Conference House | |
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| Location | Conference House Park, Satterlee Street,Tottenville, Staten Island,New York City,New York |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 40°30′10.3″N74°15′13.6″W / 40.502861°N 74.253778°W /40.502861; -74.253778 |
| Area | 2.8 acres (1.1 ha) |
| Built | circa 1675 |
| Architectural style | Dutch Colonial |
| Part of | Ward's Point Conservation Area (ID82003402) |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000566[1] |
| NYSRHP No. | 08501.001286 |
| NYCL No. | 0393 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966[1] |
| Designated NHL | May 23, 1966[2] |
| Designated CP | September 29, 1982 |
| Designated NYSRHP | June 23, 1980 |
Conference House (also known asBillop House[3]) is a stone house in theTottenville neighborhood ofStaten Island inNew York City. Built by CaptainChristopher Billopp some time before 1680, it is located inConference House Park nearWard's Point, the southernmost tip ofNew York state, which became known as "Billop's Point" in the 18th century.
TheStaten Island Peace Conference, an unsuccessful attempt to find a swift negotiated end to theAmerican Revolutionary War, was hosted there by his heir and grandson, ColonelChristopher Billop, on September 11, 1776. The house, a National and New York City Landmark, is located atConference House Park overlookingRaritan Bay. The house is also located within theWard's Point Conservation Area, separately added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[1][4]
CaptainChristopher Billopp, after years of distinguished service in theRoyal Navy, came to America in 1674. He was granted a land patent on 932 acres (3.7 km2) on the southernmost tip of Staten Island. Archaeological evidence, includingshell middens and digs conducted byThe American Museum of Natural History in 1895, have shown that the Raritan band of theLenape camped in the area and used the location as a burial ground. Known asBurial Ridge, it is the largest pre-European site in New York City.
Legend holds that sovereignty of Staten Island was determined by Capt. Billopp's skill in circling it in one day, earning it for New York rather than to New Jersey.[5]
In 1677, the fortunes of colonial service took Capt. Billopp toNew Castle on theDelaware River, where he commanded the local garrison. Upon appointment ofThomas Dongan as governor of the colony of New York, he returned to Staten Island and became active in the local government. He was further rewarded by another patent, expanding his Staten Island property to 1,600 acres (6.4 km2).
It is difficult to ascertain exactly when his manor house was built, but one surviving map shows that a building existed on the site of the Conference House before 1680. The house was passed down to his great grandsonChristopher Billop, who was commissioned a colonel and ledLoyalist forces against the Colonials in theAmerican Revolution.
On September 11, 1776, Britishloyalist ColonelChristopher Billop, commander of a Tory regiment in the conflict, hosted an informal diplomatic conference aimed at finding an early end to the nascentAmerican Revolution.Lord Howe, commander in chief of British forces in America, arranged to meet with representatives of theContinental Congress in what is known today as theStaten Island Peace Conference.Benjamin Franklin,John Adams, andEdward Rutledge rowed over from patriot-heldPerth Amboy, New Jersey. The meeting lasted for three hours and ended with the Americans politely declining the diplomatically handcuffed Howe's offer, leading to another seven years of conflict.[6]
Conference House is situated on the southernmost point of New York State, at what was originally known as "Billop's Point", today'sWard's Point. It was from this site, where the mouth ofArthur Kill juts out intoRaritan Bay, that a raid on October 25, 1779, known as "Simcoe's Raid", was conducted upon patriot-held New Jersey byJohn Graves Simcoe, leader of theTory unit theQueen's Rangers. InA History Of The Operations Of A Partisan Corps Called The Queen's Rangers, which he wrote after the war, he mentions:
The batteaux, and boats, which were appointed to be at Billop's-point, so as to pass the whole over by twelve o'clock at night, did not arrive till three o'clock in the morning.
Billop's point is mentioned in the journal of Major André:
Oct. 25The Regiments at Amboy received Orders to strike their tents and send them with their baggage to the water's side. Those at Staten Island had orders to leave theirs standing, and repair by 8 o'clock in the evening to Billop's Point.
After the cessation of hostilities and British withdrawal from the former colonies the house was confiscated by the state of New York with no recompense to the Billop family. However, many who suffered confiscation, particularly those who were regarded as most notorious by the rebels, later received some form of compensation from the British government.[7]
After the revolution, most of the Billops went to Canada. One hundred years after the conference the house was used as a hotel, and a rat poison factory,[8] before subsequently being abandoned and vandalized. In 1901 Assemblyman Van Name ofRichmond County, New York, introduced a bill to acquire the house and mark it for historic preservation.[9] However, the house was not immediately recognized for preservation.[citation needed]
The city finally acquired the house in 1926, at which point it was in danger of being razed.[10][11]Conference House Park was created the same year.[12] A nonprofit organization, the Conference House Association, was formed; in 1929, the Municipal Assembly of the City of New York placed the house under the association's aegis. The association subsequently restored the house in a series of small projects, which included building a new roof as well as stairs from the first floor to the basement, painting the facade, and restoring the old well. The second floor was then restored, and a floor in the attic was created. The project was completed in 1937, and the house was dedicated on May 15, 1937.[11] The house was declared aNational Historic Landmark in 1966.[2][6][13]
On 11 September 1776, this was the scene of a meeting between Lord Richard Howe and a committee of the Continental Congress. The British Admiral offered amnesty in exchange for withdrawal of the Declaration of Independence.
Assemblyman Van Name of Richmond has introduced a bill in the Assembly for the preservation of the building known as the Billop House, in the County of Richmond, and to authorize the acquisition of the title thereto, and the lands adjacent, for historical purposes. The Billop House, which is a stone structure erected by Christopher Billop before the Revolution, was the scene of one of the most momentous interviews in American history.
