| Royal Concert Hall | |
|---|---|
Koninklijk Concertgebouw | |
 | |
  Location in Amsterdam | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Concert hall |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Location | Concertgebouwplein 10 1071 LN Amsterdam,Museumplein, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 52°21′23″N4°52′45″E / 52.3563°N 4.8791°E /52.3563; 4.8791 |
| Current tenants | Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra |
| Construction started | 1883 |
| Completed | Late 1886 |
| Opened | 11 April 1888 |
| Renovated | July 1985 – April 1988 |
| Cost | 300,000Dutch guilders[citation needed] |
| Owner | Het Concertgebouw N.V. (privately owned)[citation needed] |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Adolf Leonard van Gendt [nl] |
| Designations | Protected monument |
| Renovating team | |
| Architect | Pi de Bruijn |
| Other information | |
| Seating type | Theatre |
| Seating capacity | 1,974 (Main Hall) 437 (Recital Hall) 150 (Choir Hall)[1] |
| Website | |
Official website | |
TheRoyal Concertgebouw (Dutch:het Koninklijk Concertgebouw,pronounced[ətˈkoːnɪŋkləkɔnˈsɛrtxəˌbʌu]) is a concert hall inAmsterdam, Netherlands. The Dutch term "concertgebouw" translates into English as "concert building". Its superbacoustics place it among the finestconcert halls in the world, along with Boston'sSymphony Hall[2][3] and theMusikverein in Vienna.[4][5]
In celebration of the building's 125th anniversary,Queen Beatrix bestowed the royal title "Koninklijk" upon the building on 11 April 2013, as she had on theRoyal Concertgebouw Orchestra upon its 100th in 1988.[6]
The architect of the building wasAdolf Leonard van Gendt [nl],[7] who was inspired by theGewandhaus inLeipzig, built two years earlier (and destroyed in 1943).[citation needed]
Construction began in 1883 in a pasture that was then outside the city, in Nieuwer-Amstel, a municipality that in 1964 becameAmstelveen.[8] A total of 2,186 wooden piles, 12 to 13 metres (40 to 43 ft) long, were emplaced in the soil.[9] The Concertgebouw was completed in late 1886, however due to the difficulties with the municipality of Nieuwer-Amstel – filling in a small canal, paving the access roads and installing street lights – the grand opening of the building was delayed.[10]
The hall opened on 11 April 1888 with an inaugural concert, in which an orchestra of 120 musicians and a chorus of 500 singers participated, performing works ofWagner,Handel,Bach, andBeethoven. The resident orchestra of the Concertgebouw is theRoyal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest), which gave its first concert in the hall on 3 November 1888, as the Concertgebouw Orchestra (Concertgebouworkest). For many decades from the 1950s to the present day theNetherlands Philharmonic Orchestra (previously the Amsterdam Philharmonic Orchestra) as well as theRadio Filharmonisch Orkest also provide their regular concert series in the Concertgebouw.[citation needed]
Today, some 900 concerts and other events per year take place in the Concertgebouw, for a public of over 700,000, making it one of the most-visited concert halls in the world.[11]
As of February 2014[update], the managing director of the Concertgebouw is Simon Reinink and the artistic director is Anneke Hogenstijn.[12]
The 2025Hanukkah concert at the Concertgebouw was cancelled over Shai Abramson’s status as the lead cantor of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF).[13] The Concertgebouw requested the organizers to replace what they saw as “a visible representative” of theIDF, which the hall's leadership stated “is actively involved in acontroversial war”. The Chanukah Concert Foundation, which arranged the concert, came to a compromise with Concertgebouw and the concert was rescheduled as part of an afternoon-evening schedule that would combine a public show in the afternoon conducted by Jules van Hessen. There would be a private concert for already purchased tickets to see Abramson perform afterwards.[14]
The Main Hall (Grote Zaal) seats 1,974,[1] and is 44 metres (144 feet) long, 28 metres (92 feet) wide, and 17 metres (56 feet) high.[15] Itsreverberation time is 2.8 seconds without audience, 2.2 seconds with, making it ideal for the lateRomantic repertoire such asMahler. Although this characteristic makes it largely unsuited for amplified music, groups such asLed Zeppelin,Pink Floyd andThe Who did perform there in the 1960s.[citation needed] In the Main Hall, there is a layer of dust in several places as removing this layer would impact the acoustics as they are now.[16]
A smaller, oval-shaped venue, the Recital Hall (Kleine Zaal), is located behind the Main Hall. The Recital Hall is 20 metres (66 feet) long and 15 metres (49 feet) wide.[15] Its more intimate space is well-suited forchamber music andLieder. The Recital Hall has 437 seats.[1]
In 1983, the Concertgebouw was found to be sinking into the damp Amsterdam earth, with several inch-wide cracks appearing in the walls, so the hall embarked on extensive fundraising for renovations. Its difficult emergency restoration started in 1985, during which the 2,186 rotting wooden pilings were replaced with concrete pillars. Dutch architectPi de Bruijn designed a modern annex for a new entrance and a basement to replace cramped dressing and rehearsal space.[9]
Theorgan was built in 1890 by the organ builder Michael Maarschalkerweerd fromUtrecht, and was renovated in the years 1990 to 1993 by the organ builderFlentrop. It has 60 registers on three divisions andpedal.[17]
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In the Main Hall, the surnames of the following 46 composers are displayed on the balcony ledges and on the walls:[18]
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