Concourse | |
|---|---|
 Bronx Courthouse serves as Bronx Borough Hall | |
 Interactive map of Concourse | |
| Coordinates:40°49′37″N73°55′23″W / 40.827°N 73.923°W /40.827; -73.923 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  New York |
| City | New York City |
| Borough | The Bronx |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 75,371[1] |
| ZIP Codes | 10451, 10452 |
| Area code | 718, 347, 929, and917 |
Concourse is a neighborhood in the southwestern section of theNew York Cityborough ofthe Bronx which includes theBronx County Courthouse, theBronx Museum of the Arts, andYankee Stadium. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are East 169th Street to the north,Webster Avenue to the east,East 149th Street to the south, andJerome Avenue andHarlem River to the west. The neighborhood is divided into three subsections: West Concourse, East Concourse, and Concourse Village with theGrand Concourse being its main thoroughfare.[2][3][4][5][6]
The neighborhood is part ofBronx Community Board 4, and its ZIP Codes are 10451 and 10452. The local subway lines are theIND Concourse Line (B and D trains), operating along the Grand Concourse, and theIRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train), operating along River Avenue. The area is patrolled by the NYPD's 44th Precinct.
The neighborhood is in theSouth Bronx in the southwestern part of the borough, centered on the intersection ofGrand Concourse and161st Street.[7] It is bordered to the west byHighbridge and theHarlem River; to the north by Mount Eden; to the east by Claremont Village,Melrose, andMorrisania; and to the south byMott Haven.[8]
The neighborhoods follows a street grid with avenues crossing east–west streets. Retail is located on streets, and with the exception of Morris Avenue, the avenues are largely residential above 153rd Street. The neighborhood character is more industrialized along the river with the exception of park space and theBronx Terminal Market. Other large retail nodes are located on 161st Street and adjacent blocks, at Concourse Plaza. Smaller retail nodes are located on 165th Street and on 167th Street.[9]
The elevation varies from sea level at the Harlem River short to its highest point of elevation of 110 feet (34 m) inFranz Sigel Park. In fact,George Washington and his troops utilized some of these elevations during theAmerican Revolutionary War as vantage points to monitor activity along theHarlem River.[10] Elevation can vary greatly, with the Grand Concourse 20 feet higher than adjacent avenues in some instances.
From European settlement through the late 1800s, the Concourse area occupied wooded lands and rocky formations within and on the periphery[7] of the estate of the prominent Morris family who farmed in what is now Southwest Bronx.[11] Until 1845, the area was part of the Town of Westchester within Westchester County. After the subdivision of the Town of Westchester in 1845, the Concourse area became part of the Town of West Farms. In 1855, West Farms was further subdivided and the Town of Morrisania was created.[12]
With the promise of city services, the Morrisania along with the Towns of West Farms and Kingsbridge seceded fromWestchester County to joinManhattan as part ofNew York County. The three towns were referred to as the "Annexed District".[12] In 1896, the vast majority of what is now the Bronx joined New York County. In 1898 theCity of Greater New York and Borough of the Bronx[13] were formed, and all formerWestchester County annexations withinNew York County were reconstituted into the independent County of the Bronx in 1914.
Expansion of the subway system enabled rapid development of the Concourse. The first subway crossed under 149th Street into the area in 1906 and is now theIRT White Plains Road Line (2 and 5 trains). TheIRT Jerome Avenue Line opened a decade later in 1917 and spurred enormous development in the area.[7] Concurrent with subway development and inspired by theCity Beautiful movement, the New York City built theGrand Boulevard and Concourse (shortened to the Grand Concourse). Modeled after Paris'Champs-Élysées, the original boulevard stretched from the Bronx Courthouse to nearVan Cortlandt Park, but was later extended south to 138th Street by supplanting the existing Mott Avenue.[7] The Grand Concourse was further improved by the extension of theIND Concourse Line (B and D trains) under most of its length in 1933.[13]
Yankee Stadium was built 1923 whenJacob Ruppert moved the team from thePolo Grounds in Manhattan, where theYankees shared space with theNew York Giants, to the Bronx. With the exception of a brief period in the 1970s, the Yankees have been in Concourse for almost 100 years.
Infrastructure and services brought residents. Some of the 500,000 people who moved to the borough in the 1920s lived in the Concourse.[14] The new construction to accommodate those residents was inspired by the City Beautiful movement and the 1901Tenement House Act, which mandated light, air, and fire protection.[3] This yielded 5- and 6- story multifamily residential buildings throughout the neighborhood built in a variety of styles fromTudor,Renaissance, andColonial Revival toArt Deco andArt Moderne.[3]
In 1945, theBronx Marian apparitions drew 30,000 pilgrims to see the site of an alleged apparition.[15]
In the late 1930s theWorks Progress Administration dubbed the area "the Park Avenue for the Middle Class", and the area maintained that reputation through the 1950s. The Concourse inspired visits by presidential candidateFranklin D. Roosevelt,Harry S. Truman, andJohn F. Kennedy. However, after 1960, the area began to decline quickly due towhite flight, incentives to move to the suburbs,redlining, the development ofCo-Op City, disinvestment by New York City, and arson.[3] While no buildings burned down in the Concourse during the period,[7] the population of the area declined until the 1990s when the population started to rebound.[16]
Recent developments in the Concourse include construction and neighborhood improvements, and the neighborhood is gentrifying as of 2012[update].[16] The Yankees built anew stadium in 2009. The former stadium was demolished; a large public park—Heritage Field—was established in its place. TheBronx Museum of the Arts undertook a major expansion in 2006, and is currently undergoing another addition. TheBronx Hall of Justice opened in 2007. TheBronx Terminal Market opened in 2009 as did the adjacentMill Pond Park, which includes a Stadium Tennis Center.
In the 2000s, theNew York City Department of Transportation started making capital, aesthetic, and safety improvements to the Grand Concourse with much of the work completed within the Concourse neighborhood.[17] A redesign of 161st Street during the 2000 reconstruction of the Grand Concourse brought additional pedestrian space to the neighborhood. In 2011, theNew York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated a large portion of the neighborhood as the Grand Concourse Historic District.[3]
In 2016, theNew York City Economic Development Corporation issuedrequests for proposals for a new redevelopment project in the Concourse, along the Harlem River shore. A $300 million proposal, announced in September 2017, includes 1,045 affordable housing units as well as a newUniversal Hip Hop Museum that is to open in 2020. The first of two phases will have 600 affordable unites, a 2.3-acre (0.93 ha) waterfront promenade, a public plaza, a performance space, a movie theater, and the hip hop museum.[18]
Concourse is divided into two neighborhood tabulation areas, East Concourse/Concourse Village and West Concourse, which collectively comprise the population of Concourse.[19] Based on data from the2010 United States census, the combined population of Concourse was 101,566, a change of 3,048 (3%) from the 98,518 counted in2000. Covering an area of 855.37 acres (346.16 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 118.7 inhabitants per acre (76,000/sq mi; 29,300/km2).[20]
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.6% (1,635)White, 32.7% (33,176)African American, 0.2% (219)Native American, 1.8% (1,836)Asian, 0% (24)Pacific Islander, 0.4% (447) fromother races, and 1% (1,064) from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 62.2% (63,165) of the population.[21]
The area has become more middle class starting in the 2000s. In the 2010 census, there were 3,055 non-Hispanic White residents in the area around Concourse, having increased from 2,600 in the 2000 census. The 2010 census also marked the first time in 40 years where the Concourse neighborhood had seen a net increase in population.[16]
The entirety of Community District 4, which comprises Concourse and Highbridge, had 155,835 inhabitants as ofNYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 78.6 years.[22]: 2, 20 This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[23]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [24] Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 27% are between the ages of between 0–17, 29% between 25 and 44, and 23% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 11% and 10% respectively.[22]: 2
As of 2017, the medianhousehold income in Community District 4 was $30,900.[25] In 2018, an estimated 32% of Concourse and Highbridge residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 61% in Concourse and Highbridge, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], Concourse and Highbridge are considered low-income relative to the rest of the city and notgentrifying.[22]: 7
Concourse and Highbridge are patrolled by the 44th Precinct of theNYPD, located at 2 East 169th Street.[26] The 44th Precinct ranked 39th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[27] As of 2018[update], with a non-fatal assault rate of 123 per 100,000 people, Concourse and Highbridge's rate ofviolent crimes per capita is greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 813 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.[22]: 8
The 44th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 77.3% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 19 murders, 36 rapes, 713 robberies, 1,048 felony assaults, 421 burglaries, 934 grand larcenies, and 396 grand larcenies auto in 2022.[28]
Concourse is located near threeNew York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations.[29] Engine Co. 71/Ladder Co. 55/Division 6 is located at 720 Melrose Avenue,[30] Engine Co. 92/Ladder Co. 44/Battalion 17 is located at 1259 Morris Avenue,[31] and Engine Co. 68/Ladder Co. 49 is located at 1160 Ogden Avenue.[32]
In addition,FDNY EMS Station 17 is located at 1080 Ogden Avenue.
As of 2018[update],preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in Concourse and Highbridge than in other places citywide. In Concourse and Highbridge, there were 93 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 34 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[22]: 11 Concourse and Highbridge has a relatively average population of residents who areuninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 13%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[22]: 14
The concentration offine particulate matter, the deadliest type ofair pollutant, in Concourse and Highbridge is 0.0083 milligrams per cubic metre (8.3×10−9 oz/ft3), more than the city average.[22]: 9 Fifteen percent of Concourse and Highbridge residents aresmokers, which is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[22]: 13 In Concourse and Highbridge, 34% of residents areobese, 17% arediabetic, and 42% havehigh blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[22]: 16 In addition, 23% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[22]: 12
Eighty-three percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 72% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.[22]: 13 For every supermarket in Concourse and Highbridge, there are 18bodegas.[22]: 10
The nearest hospitals areNYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln in Melrose andBronx-Lebanon Hospital Center in Claremont.[33]
In 2017, several residents were sickened or killed due to a rare outbreak ofleptospirosis. The cases were reported at 750 Grand Concourse, a building that had reported hundreds of health violations.[34][35][36] In March 2020, during thecoronavirus pandemic in New York City, a doorman at nearby 860 Grand Concourse was among the first people in New York City to die ofCOVID-19.[37]
Concourse is covered by multipleZIP Codes. While the area south of 161st Street is covered by 10451, the area to the north falls within 10452 (west of the Grand Concourse) and 10456 (east of the Grand Concourse).[38] TheUnited States Postal Service operates two post offices near Concourse: the Stadium Station at 901 Gerard Avenue,[39] and the Highbridge Station at 1315 Inwood Avenue.[40]
Concourse contains five separate parks and a plaza. At the center of the neighborhood and to the north of Bronx Courthouse,Joyce Kilmer Park and Lou Gehrig Plaza border the intersection of the Grand Concourse and 161st Street. Originally called Concourse Plaza, Joyce Kilmer Park was named for the author of the poem "Tree" in 1926.[41] Joyce Kilmer Park contains theLorelei Fountain which celebrates the German poetHeinrich Heine. The park is flat with many walking paths. To the south is Lou Gehrig Plaza, which bridges 161st Street between the Bronx Courthouse and Joyce Kilmer Park.[7]
To the south of Bronx Courthouse, Franz Sigel Park offers a more rustic park space. Named for Franz Sigel, a patriot and educator in his native Germany and the United States who lived in the area until his death in 1902, the park is characterized by variations in elevation and bedrock. Formerly part of a Native American trail, a visitor can view Manhattan and surrounding rooftops from the terrace within the park. The park was extended in the 1960s to include a ball fields on the south side. A comfort area was added in 1993.[10]
Mullaly Park, named for reporter and park advocateJohn Mullaly, is an active-use recreational space with a pool and a skate park.[42]
Expanded in 2009,Macombs Dam Park includes the 400-meter Joseph Yancy Track and Field, all weather turf, a soccer field, a baseball field, and grandstand seating for 600 people. The park, on the site of the original Yankee Stadium south of 161st Street and west of River Avenue, connects to theYankees–East 153rd Street station on theMetro-North Railroad'sHudson Line.[43]
Construction started onMill Pond Park in 2006 and ended in 2009. Located between the Harlem River and River Avenue adjacent to Bronx Terminal Market, the Park features Stadium Tennis Center, walking paths, picnic areas, and views of the waterfront.[44] The second floor of the Power house in Mill Pond Park is the future home of theBronx Children's Museum.[45]
Concourse and Highbridge generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018[update]. While 36% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 43% have less than a high school education and 21% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[22]: 6 The percentage of Concourse and Highbridge students excelling in math rose from 17% in 2000 to 40% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 21% to 25% during the same time period.[46]
Concourse and Highbridge's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is more than the rest of New York City. In Concourse and Highbridge, 28% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days perschool year, higher than the citywide average of 20%.[23]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [22]: 6 Additionally, 67% of high school students in Concourse and Highbridge graduate on time, lower than the citywide average of 75%.[22]: 6
Public schools are operated by theNew York City Department of Education.
The following elementary schools are located in Concourse:[47]
The following middle schools serve grades 6-8:[47]
The following middle and high schools serve grades 6-12:[47]
The following high schools serve grades 9-12 unless otherwise indicated:[47]
TheNew York Public Library (NYPL) operates three branches in the Concourse area:
TheHarlem River separates the Bronx and Manhattan, with theMacombs Dam Bridge connecting the two boroughs within Concourse.Interstate 87, theMajor Deegan Expressway, has exits that can access the neighborhood. The Grand Concourse terminates onto roads leading across theTriborough Bridge with connections to Queens and Manhattan.[8]
New York City Subway routes include theIRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train) at161st Street and167th Street, and theIND Concourse Line (B and D trains) at161st Street and167th Street.[51]MTA Regional Bus Operations also operates several routes in the area:[52]
TheMetro-North Railroad'sHarlem Line has acommuter rail station atMelrose as well as atHudson Line'sYankees–East 153rd Street station.[53]
The neighborhood hosts a variety of institutions including:
Media related toConcourse, Bronx at Wikimedia Commons| South Bronx |  | |
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