConstitution Avenue, and on the south by theReflecting Pool.
Constitution Gardens has a small pond, which contains theMemorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence on an island open to pedestrians.
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The land that became Constitution Gardens was originally submerged beneath thePotomac River and was dredged at the beginning of the 20th century by theArmy Corps of Engineers. TheU.S. Navy built theMain Navy and Munitions Buildings as temporary offices on the land duringWorld War I. The buildings were demolished in 1970 due in part to lobbying by PresidentRichard Nixon, who had served in the offices as a navy officer. President Nixon subsequently ordered that a park be established on the land, and in 1976, Constitution Gardens was finally dedicated as a "living legacyAmerican RevolutionBicentennial tribute." It has been a separate park unit in theNational Park Service since 1982, administered under the National Capitol Parks-Central (NACC).
In July 1982, theMemorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence was dedicated on the small island in the lake. On November 13 of the same year, theVietnam Veterans Memorial Wall was also dedicated within Constitution Gardens.
On September 17, 1986, PresidentRonald Reagan formally proclaimed the park a "living legacy tribute" to theUnited States Constitution, in honor of the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution one year later.
From March 17 to March 19, 2003, Constitution Gardens was the site of a bizarre standoff between federal police and a disgruntled tobacco farmer,Dwight Watson. Watson drove his tractor into the center of the pond and claimed to have explosives, prompting the evacuation of the area and holding theFBI andU.S. Park Police at bay for 48 hours before he surrendered. During the standoff, Watson dug up part of the island and damaged aretaining wall (for which he received a conviction for destroying federal property) but apparently did not harm any of the monuments. No explosives were found.
As home to famous monuments, Constitution Gardens continues to have millions of visitors every year. It is also the site of an annualnaturalization ceremony for new U.S. citizens hosted by theNational Park Service.
In a series of plans and designs, architecture firmSkidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM) and Modern landscape architectDan Kiley completed Constitution Gardens in 1976 as a picturesque restful park with a small lake, which would contrast with the "formalism of the Grand Axis." Meandering paths would traverse meadows shaded by tree canopy. Construction budgets were reduced from $14 million to $6.7 million.[2]
In 1984, theMemorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence was completed and placed on an island in Constitution Gardens Lake. It was designed byEDAW, with Joe Brown, FASLA, as the principal landscape architect. The low-key design features a granite semi-circle with gold signatures of theFounding Fathers, organized by the original thirteen states.[2]
A 2011–12 national design competition was sponsored by the Trust for the National Mall to select a design team for the redesign of three sites: Constitution Gardens, the Sylvan Theater, and Union Square.[2] After an intense and highly publicized competition, the Trust for the National Mall has announced the three winning teams selected to redesign the neglected sites of "America's front yard". As reported byThe Washington Post, Rogers Marvel Architects andPWP Landscape Architecture will redesign Constitution Gardens east of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.[3] PWP Landscape Architecture will transform the lake into a critical piece of water infrastructure that reduces the damaging impacts of stormwater while creating a source of water for reuse in irrigation and toilets.
As of May 2024, efforts are underway to kick-start the revitalization effort aimed at restoring the role of Constitution Gardens as a prominent urban oasis and biodiversity hotspot. Led byPWP Landscape Architecture and Rogers Partners Architects, the approved three-phase plan seeks to reintroduce a natural ecological landscape.[4] Phase two, recently approved by theCommission of Fine Arts andNational Capital Planning Commission, focuses on redesigning a 6.75-acre lake and creating 2.5 acres of meadows and woodlands. This transformation aims to replace the current concrete-lined lake with a thriving, sustainable habitat, integrating modern ecological principles with the historic design concepts envisioned by Dan Kiley and SOM in theMcMillan Plan.[5]
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