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 Rot un Wiss, traditional flag of Alsace |
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 Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century |
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Lorraine in theEU |
TheConcordat in Alsace-Moselle is the part of thelocal law in Alsace-Moselle relating to the official status accorded to certain religions in these territories.
This Concordat is a remnant of the NapoleonicConcordat of 1801. The 1801 Concordat was abrogated in the rest of France by thelaw of 1905 on theseparation of church and state. However, at the time, Alsace-Moselle had beenannexed by Germany, so the Concordat remained in force in these areas. The Concordat recognises four religious traditions in Alsace-Moselle: three branches ofChristianity (Catholicism,Lutheranism andReformed) plusJudaism. Therefore, the French concept oflaïcité, a rigid separation of church and state, does not apply in this region.[1]
Several French governments have considered repealing the Concordat, but none have done so. On 21 February 2013, theConstitutional Council of France upheld the Concordat, reaffirming its validity, in response to an appeal from a secularist group which claimed that the Concordat in Alsace-Moselle contradicted the secular nature of the French Republic.[2][3]
Under the Concordat, religious education is compulsory in public schools, at both primary and secondary level, although parents can now opt for a secular equivalent by a written request. These religious education lessons are given by members of the faiths concerned and under the control of the respective churches.
Religious ministers in Alsace-Moselle (pastors, priests and rabbis of the four recognised faiths) receive a salary from theInterior Ministry, which, by virtue of the 1993 Lang-Cloupet agreement, is linked to civil service salary scales.[4] In 2012, this was said to be costing the French state 54 million euros per year.[5]They also qualify for unemployment benefits.The Bishop ofMetz and the Archbishop ofStrasbourg are appointed by decree of the President of the Republic, after agreement with the Holy See. The actual involvement of the French state is however nowadays considered purely nominal (although a recent appointment to the see of Metz was blocked at an early stage).[citation needed] Chief rabbis and presidents of theJewish andProtestant consistories are appointed by the Prime Minister. Ministers of the three Christian churches are appointed by the Interior Minister.
TheUniversity of Strasbourg includes two faculties of theology, one Protestant, the other Catholic. These are the only theology faculties in France, although theUniversity of Lorraine in Metz also has a theology department. Both faculties are responsible for training ministers for their respective religious traditions. The Catholic faculty comes directly under the authority of the Holy See, and the diplomas that it awards are recognised by the Holy See as canonical.
There have been a number of attempts to extend the coverage of the Concordat to recognise other religions, notably Islam, as well as other branches of Christianity.[6]
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