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Congress of the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National legislature of the Philippines
"Legislature of the Philippines" redirects here. For the historical legislature, seePhilippine Legislature. For the current Congress, see20th Congress of the Philippines.

Congress of the Philippines

Kongreso ng Pilipinas (Filipino)
20th Congress of the Philippines
 
Seals of the Senate (left) and of the House of Representatives (right)
Type
Type
HousesSenate
House of Representatives
History
FoundedJune 9, 1945; 80 years ago (1945-06-09)
Preceded byNational Assembly of the Philippines
New session started
July 28, 2025; 3 months ago (2025-07-28)
Leadership
Tito Sotto, NPC
since September 8, 2025
Bojie Dy, PFP
since September 17, 2025
Structure
Seats342 (see list)
24 senators
318 representatives
Senate political groups
Majority (15)

Minority (9)

House of Representatives political groups
Majority (253)

Minority (28)

Independent (5)

Bloc to be determined (32)

Joint committees
Joint committees are chaired by senators
AuthorityArticle VI of theConstitution of the Philippines
Elections
Multiple non-transferable vote
Parallel voting (Party-list proportional representation andfirst-past-the-post)
LastSenate election
May 12, 2025
May 12, 2025
NextSenate election
May 8, 2028
May 8, 2028
Meeting place
TheSenate meets at theGSIS Building, Financial Center,Jose W. Diokno Boulevard,Pasay
TheHouse of Representatives meets at theBatasang Pambansa Complex,Quezon City, which also hostsjoint sessions
Website
econgress.gov.ph

TheCongress of the Philippines (Filipino:Kongreso ng Pilipinas) is thelegislature of the nationalgovernment of the Philippines. It isbicameral, composed of an upper body, theSenate, and a lower body, theHouse of Representatives,[1] although colloquially, the term "Congress" commonlyrefers to just the latter.[i] The Senate meets at theGSIS Building inPasay, while the House of Representatives meets at theBatasang Pambansa inQuezon City, which also hostsjoint sessions.

The Senate is composed of 24 senators[2] half of which are elected every three years. Each senator, therefore, serves a total of six years. The senators are elected at-large and do not represent any geographical district.

In the current20th Congress, there are 317 seats in the House of Representatives. TheConstitution states that the House "shall be composed of not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law", and that at least 20% of it shall be sectoral representatives. There are two types of congressmen: the district andparty-list representatives. At the time of the ratification of the constitution, there were 200 districts, leaving 50 seats for party-list representatives.

The district congressmen represent a particular congressional district of the country. Allprovinces in the country are composed of at least one congressional district. Severalcities also have their own congressional districts, with some having two or more representatives.[1] From 200 districts in 1987, the number of districts have increased to 254 at the beginning of the 20th Congress. Every new Congress has seen an increase in the number of districts.[3]

Theparty-list congressmen represent the minority sectors of the population. This enables these minority groups to be represented in the Congress, when they would otherwise not be represented properly through district representation. Party-list representatives representlabor unions, rights groups, and other organizations.[1] With the increase of districts also means that the seats for party-list representatives increase as well, as the 1:4 ratio has to be respected.

The Constitution provides that Congress shall convene for its regular session every year beginning on the fourth Monday of July. A regular session can last until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session in the succeeding year. Thepresident may, however, callspecial sessions which are usually held between regularlegislative sessions to handle emergencies or urgent matters.[1]

History

[edit]

Spanish colonial period

[edit]
Main article:Cortes of Cádiz

During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, municipal governments, orCabildos were established. One such example was the Cabildo in Manila, established in 1571.[4]

While the Philippines was under colonial rule as part of theSpanish East Indies, the colony had no representation in theSpanish Cortes. Only in 1809, when the colony was made an integral part of Spain, did it gain representation in the Cortes. While colonies such as the Philippines were selecting their delegates, substitutes were named so that the Cortes could convene. The substitutes, and first delegates for the Philippines were Pedro Pérez de Tagle and José Manuel Couto. Neither had any connection to the colony.[5]

By July 1810, Governor General Manuel González de Aguilar received the instruction to hold an election. As only theManila Municipal Council qualified to elect a representative, it was tasked to select a delegate. Three of its representatives, the governor-general and the Archbishop of Manila selected Ventura de los Reyes as Manila's delegate to the Cortes. De los Reyes arrived in Cadiz in December 1811.[5]

However, withNapoleon I's defeat in 1814, his brotherJoseph Bonaparte was removed from the Spanish throne, and the Cádiz Constitution was abolished byFerdinand VII, who returned to the absolute monarchy, that removed Philippine representation on the Cortes, among other things. Restoration of Philippine representation to the Cortes was one of the grievances by theIlustrados, the educated class during the late 19th century.[2]

Revolutionary era

[edit]
Main article:Malolos Congress

The Illustrados' campaign transformed into thePhilippine Revolution that aimed to overthrow Spanish rule. Proclaiming independence on June 12, 1898,PresidentEmilio Aguinaldo then ordered the convening of a revolutionary congress atMalolos. TheMalolos Congress, among other things, approved theMalolos Constitution. With the approval of theTreaty of Paris, the Spanishceded the Philippines to the United States. The revolutionaries, attempting to prevent American conquest, launched thePhilippine–American War, but were defeated when Aguinaldo was captured in 1901.[2]

American colonial period

[edit]
Main article:Philippine Legislature

When thePhilippines was under American colonial rule, the legislative body was thePhilippine Commission which existed from 1900 to 1907. ThePresident of the United States appointed the members of thePhilippine Commission. Furthermore, two Filipinos served asResident Commissioners to theHouse of Representatives of the United States from 1907 to 1935, then only one from 1935 to 1946. The Resident Commissioners had a voice in the House, but did not have voting rights.[2]

ThePhilippine Bill of 1902 mandated the creation of a bicameral or a two-chamberPhilippine Legislature with thePhilippine Commission as the Upper House and thePhilippine Assembly as the Lower House. This bicameral legislature was inaugurated in 1907. Through the leadership of then-SpeakerSergio Osmeña and then-Majority Floor LeaderManuel L. Quezon, the Rules of the59th United States Congress were substantially adopted as the Rules of the Philippine Legislature.[2]

In 1916, theJones Law changed the legislative system. ThePhilippine Commission was abolished, and a new bicameral Philippine Legislature consisting of aHouse of Representatives and aSenate was established.[2]

Commonwealth and Second Republic era

[edit]
Main article:National Assembly of the Philippines

The legislative system was changed again in 1935. The 1935Constitution, aside from instituting theCommonwealth which gave the Filipinos more role in government, established a unicameralNational Assembly. But in 1940, through an amendment to the 1935Constitution, a bicameral Congress of the Philippines consisting of aHouse of Representatives and aSenate was created. Those elected in 1941 would not serve until 1945, as World War II erupted. The invading Japanese set up theSecond Philippine Republic and convened its ownNational Assembly. With the Japanese defeat in 1945, the Commonwealth and its Congress was restored. The same setup continued until the Americans granted independence on July 4, 1946.[2]

Independence era

[edit]
See also:Batasang Pambansa

Upon the inauguration of theRepublic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946,Republic Act No. 6 was enacted providing that on the date of the proclamation of theRepublic of the Philippines, the existing Congress would be known as theFirst Congress of the Republic. Successive Congresses were elected until PresidentFerdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 23, 1972. Marcos then ruled by decree.[2]

As early as 1970, Marcos had convened a constitutional convention to revise the 1935 Constitution; in 1973, theConstitution was approved. It abolished the bicameral Congress and created a unicameral National Assembly, which would ultimately be known as theBatasang Pambansa in asemi-presidential system of government. The Batasang Pambansa first convened in 1978, and elected aprime minister.[2]

Marcos was overthrown after thePeople Power Revolution; PresidentCorazon Aquino then ruled by decree. Later that year she appointed aconstitutional commission that drafted a new constitution. TheConstitution was approved in a plebiscite the next year; it restored thepresidential system of government together with a bicameral Congress of the Philippines. The restored Congress first convened in 1987.[2]

Seat

[edit]
Congress of the Philippines is located in Metro Manila
Senate
Senate
House of Representatives
House of Representatives
Congress Building
Congress Building
Japanese Schoolhouse
Japanese Schoolhouse
Ayuntamiento
Ayuntamiento
Locations of the historical (blue) and current (red) seats of Congress inMetro Manila.

The two houses of Congress meet at different places inMetro Manila, the seat of government: the Senate meets at theGSIS Building, the main office of theGovernment Service Insurance System (GSIS) inPasay, while the House of Representatives sits at theBatasang Pambansa Complex inQuezon City. The two are around 25 kilometers (16 mi) apart.

TheBarasoain Church inMalolos,Bulacan served as a meeting place of unicameral congress of theFirst Philippine Republic.

After the Americans defeated the First Republic, the US-institutedPhilippine Legislature convened at theAyuntamiento inIntramuros, Manila from 1907 until 1926, when it transferred to theLegislative Building just outside Intramuros. In the Legislative Building, the Senate occupied the upper floors while the House of Representatives used the lower floors.

With the Legislative Building destroyed during theBattle of Manila of 1945, the Commonwealth Congress convened at the Old Japanese Schoolhouse inSampaloc. Congress met at the school auditorium, with the Senate convening on evenings and the House of Representatives meeting every morning. The Senate subsequently moved to theManila City Hall, with the House staying in the schoolhouse. The two chambers of Congress returned to the reconstructed Legislative Building, now the Congress Building in 1950. In 1973, when President Marcos ruled by decree, Congress was padlocked. Marcos built a new seat of a unicameral parliament inQuezon City, which would eventually be theBatasang Pambansa Complex. The parliament that will eventually be named as theBatasang Pambansa (National Legislature), first met at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in 1978.

With the overthrow of Marcos after thePeople Power Revolution, the bicameral Congress was restored. The House of Representatives inherited the Batasang Pambansa Complex, while the Senate returned to the Congress Building. In May 1997, the Senate moved to the newly constructed building owned by the GSIS on land reclaimed fromManila Bay inPasay; the Congress Building was eventually transformed into theNational Museum of Fine Arts. The Senate will eventually move into a new building that they would own inFort Bonifacio,Taguig.

Powers

[edit]
Commission on Appointments
Bicameral Conference Committee

The powers of the Congress of the Philippines may be classified as:

General Legislative
It consists of the enactment of laws intended as a rule of conduct to govern the relation between individuals (i.e., civil laws, commercial laws, etc.) or between individuals and the state (i.e., criminal law, political law, etc.)[2]
Implied Powers
It is essential to the effective exercise of other powers expressly granted to the assembly.
Inherent Powers
These are the powers which although not expressly given are nevertheless exercised by the Congress as they are necessary for its existence such as:
  • to determine the rules of proceedings;
  • to compel attendance of absent members to obtain quorum to do business;
  • to keep journal of its proceedings; etc.
Specific Legislative
It has reference to powers which theConstitution expressly and specifically directs to perform or execute.
Powers enjoyed by the Congress classifiable under this category are:
  • Power to appropriate;
  • Power to act as a constituent assembly (for drafting an amendment to the constitution upon a vote of three-fourths of all its members);
  • Power to impeach (the House of Representatives initiates all cases of impeachment, and successful cases are referred to the Senate for trial; officials convicted by the Senate are removed from office);
  • Power to confirm treaties (only the Senate is authorized to use this power);
  • Power to declare the existence of war (The Senate and the House of Representatives must convene injoint session to do this);
  • Power to concur amnesty;
  • Power to act as a board of canvassers for presidential/vice-presidential votes (by creating a joint congressional committee to do the canvassing);
  • Budgetary power;
  • Power to implement taxes.
Executive
Powers of the Congress that are executive in nature are:
  • Appointment of its officers;
  • Affirming treaties;
  • Confirming presidential appointees through theCommission on Appointments;
  • Removal power; etc.
Supervisory
The Congress of the Philippines exercises considerable control and supervision over the administrative branch - e.g.:
  • To decide the creation of a department/agency/office;
  • To define powers and duties of officers;
  • To appropriate funds for governmental operations;
  • To prescribe rules and procedure to be followed; etc.
Electoral
Considered as electoral power of the Congress of the Philippines are the Congress's power to:
  • Elect its presiding officer/s and other officers of the House;
  • Act as board of canvassers for the canvass of presidential/vice-presidential votes; and
  • Elect the President in case of any electoral tie to the said post.
Judicial
Constitutionally, each house has judicial powers:
  • To punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member
  • To concur and approve amnesty declared by thePresident of the Philippines;
  • To initiate, prosecute and thereafter decide cases of impeachment; and
  • To decide electoral protests of its members through the respective Electoral Tribunal.
Miscellaneous
The other powers of Congress mandated by the Constitution are as follows:
  • To authorize the Commission on Audit to audit fund and property;
  • To authorize thePresident of the Philippines to fix tariff rates, quotas, and dues;
  • To authorize thePresident of the Philippines to formulate rules and regulations in times of emergency;
  • To reapportion legislative districts based on established constitutional standards;
  • To implement laws on autonomy;
  • To establish a national language commission;
  • To implement free public secondary education;
  • To allow small scale use of natural resources;
  • To specify the limits of forest lands and national parks;
  • To determine the ownership and extent of ancestral domain; and
  • To establish independent economic and planning agency.

.

flagPhilippines portal
  • Preparation of the bill
The Member or the Bill Drafting Division of the Reference and Research Bureau prepares and drafts the bill upon the Member's request.
  • First reading
    1. The bill is filed with the Bills and Index Service and the same is numbered and reproduced.
    2. Three days after its filing, the same is included in the Order of Business for First Reading.
    3. On First Reading, the Secretary General reads the title and number of the bill. The Speaker refers the bill to the appropriate Committee/s.
  • Committee consideration / action
    1. The Committee where the bill was referred to evaluates it to determine the necessity of conducting public hearings.
    • If the Committee finds it necessary to conduct public hearings, it schedules the time thereof, issues public notices and invites resource persons from the public and private sectors, the academe, and experts on the proposed legislation.
    • If the Committee determines that public hearing is not needed, it schedules the bill for Committee discussion/s.
    1. Based on the result of the public hearings or Committee discussions, the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the same subject matter, or propose a substitute bill. It then prepares the corresponding committee report.
    2. The Committee approves the Committee Report and formally transmits the same to the Plenary Affairs Bureau.
  • Second reading
    1. The Committee Report is registered and numbered by the Bills and Index Service. It is included in the Order of Business and referred to the Committee on Rules.
    2. The Committee on Rules schedules the bill for consideration on Second Reading.
    3. On Second Reading, the Secretary General reads the number, title and text of the bill and the following takes place:
    • Period of Sponsorship and Debate
    • Period of Amendments
    • Voting, which may be by
    1. viva voce
    2. count by tellers
    3. division of the House
    4. nominal voting
  • Third reading
    1. The amendments, if any, are engrossed and printed copies of the bill are reproduced for Third Reading.
    2. The engrossed bill is included in the Calendar of Bills for Third Reading and copies of the same are distributed to all the Members three days before its Third Reading.
    3. On Third Reading, the Secretary General reads only the number and title of the bill.
    4. A roll call or nominal voting is called and a Member, if he desires, is given three minutes to explain his vote. No amendment on the bill is allowed at this stage.
    • The bill is approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Members present.
    • If the bill is disapproved, the same is transmitted to the Archives.
  • Transmittal of the approved bill to the Senate
    The approved bill is transmitted to the Senate for its concurrence.
  • Senate action on approved bill of the House
    The bill undergoes the same legislative process in the Senate.
  • Conference committee
    1. A Conference Committee is constituted and is composed of Members from each House of Congress to settle, reconcile or thresh out differences or disagreements on any provision of the bill.
    2. The conferees are not limited to reconciling the differences in the bill but may introduce new provisions germane to the subject matter or may report out an entirely new bill on the subject.
    3. The Conference Committee prepares a report to be signed by all the conferees and the chairman.
    4. The Conference Committee Report is submitted for consideration/approval of both Houses. No amendment is allowed.
  • Transmittal of the bill to the President
    Copies of the bill, signed by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and certified by both the Secretary of the Senate and the Secretary General of the House, are transmitted to the President.
  • Presidential action on the bill
    If the bill is approved by the President, it is assigned an RA number and transmitted to the House where it originated.
  • Action on approved bill
    The bill is reproduced and copies are sent to the Official Gazette Office for publication and distribution to the implementing agencies. It is then included in the annual compilation of Acts and Resolutions.
  • Action on vetoed bill
    The message is included in the Order of Business. If the Congress decides to override the veto, the House and the Senate shall proceed separately to reconsider the bill or the vetoed items of the bill. If the bill or its vetoed items is passed by a vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House, such bill or items shall become a law.

Composition

[edit]
Main article:20th Congress of the Philippines

In the diagrams below, Congress is divided into blocs, with the colors referring to the political party of the person leading that bloc. The blocs are determined by the votes of the members in speakership or Senate presidential elections.

The Senate is composed of the winners of the2022 and2025 Senate elections. The House of Representatives is composed of the winners of the2025 House of Representatives elections. In both chambers, the majority bloc is composed of members generally supportive of the incumbentpresidency of Bongbong Marcos, while the minority blocs are those opposed. In the House of Representatives, there is an independent minority bloc, and 4 vacant seats.

In both chambers, membership in committees is determined by the size of the bloc; only members of the majority and minority blocs are given committee memberships. In the Philippines, political parties are liquid, and it is not uncommon for party-mates to find themselves in different blocs.

Leadership

[edit]

Each chamber is headed by a presiding officer, both elected from their respective membership; in the Senate, it is theSenate President, while in the House of Representatives, it is theSpeaker. The Senate also has aSenate presidentpro tempore, and the House of Representatives hasdeputy speakers. Each chamber has its own floor leaders.

Voting requirements

[edit]

The vote requirements in the Congress of the Philippines are as follows:

RequirementSenateHouse of RepresentativesJoint sessionAll members
One-fifthN/AN/A
One-thirdN/A
  • Pass articles of impeachment
N/AN/A
Majority (50% +1 member)
  • Election of the Senate President
  • Election of the Speaker
  • Revocation of martial law
  • Revocation of the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
  • Submit to the electorate the question of calling a constitutional convention
  • Grant a tax exemption
  • Concurrence of a grant of amnesty
  • Passage of laws
  • Election of the president in case of a tie vote.
  • Confirmation of an appointment of the president to a vice president
Two-thirds
  • Suspend or expel a member
  • Designation of the vice president as acting president
  • Override a presidential veto
  • Declaration of a state of war (voting separately)
  • Call a constitutional convention
  • Conviction of impeached officials
  • Concurrence on a treaty
N/A
Three-fourthsN/AN/AN/A
  • Passage of amendments to, or revision of the constitution

In most cases, such as the approval of bills, only a majority of members present is needed; on some cases such as the election of presiding officers, a majority of all members, including vacant seats, is needed.

Sessions

[edit]
See also:List of legislatures of the Philippines

A new session of Congress starts after every House of Representatives election. Under the 1935 Constitution as amended in 1940, mid-term elections for the Senate caused its membership to be changed mid-session. From 1945 to 1972, there were two Commonwealth congresses and seven congresses of the Republic, with the 2nd Commonwealth Congress becoming the1st Congress of the Republic. Under the 1973 Constitution, theBatasang Pambansa was the legislature, with it having two elections. Under the 1987 constitution, each Senate election was synchronized with the House elections, with the first congress under that constitution being counted as the "8th Congress", picking up from the last congress of the 1935 Constitution.

Per historical era

[edit]
In operationAuthorityGovernmentLegislatureTypeUpper houseLower house
1898–99Malolos ConstitutionFirst Philippine Republic controlled areasMalolos CongressUnicameralMalolos Congress
War powers authority of thePresident of the United StatesUnited States Military Government controlled areasMartial law; military governor ruled by decree
1900–1902Malolos ConstitutionFirst Philippine Republic controlled areasMalolos CongressUnicameralMalolos Congress
Appointment by thePresident of the United StatesUnited States Military Government controlled areasTaft CommissionUnicameralPhilippine Commission
1902–1907Philippine Organic ActInsular Government of the Philippine IslandsPhilippine CommissionUnicameral
1907–1916Philippine LegislatureBicameralPhilippine CommissionPhilippine Assembly
1916–1935Philippine Autonomy ActBicameralSenateHouse of Representatives
1935–19411935 ConstitutionCommonwealth of the PhilippinesNational AssemblyUnicameralNational Assembly
1942–43War powers authority of theEmperor of JapanEmpire of JapanMartial law; governor-general ruled by decree
1943–441943 ConstitutionSecond Philippine RepublicNational AssemblyUnicameralNational Assembly
1945–46Amendments to the 1935 ConstitutionCommonwealth of the PhilippinesCongress (Commonwealth)BicameralSenateHouse of Representatives
1946–1973Third Republic of the PhilippinesCongressBicameral
1973–19761973 ConstitutionPhilippines under Martial LawMartial law; president ruled by decree
1976–1978
(never convened)
Batasang BayanUnicameralNational Assembly
1978–1986Amendments to the 1973 ConstitutionFourth Republic of the PhilippinesBatasang PambansaUnicameralBatasang Pambansa
1986–1987 Provisional GovernmentPresident ruled by decree
1987–present1987 ConstitutionFifth Republic of the PhilippinesCongressBicameralSenateHouse of Representatives

List of congresses

[edit]
ElectionCongressSenate election resultsHouse of Representatives elections results
Pre-1941SeePhilippine Legislature andNational Assembly of the Philippines
19411st Commonwealth Congress24Nacionalista95Nacionalista
3 independent
19462nd Commonwealth Congress9Nacionalista (Liberal wing)
6 Nacionalista
1 Popular Front
49 Nacionalista (Liberal wing)
35 Nacionalista
6Democratic Alliance
3 others
1st Congress
19476 Liberal
2 Nacionalista
19492nd Congress8 Liberal60 Liberal
33 Nacionalista
7 others
19518 Nacionalista
19533rd Congress5 Nacionalista
2Democratic
1Citizens'
59 Nacionalista
31 Liberal
11Democratic
1 independent
19559 Nacionalista
19574th Congress6 Nacionalista
2 Liberal
82 Nacionalista
19 Liberal
1NCP
19595 Nacionalista
2 Liberal
1NCP
19615th Congress4 Liberal
2 Nacionalista
2Progressive
74 Nacionalista
29 Liberal
1 independent
19634 Liberal
4 Nacionalista
19656th Congress5 Nacionalista
2 Liberal
1 NCP
61 Liberal
38 Nacionalista
5 others
19676 Nacionalista
1 Liberal
1 independent
19697th Congress6 Nacionalista
2 Liberal
88 Nacionalista
18 Liberal
4 others
19715 Liberal
3 Nacionalista
1978, 1984SeeBatasang Pambansa
19878th Congress
22 Majority–1 Minority









22LABAN
2GAD
43PDP–Laban
24Lakas ng Bansa
19UNIDO
16 Liberal
11KBL
55 coalitions
32 others
14 appointed sectoral seats
19929th Congress
23 Majority–1 Minority









16LDP
5NPC
2Lakas
1 Liberal
86 LDP
41 Lakas
30 NPC
11LP-PDP
32 others
16 appointed sectoral seats
199510th Congress
22 Majority–1 Minority









4 Lakas
4 LDP
1 Nacionalista
1 NPC
1PRP
1 independent

160 Majority–22 Minority









157 pro-administration coalition
26 opposition coalition
12 hybrid coalitions
9 others
16 appointed sectoral seats
199811th Congress
22 Majority–1 Minority









5 Lakas
4 LDP
1 NPC
1PMP
1 PDP–Laban
111 Lakas
55LAMMP
15 Liberal
25 others
14 party-lists
200112th Congress
13 Majority–11 Minority









3 Lakas
2 LDP
1 Liberal
1 PDP–Laban
6 independent

185 Majority–17 Minority









79 Lakas
42 NPC
21 LDP
19 Liberal
48 others
16 party-lists
200413th Congress
13 Majority–10 Minority









5KNP
4 Lakas
2 Liberal
1 PRP

193 Majority–28 Minority









92 Lakas
53 NPC
29 Liberal
15 LDP
20 others
28 party-lists
200714th Congress
15 Majority–7 Minority








2 Liberal
2 Nacionalista
2 NPC
2UNO
1 KAMPI
1 LDP
1 PDP–Laban
1 independent

193 Majority–1 Minority









89 Lakas
44 KAMPI
28 NPC
23 Liberal
11 Nacionalista
23 others
53 party-lists
201015th Congress
17 Majority–3 Minority








3 Liberal
2Lakas–Kampi
2 Nacionalista
2 PMP
1 NPC
1 PRP
1 independent

227 Majority–29 Minority









106 Lakas–Kampi
47 Liberal
29 NPC
25 Nacionalista
22 others
57 party-lists
201316th Congress
17 Majority–6 Minority









3 Nacionalista
3UNA
1 LDP
1 Liberal
1 NPC
1 PDP–Laban

244 Majority–35 Minority









109 Liberal
42 NPC
24NUP
18 Nacionalista
14 Lakas
27 others
59 party-lists
201617th Congress
20 Majority–3 Minority









5 Liberal
2 NPC
1Akbayan
1 UNA
3 independent

252 Majority–36 Minority









115 Liberal
42 NPC
24 Nacionalista
23 NUP
11 UNA
23 others
59 party-lists
201918th Congress
20 Majority–4 Minority









4 PDP–Laban
3 Nacionalista
1 Lakas
1 LDP
1 NPC
1 UNA
1 independent

266 Majority–28 Minority









82 PDP–Laban
42 Nacionalista
37 NPC
23 NUP
18 Liberal
12 Lakas
27 others
61 party-lists
202219th Congress
20 Maj–2 Min–2 Ind









4 NPC
1 PDP-Laban
1 Nacionalista
1 Akbayan
1 PMP
4 independent

282 Majority–5 others









66 PDP–Laban
36 Nacionalista
35 NPC
33 NUP
26 Lakas
10 Liberal
47 others
62 party-lists
202520th Congress
19 Maj–5 Min









3 Nacionalista
2 PDP
2 NPC
1 KANP
1 Lakas
1 Liberal
2 independent

269 Majority–34 others









103 Lakas
32 NUP
31 NPC
27 PFP
22 Nacionalista
39 others
63 party-lists


Latest elections

[edit]

Senate

[edit]
Main article:2025 Philippine Senate election

In the Philippines, the most common way to illustrate the result in a Senate election is via a tally of candidates in descending order of votes. The twelve candidates with the highest number of votes are elected.

CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Bong GoDuterTenPartido Demokratiko Pilipino27,121,07347.29
Bam AquinoKiBamKatipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino20,971,89936.57
Ronald dela RosaDuterTenPartido Demokratiko Pilipino20,773,94636.22
Erwin TulfoAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasLakas–CMD17,118,88129.85
Kiko PangilinanKiBamLiberal Party15,343,22926.75
Rodante MarcoletaDuterTenIndependent15,250,72326.59
Panfilo LacsonAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasIndependent15,106,11126.34
Tito SottoAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasNationalist People's Coalition14,832,99625.86
Pia CayetanoAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasNacionalista Party14,573,43025.41
Camille VillarAlyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas[I]Nacionalista Party13,651,27423.80
Lito LapidAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasNationalist People's Coalition13,394,10223.35
Imee MarcosNacionalista Party[I]13,339,22723.26
Ben TulfoIndependent12,090,09021.08
Bong RevillaAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasLakas–CMD12,027,84520.97
Abigail BinayAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasNationalist People's Coalition11,808,64520.59
Benhur AbalosAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasPartido Federal ng Pilipinas11,580,52020.19
Jimmy BondocDuterTenPartido Demokratiko Pilipino10,615,59818.51
Manny PacquiaoAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasPartido Federal ng Pilipinas10,397,13318.13
Phillip SalvadorDuterTenPartido Demokratiko Pilipino10,241,49117.86
Bonifacio BositaRiding-in-Tandem TeamIndependent9,805,90317.10
Heidi MendozaIndependent8,759,73215.27
Willie RevillameIndependent8,568,92414.94
Vic RodriguezDuterTenIndependent8,450,66814.74
Raul LambinoDuterTenPartido Demokratiko Pilipino8,383,59314.62
Francis TolentinoAlyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasPartido Federal ng Pilipinas7,702,55013.43
Jayvee HinloDuterTenPartido Demokratiko Pilipino7,471,70413.03
Willie Ong[II]Aksyon Demokratiko7,371,94412.85
Gregorio HonasanReform PH Party6,700,77211.68
Luke EspirituPartido Lakas ng Masa6,481,41311.30
Richard MataDuterTenIndependent5,789,18110.09
Apollo QuiboloyDuterTenIndependent5,719,0419.97
Teodoro CasiñoMakabayan4,648,2718.10
Arlene BrosasMakabayan4,343,7737.57
Leody de GuzmanPartido Lakas ng Masa4,136,8997.21
Danilo RamosMakabayan4,091,2577.13
Ariel QuerubinRiding-in-Tandem TeamNacionalista Party3,950,0516.89
Liza MazaMakabayan3,927,7846.85
Sonny MatulaWorkers' and Peasants' Party3,865,7926.74
Ronnel ArambuloMakabayan3,846,2166.71
France CastroMakabayan3,670,9726.40
Angelo de AlbanIndependent2,556,9834.46
Roberto BallonIndependent2,389,8474.17
Norman MarquezIndependent1,150,0952.01
Eric MartinezIndependent1,032,2011.80
Norberto GonzalesPartido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas990,0911.73
Jocelyn AndamoMakabayan829,0841.45
Allen CapuyanPartido Pilipino sa Pagbabago818,4371.43
Ernesto ArellanoKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi801,6771.40
Jerome AdonisMakabayan779,8681.36
Mimi DoringoMakabayan744,5061.30
Arnel EscobalPartido Maharlika731,4531.28
Jose Montemayor Jr.Independent671,8181.17
Wilson AmadIndependent618,9431.08
Mar ValbuenaIndependent611,4321.07
David D'AngeloBunyog Party607,6421.06
Wilbert T. Lee[II]Aksyon Demokratiko587,0981.02
Marc GamboaAksyon DemokratikoIndependent571,6371.00
Amirah LidasanMakabayan564,9480.99
Mody FlorandaMakabayan554,3850.97
Nur-Ana SahidullaIndependent476,8550.83
Michael TapadoPartido Maharlika460,6620.80
Relly Jose Jr.Kilusang Bagong Lipunan458,3830.80
Jose OlivarIndependent448,7940.78
Subair MustaphaWorkers' and Peasants' Party414,0270.72
Roy CabonegroDemocratic Party of the Philippines383,5340.67
Leandro Verceles Jr.Independent310,5620.54
Total428,489,615100.00
Total votes57,350,958
Registered voters/turnout69,673,65582.31
Source:COMELEC
  1. ^abGuest candidate ofDuterTen
  2. ^abWithdrew but remained on the ballot

House of Representatives

[edit]
Main article:2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections

A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one vote for a representative elected in the voter's congressional district (first-past-the-post), and one vote for a party in the party-list system (closed list), the so-called party-list representatives; party-list representatives shall comprise not more than 20% of the House of Representatives.

To determine the winning parties in the party-list election, a party must surpass the 2%election threshold of the national vote; usually, the party with the largest number of votes wins the maximum three seats, the rest two seats. If the number of seats of the parties that surpassed the 2% threshold is less than 20% of the total seats, the parties that won less than 2% of the vote gets one seat each until the 20% requirement is met.

District elections

[edit]
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
Lakas–CMD16,596,69832.87+23.70103+77
National Unity Party6,080,98712.05+0.1332−1
Nationalist People's Coalition5,974,20111.83−0.6031−4
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas5,286,53810.47+9.5327+25
Nacionalista Party4,724,8039.36−4.3822−14
Liberal Party1,555,9413.08−0.706−4
Aksyon Demokratiko1,341,5402.66+0.722+2
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino666,0671.32−21.452−64
Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod542,7101.07+0.933+3
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino314,9810.62−0.162+1
People's Reform Party292,6650.58−1.381−2
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino269,9490.53+0.522+2
United Bangsamoro Justice Party236,8570.47−0.1400
Unang Sigaw183,9120.36−0.2900
Makatizens United Party150,1890.30New2New
Sama Sama Tarlac143,8680.28New00
United Nationalist Alliance142,6550.28+0.1410
Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino134,1370.27+0.2600
National Unity Party/United Negros Alliance130,0230.26−0.271−1
Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines127,6460.25−0.0210
Partido Navoteño116,6220.23+0.0610
One Capiz109,2490.22New00
Reform PH Party107,9660.21New00
Lakas–CMD/One Cebu104,7680.21New1New
Adelante Zamboanga Party100,0350.20+0.0510
Padajon Surigao Party99,8560.20New00
Galing at Serbisyo para sa Mindoreño91,0730.18New00
Filipino Rights Protection Advocates of Manila Movement87,1830.17New00
Nationalist People's Coalition/One Cebu74,9360.15New1New
Asenso Manileño70,7800.14New10
Akay National Political Party68,5240.14New00
Workers' and Peasants' Party50,6180.10+0.0000
Kusog Bicolandia33,7890.07New00
Partido Lakas ng Masa28,7460.06+0.0500
Asenso Abrenio23,3080.05New00
Makabayan22,6980.04New00
Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas14,3430.03−0.1300
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma12,6720.03−0.9600
Independent4,371,6118.66+4.2311+5
Party-list seats64+1
Total50,485,144100.00318+1
Valid votes50,485,14488.46+1.48
Invalid/blank votes6,585,15011.54−1.48
Total votes57,070,294100.00
Registered voters/turnout68,431,96583.40−0.70
Source: COMELEC (results per district,registered voters)

Party-list election

[edit]
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Akbayan2,779,6217.023+2
Tingog Party List1,822,7084.603+1
4Ps Partylist1,469,5713.7120
ACT-CIS Partylist1,239,9303.132−1
Ako Bicol1,073,1192.7120
Uswag Ilonggo777,7541.9610
Solid North Party765,3221.931New
Trabaho Partylist709,2831.791+1
Citizens' Battle Against Corruption593,9111.5010
Malasakit at Bayanihan580,1001.4610
Senior Citizens Partylist577,7531.4610
Puwersa ng Pilipinong Pandagat575,7621.451New
Mamamayang Liberal547,9491.381New
FPJ Panday Bayanihan538,0031.361New
United Senior Citizens Partylist533,9131.3510
4K Partylist521,5921.321New
LPG Marketers Association517,8331.3110
Coop-NATCCO509,9131.2910
Ako Bisaya477,7961.2110
Construction Workers Solidarity477,5171.2110
Pinoy Workers Partylist475,9851.201New
AGAP Partylist469,4121.1910
Asenso Pinoy423,1331.071+1
Agimat Partylist420,8131.0610
TGP Partylist407,9221.0310
SAGIP Partylist405,2971.021−1
Alona Partylist393,6840.9910
1-Rider Partylist385,7000.971−1
Kamanggagawa382,6570.971New
Galing sa Puso Party381,8800.9610
Kamalayan381,4370.961+1
Bicol Saro366,1770.9210
Kusug Tausug365,9160.9210
Alliance of Concerned Teachers353,6310.8910
One Coop334,0980.841+1
KM Ngayon Na324,4050.821+1
Abante Mindanao320,3490.811New
Bagong Henerasyon319,8030.8110
Trade Union Congress Party314,8140.7910
Kabataan312,3440.7910
APEC Partylist310,4270.7810
Magbubukid310,2890.781New
1Tahanan309,7610.781+1
Ako Ilocano Ako301,4060.7610
Manila Teachers Party-List301,2910.7610
Nanay Partylist293,4300.741New
Kapuso PM293,1490.741New
SSS-GSIS Pensyonado290,3590.731New
DUMPER Partylist279,5320.7110
Abang Lingkod274,7350.6910
Pusong Pinoy266,6230.6710
Swerte261,3790.661New
Philreca Party-List261,0450.6610
Gabriela Women's Party[ii]256,8110.6510
Abono Partylist[iii]254,4740.6410
Ang Probinsyano Party-list[iii]250,8860.6310
Murang Kuryente Partylist[iii]247,7540.631New
OFW Partylist246,6090.620−1
Apat-Dapat245,0600.6200
Tupad243,1520.6100
Kalinga Partylist235,1860.5900
1-Pacman Party List233,0960.590−1
ANGAT Partylist229,7070.580−1
Magsasaka Partylist225,3710.570−1
P3PWD214,6050.540−1
Barangay Health Wellness Partylist203,7190.510−1
Democratic Independent Workers Association195,8290.4900
Epanaw Sambayanan188,5050.4800
Probinsyano Ako185,6060.470−1
Toda Aksyon183,1110.4600
Pinuno Partylist181,0660.460−1
Serbisyo sa Bayan Party175,5200.4400
Abante Pangasinan-Ilokano Party170,7950.430−1
AGRI Partylist168,0320.420−1
Asap Na164,0300.4100
Bayan Muna162,8940.4100
Eduaksyon161,5170.4100
Akay ni Sol159,7480.4000
Ahon Mahirap157,9910.4000
1Munti Partylist157,6650.4000
H.E.L.P. Pilipinas157,3080.4000
A Teacher Partylist157,1160.4000
Babae Ako157,0410.4000
Anakalusugan154,1210.390−1
Pilipinas Babangon Muli154,0250.3900
Batang Quiapo Partylist153,6370.3900
Lunas151,4940.3800
Kabalikat ng Mamamayan141,8470.360−1
WIFI141,0410.3600
Aangat Tayo140,5970.3500
Laang Kawal136,4840.3400
Ako Padayon134,2920.3400
Solo Parents131,6590.3300
Pamilya Ko124,2280.3100
Pamilyang Magsasaka117,4400.3000
ANGKASANGGA115,7200.2900
Kasambahay111,2690.2800
Bangon Bagong Minero111,1740.2800
Pamilya Muna108,4830.2700
Kababaihan107,8480.2700
AA-Kasosyo Party107,2620.2700
Tulungan Tayo106,5040.2700
Health Workers105,5120.2700
1Agila104,8680.2600
Boses Party-List102,5880.2600
Buhay Party-List99,3650.2500
Ipatupad For Workers96,7350.2400
Gilas96,6460.2400
Bunyog Party93,8250.2400
Vendors Partylist88,8450.2200
Bayaning Tsuper84,2040.2100
Bisaya Gyud Party-List79,9150.2000
Magdalo Party-List78,9840.2000
Maharlikang Pilipino Party78,7000.2000
Arangkada Pilipino75,4930.1900
Bagong Maunlad na Pilipinas70,5950.1800
Damayang Filipino68,4800.1700
Partido sa Bagong Pilipino68,0850.1700
Heal PH67,0850.1700
Ang Tinig ng Seniors66,5530.1700
Ako OFW60,2300.1500
Aksyon Dapat58,9160.1500
Aktibong Kaagapay55,8290.1400
UGB Partylist53,6330.1400
Ang Komadrona53,0170.1300
United Frontliners52,3380.1300
Gabay52,1090.1300
Tictok51,3540.1300
Ako Tanod49,5530.1300
Barangay Natin49,3640.1200
Abante Bisdak49,1140.1200
Turismo47,6450.1200
Ang Bumbero ng Pilipinas47,0270.1200
BFF45,8160.1200
Pinoy Ako44,4190.1100
Patrol Partylist41,5700.100−1
Tutok To Win Party-List41,0360.100−1
Lingap38,5640.1000
Maagap35,8710.0900
PBA Partylist35,0780.090−1
Ilocano Defenders32,0280.0800
Pamana31,5260.0800
Kaunlad Pinoy30,8980.0800
Juan Pinoy27,5230.0700
Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa26,7710.0700
Arise26,5650.0700
Click Party25,9140.0700
MPBL Partylist23,1890.0600
PROMDI23,1440.0600
Bida Katagumpay20,8850.0500
Hugpong Federal19,0280.0500
Arte14,1690.0400
Peoples Champ Guardians Partylist11,4920.0300
Sulong Dignidad8,1200.0200
Total39,611,775100.0064+1
Valid votes39,611,77569.07+3.62
Invalid/blank votes[iv]17,739,18330.93−3.62
Total votes57,350,958
Registered voters/turnout69,673,65582.31−0.67
Source:COMELEC (vote totals)
  1. ^TheURL of the website of the House of Representatives is, for example, www.congress.gov.ph.
  2. ^Proclaimed as winner on September 17, 2025 by virtue of the COMELEC declaring a 64th seat being up[6]
  3. ^abcProclaimed as winner on October 2, 2025 by virtue ofDuterte Youth's disqualification[7]
  4. ^Includes 2,338,564 votes forDuterte Youth, which theCommission on Elections (COMELEC) second division cancelled its registration on June 18, 2025, which was later affirmed by the COMELECen banc, thereby preventing all of its nominees from assuming their seats.[8] The COMELEC then proclaimed three party-lists with one seat each as winners.[7]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcd"Article VI: THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT".Philippines Official Gazette. RetrievedMay 31, 2013.
  2. ^abcdefghijk"The Legislative Branch".Philippines Official Gazette. Archived fromthe original on April 7, 2023. RetrievedMay 31, 2013.
  3. ^Bueza, Michael (June 24, 2021)."LIST: New congressional districts in the 2022 elections".Rappler. RetrievedDecember 19, 2023.
  4. ^"The City Council of Manila".Manila Standard. June 24, 2002. RetrievedDecember 13, 2012.
  5. ^abElizalde, María Dolores (September 2013)."The Philippines at the Cortes de Cádiz".Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints.61 (3):331–361.doi:10.1353/phs.2013.0014.hdl:10261/165907.S2CID 145232653.
  6. ^Sampang, Dianne; Villanueva, Gillian (September 14, 2025)."Gabriela to get 64th party-list seat in House, says Comelec".INQUIRER.net. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2025.
  7. ^abVillanueva, Gillian (October 2, 2025)."Comelec proclaims 3 party-lists to replace Duterte Youth at the House".INQUIRER.net. RetrievedOctober 2, 2025.
  8. ^Sampang, Dianne (August 29, 2025)."Comelec en banc upholds ruling canceling Duterte Youth's registration".Philippine Daily Inquirer. RetrievedAugust 29, 2025.

Sources

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