Also included are species that have gone extinct since 1500 CE.[3] When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable.
Extinct(EX) – There are no known living individuals
Extinct in the wild(EW) – Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range
Endangered(EN) – Higher risk of extinction in the wild
Vulnerable(VU) – High risk of extinction in the wild
Near Threatened(NT) – Likely to become endangered in the near future
Conservation Dependent(CD) – Low risk; is conserved to prevent being near threatened, certain events may lead it to being a higher risk level
Least concern(LC) – Very low risk; does not qualify for a higher risk category and not likely to be threatened in the near future. Widespread and abundanttaxa are included in this category.
Data deficient(DD) – Not enough data to make an assessment of its risk of extinction
Not evaluated(NE) – Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
NatureServe conservation status focuses onLatin America, the United States, Canada, and theCaribbean. It has been developed by scientists fromNatureServe,The Nature Conservancy, and a network of natural heritage programs and data centers. It is increasingly integrated with the IUCN Red List system. Its categories for species include:presumed extinct (GX),possibly extinct (GH),critically imperiled (G1),imperiled (G2),vulnerable (G3),apparently secure (G4), andsecure (G5).[4] The system also allows ambiguous or uncertain ranks includinginexact numeric ranks (e.g. G2?), andrange ranks (e.g. G2G3) for when the exact rank is uncertain. NatureServe adds a qualifier forcaptive or cultivated only (C), which has a similar meaning to the IUCN Red Listextinct in the wild (EW) status.
In Australia, theEnvironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) describes lists of threatened species, ecological communities and threatening processes. The categories resemble those of the 1994IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria (version 2.3). Prior to the EPBC Act, a simpler classification system was used by theEndangered Species Protection Act 1992. Some state and territory governments also have their own systems for conservation status. The codes for the Western Australian conservation system are given atDeclared Rare and Priority Flora List (abbreviated to DECF when using in a taxobox).
In Canada, theCommittee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) is a group of experts that assesses and designates which wild species are in some danger of disappearing from Canada.[6] Under theSpecies at Risk Act (SARA), it is up to the federal government, which is politically accountable, to legally protect species assessed by COSEWIC.
In China, the State, provinces and some counties have determined their key protected wildlife species. There is the China red data book.
InFinland, many species are protected under the Nature Conservation Act, and through theEU Habitats Directive and EU Birds Directive.[7]
In theNetherlands, the DutchMinistry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality publishes a list of threatened species, and conservation is enforced by the Nature Conservation Act 1998. Species are also protected through the Wild Birds and Habitats Directives.
In New Zealand, theDepartment of Conservation publishes theNew Zealand Threat Classification System lists. As of January 2008[update] threatened species or subspecies are assigned one of seven categories: Nationally Critical, Nationally Endangered, Nationally Vulnerable, Declining, Recovering, Relict, or Naturally Uncommon.[9] While the classification looks only at a national level, many species are unique to New Zealand, and species which are secure overseas are noted as such.
In Russia, theRed Data Book of the Russian Federation came out in 2001, it contains categories defining preservation status for different species. In it there are 8 taxa of amphibians, 21 taxa of reptiles, 128 taxa of birds, and 74 taxa of mammals, in total 231. There are also more than 30 regional red books, for example the red book of the Altaic region which came out in 1994.
InSouth Africa, theSouth African National Biodiversity Institute, established under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004,[10] is responsible for drawing up lists of affected species, and monitoring compliance with CITES decisions. It is envisaged that previously diverse Red lists would be more easily kept current, both technically and financially.
InThailand, the Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act of BE 2535 defines fifteenreserved animal species and two classes of protected species, of which hunting, breeding, possession, and trade are prohibited or restricted by law. The National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department of theMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment is responsible for the regulation of these activities.
InUkraine, the Ministry of Environment Protection maintains list of endangered species (divided into seven categories from "0" - extinct to "VI" - rehabilitated) and publishes it in the Red Book of Ukraine.
Some consumer guides forseafood, such asSeafood Watch, divide fish and other sea creatures into three categories, analogous to conservation status categories:
Red ("say no" or "avoid")
Yellow or orange ("think twice", "good alternatives" or "some concerns")
The categories do not simply reflect the imperilment of individual species, but also consider the environmental impacts of how and where they are fished, such as throughbycatch orocean bottom trawlers. Often groups of species are assessed rather than individual species (e.g.squid,prawns).
^"Cosewic". Government of Canada, Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Archived fromthe original on 2013-05-30. Retrieved2013-07-22..
^Townsend, Andrew J.; de Lange, Peter J.; Duffy, Clinton A.J.; Miskelly, Colin M.; Molloy, Janice; Norton, David A. (January 2008).New Zealand Threat Classification System manual(PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Science & Technical Publishing Department of Conservation.ISBN9780478143645. Retrieved2 February 2018.
