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Constituent Assembly Assemblea Costituente | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Established | 25 June 1946 |
| Disbanded | 31 January 1948 |
| Preceded by | Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy |
| Succeeded by | Parliament of the Italian Republic |
| Leadership | |
President of the Assembly (1946–1947) | |
President of the Assembly (1947–1948) | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 556 |
 | |
Political groups | |
| Elections | |
| Proportional representation | |
Last election | 2 and 3 June 1946 |
| Meeting place | |
| Palazzo Montecitorio,Rome | |
TheItalian Constituent Assembly (Italian:Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana) was a parliamentary chamber which existed inItaly from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948. It was tasked with writing a constitution for theItalian Republic, which had replaced theKingdom of Italy after the1946 Italian institutional referendum.
The assembly was formed by the representatives of all theanti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during theliberation of Italy.[1]
On 2 June 1946 the first free election since1924, was held in Italy. The vote was allowed to all over 21, females being allowed to vote for the first time. Voters received both aballot for the choice between Republic or Monarchy, and one for the election of the deputies of the new Constituent Assembly; the latter would have the task to write a new constitutional chart, as established by a decree of 16 March 1946.
Thereferendum was won by a move to a Republic with some 12.7 million votes, against 10.7 million favouring to continue being a monarchy.Umberto II, the last king of the country, left Italy on 13 June 1946. On 18 June 1946 theCorte di Cassazione proclaimed officially the victory of the Republic.
The election of the Constituent Assembly was based on a proportional system, based on 32 electoral regions. 573 deputies were to be elected, although the elections could not be held inSouth Tyrol,Trieste,Gorizia,Pola,Fiume andZara, which were then under Allied or Yugoslav military control. Thus, 556 deputies were elected.
On 25 June 1946 the assembly was established, withGiuseppe Saragat (future president of the Republic) as president. Its first act, on 28 June, was the election ofEnrico De Nicola as the Italian Republic's provisional president. On 504 voters, De Nicola (a member of theItalian Liberal Party) obtained 396 votes, followed byCipriano Facchinetti (Italian Republican Party) with 40, Ottavia Penna Buscemi (Common Man's Front) with 32,Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (liberal) with 12,Carlo Sforza (PRI) with 2,Alcide De Gasperi and Alfredo Proja (both fromChristian Democracy, or DC) with 2. Aside from the creation of the new constitution, the assembly was entrusted the approval of governments and oftheir budgets, and the ratification of the international treaties. The legislative function was formally assigned to the government, but, in virtue of the pre-Fascist tradition, the latter often assigned the emission of laws to the assembly.
The assembly elected among its members a Constitutional Commission of 75 deputies, with the task to write down the constitution's general layout. The commission was further divided into three sub-commissions:
A more restricted committee (informally known as "Committee of the Eighteen") had the task to write the constitution in accordance with the work of the three sub-commissions. The Constitutional Commission ended its work on 12 January 1947 and on 4 March the assembly started its debate about the text. The final text of theConstitution of Italy was approved on 22 December 1947.
The Assembly was dissolved on 31 January 1948, replaced by the newItalian Parliament.
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Tenure (Years and days) | Political Party | Legislature | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Giuseppe Saragat (1898–1988) | 25 June 1946 | 6 February 1947 | 226 days | Italian Socialist Party | Constituent Assembly (1946) | |
 | Umberto Terracini (1895–1983) | 8 February 1947 | 31 January 1948 | 357 days | Italian Communist Party | ||
After the death ofEmilio Colombo on 24 June 2013 at the age of 93, there are no surviving members of the Constituent Assembly.
Teresa Mattei, the last surviving female member of the Constituent Assembly, died on 12 March 2013 at the age of 92.
